"A well-constructed and concisely written book, incorporating a balanced combination of textual explanations and well-presented mathematical descriptions, which serves both as an introduction to many important aspects of radar but also as an extensive exercise in the usage and application of both the MATLAB and Python programming applications. It is eminently readable and understandable. I assess that it is probably most relevant to post graduate student scientists and engineers requiring a moderately detailed understanding of aspects of radar with a view to practical applications" Aerospace Magazine This comprehensive resource provides readers with the tools necessary to perform analysis of various waveforms for use in radar systems. It provides information about how to produce synthetic aperture (SAR) images by giving a tomographic formulation and implementation for SAR imaging. Tracking filter fundamentals, and each parameter associated with the filter and how each affects tracking performance are also presented. Various radar cross section measurement techniques are covered, along with waveform selection analysis through the study of the ambiguity function for each particular waveform from simple linear frequency modulation (LFM) waveforms to more complicated coded waveforms. The text includes the Python tool suite, which allows the reader to analyze and predict radar performance for various scenarios and applications. Also provided are MATLAB (R) scripts corresponding to the Python tools. The software includes a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) that provides visualizations of the concepts being covered. Users have full access to both the Python and MATLAB source code to modify for their application. With examples using the tool suite are given at the end of each chapter, this text gives readers a clear understanding of how important target scattering is in areas of target detection, target tracking, pulse integration, and target discrimination.

Inertial navigation is widely used for the guidance of aircraft, missiles, ships and land vehicles, as well as in a number of novel applications such as surveying underground pipelines in drilling operations. This book sets out to provide a clear and concise description of the physical principles of inertial navigation, the associated growth of errors and their compensation. There is also detailed treatment of recent developments in inertial sensor technology and a description of techniques for implementing and evaluating such systems. This new edition includes a number of refinements covering sensor technology, geodesy and error modelling, plus new chapters on MEMS technology and inertial systems applications.

Richly illustrated, and including both an extensive bibliography and index, this indispensable guide brings together the theory, design, and applications of atmospheric radar. It explains the basic thermodynamics and dynamics of the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere, and discusses the physical and engineering principles behind one of the key tools used to study these regions - MST radars. Key topics covered include antennas, signal propagation, and signal processing techniques. A wide range of practical applications are discussed, including the use of atmospheric radar to study wind profiles, tropospheric temperature, and gravity waves. A detailed overview of radar designs provides a wealth of knowledge and tools, providing readers with a strong basis for building their own instruments. This is an essential resource for graduate students and researchers working in the areas of radar engineering, remote sensing, meteorology, and atmospheric physics, as well as for practitioners in the radar industry.

Completely modernized, greatly expanded, but retaining all the magic of the 2nd edition, Introduction to Airborne Radar has been brought into the 21st century without losing the hallmarks that made George Stimson's previous editions unique. Every chapter has been updated to reflect the constant transformations in radar technology and end-of-chapter exercises have also been added, improving its employment as a textbook. Over 100 radar and EW experts from around the world were involved in reviewing, writing, and editing this book, each one a longtime user of the previous editions. Each one of them was tasked with making sure this third edition lives up to its legacy of 'Introduction.' Stimson's is written specifically as an overview without going overboard on the math. Virtually anyone with a knowledge of high school algebra, trigonometry, and physics will be able to read and absorb the vast majority of the material. The first 17 chapters provide fundamentals that can be used by air, ground, and sea-based personnel. Every chapter provides extensive fundamental materials and practical applications, using visual system exemplars to aid explanations. The unique full color layout is enhanced with an immense number of illustrations, figures, tables, and color photographs. Key features: Modernized to reflect changes in the past 20 years including electronic scanning antennas and high resolution imaging. Completely covers the wide range of techniques employed in modern airborne and space borne radars. Fundamentals are applicable to ground and sea-based radar. Clear, understandable writing supplemented by extensive graphic illustration of concepts and offset boxes taking those concepts to the next level. Community reviewed by over 100 radar experts from organizations worldwide.

Based on the classic "Radar Range-Performance Analysis" from 1980, this practical volume extends that work to ensure applicability of radar equations to the design and analysis of modern radars. This unique book helps engineers identify what information on the radar and its environment is needed to predict detection range. Moreover, it provides equations and data to improve the accuracy of range calculations. Professionals find detailed information on propagation effects, methods of range calculation in environments that include clutter, jamming and thermal noise, as well as loss factors that reduce radar performance.

Monopulse is a type of radar that sends additional information in the signal in order to avoid problems caused by rapid changes in signal strength. Monopulse is resistant to jamming which is one of the main reasons it is used in most radar systems today. This updated and expanded edition of an Artech House classic offers engineers a current and comprehensive treatment of monopulse radar principles, techniques, and applications. The second edition features two brand new chapters, covering monopulse countermeasures and counter-countermeasures and monopulse for airborne radar and homing seekers. This essential volume categorizes and describes the various forms of monopulse radar, and analyzes their capabilities and limitations. The book also devotes considerable space to monopulse circuits and hardware components, explaining their functions and performance. This practical resource features numerous photographs and illustrations drawn from actual radar systems and components. This book serves as a valuable reference for both experienced radar engineers and those new to the field.

This is the only English language book on bistatic radar. It starts with James Casper's fine chapter in the first edition of Skolnik's Radar Handbook (1970), capturing previously unpublished work before 1970. It then summarizes and codifies subsequent bistatic radar research and development, especially as catalogued in the special December 1986 IEE journal. It defines and resolves many issues and controversies plaguing bistatic radar, including predicted performance, monostatic equivalence, bistatic radar cross section and resolution, bistatic Doppler, hitchhiking, SAR, ECM/ECCM, and, most importantly, the utility of bistatic radars. The text provides a history of bistatic systems that points out to potential designers, the applications that have worked and the dead-ends not worth pursuing. The text reviews the basic concepts and definitions, and explains the mathematical development of relationships, such as geometry, Ovals of Cassini, dynamic range, isorange and isodoppler contours, target doppler, and clutter doppler spread.

Radar cross section (RCS) is a comparison of two radar signal strengths. One is the strength of the radar beam sweeping over a target, the other is the strength of the reflected echo sensed by the receiver. This book shows how the RCS gauge can be predicted for theoretical objects and how it can be measured for real targets. Predicting RCS is not easy, even for simple objects like spheres or cylinders, but this book explains the two exact forms of theory so well that even a novice will understand enough to make close predictions. Weapons systems developers are keenly interested in reducing the RCS of their platforms. The two most practical ways to reduce RCS are shaping and absorption. This book explains both in great detail, especially in the design, evaluation, and selection of radar absorbers. There is also great detail on the design and employment of indoor and outdoor test ranges for scale models or for full-scale targets (such as aircraft). In essence, this book covers everything you need to know about RCS, from what it is, how to predict and measure, and how to test targets (indoors and out), and how to beat it.

In this monograph S.R. Cloude introduces, for the first time, the topics of radar polarimetry and interferometry. This topic was first developed in 1997 and has since developed into a major topic in radar sciences and its applications, in particular to space sciences. In its simplest form it concerns the study of interferograms formed by combining waves with different polarizations and their exploitation to infer important physical properties of the planetary surface being investigated.
Written in three main sections, the first four chapters provide a detailed coverage of all major topics of polarimetry, including its basis in electromagnetic scattering theory, decomposition theorems and a detailed analysis of the entropy/alpha approach. The next chapter offers a brief introduction to radar interferometry, before developing in three chapters the important new topic of polarimetric interferometry. In this way it provides a complete treatment of the subject, suitable for those working in interferometry who wish to know about polarimetry, or vice versa, as well as those new to the topic who are looking for a one-stop comprehensive treatment of the subject. The emphasis throughout is on the application of these techniques to remote sensing and the book concludes with a set of practical examples to illustrate the theoretical ideas.

This ground-breaking resource gives you the background theories and know-how you need to effectively design active phased array antennas with wider bandwidth and scan volume utilizing sparse array technology. The book shows you how to incorporate aperiodic arrays and sparse arrays as a solution for overcoming the restrictions faced in conventional phased antenna designs - such as blind spots, limited scan volume, large power and cooling requirements, RF path losses, and increased complexity - while adhering to the maintenance of SWAP-C resources widely used in aerospace and defence. Packed with step-by-step information and research results unavailable in any other single source to date, the book presents new concepts and techniques that potentially can be applied to many critical defense and commercial requirements such as: radars, satcom on move, sonars, weather monitoring, 5G and 6G for mobile communication, fault and crack detection in buildings and underground pipelines, automotive anti-collisions mechanism in automobiles, mine detection, through wall imaging, and more. The book helps you to understand the fundamental antenna technology being deployed in modern systems and equips you to design problem-solving sparse array models proven by electromagnetic simulations that can reduce the cost and overall complexity of the existing systems. Numerous design studies are documented to validate the theories presented. The book takes into account the functional constraints in designing commercial and military systems while demonstrating provable techniques that are practical and achievable. This is an important resource for phased array antenna designers interested in utilizing sparse array technology with wider bandwidth and scan volume. The book's straightforward approach and easy-to-follow language also make it accessible to students and those new to the field.

During the 1930s the popular press were carrying stories of a death ray that could disable aircraft, and it became such a popular notion that an investigation was carried out by a government scientist, Robert Watson-Watt. His discovery was that it was not that electro-magnetic waves could interfere with aircraft, but that aircraft could interfere with radio transmissions. The strategic importance of this was appreciated and a secret establishment was set up to develop a means of using radio transmissions to detect the approach of enemy aircraft - the birth of radar. As World War II broke out Ian Goult joined this elite group of scientists - aged only sixteen - as a lab assistant, working on GEE, a navigational aid allowing accurate location of targets. Its success allowed Bomber command to effectively navigate as far as the Ruhr. In Secret Location, Goult describes taking part in work on radar and microwave techniques that gave Britain supremacy in the air, and greatly improved submarine detection during the Battle of the Atlantic, saving thousands of tons of materiel and many lives. Told in an engaging style, this book offers a unique insight in those men whose achievements during the war have been underappreciated, but whose efforts were a key factor in the Allied victory. Postwar, Ian Goult was closely involved in the development of ground proximity warning systems and and the very first ATOL.

Real-time testing and simulation of open- and closed-loop radio frequency (RF) systems for signal generation, signal analysis and digital signal processing require deterministic, low-latency, high-throughput capabilities afforded by user reconfigurable field programmable gate arrays (FPGAs). This comprehensive book introduces LabVIEW FPGA, provides best practices for multi-FPGA solutions, and guidance for developing high-throughput, low-latency FPGA based RF systems. Written by a recognized expert with a wealth of real-world experience in the field, this is the first book written on the subject of FPGAs for radar and other RF applications. The companion website for this book can be found at https://github.com/LVFPGABOOK/

This is the first book to bring together the increasingly complex radar automotive technologies and tools being explored and utilized in the development of fully autonomous vehicles - technologies and tools now understood to be an essential need for the field to fully mature. The book presents state-of-the-art knowledge as shared by the best and brightest experts working in the automotive radar industry today -- leaders who have "been there and done that." Each chapter is written as a standalone "master class" with the authors, seeing the topic through their eyes and experiences. Where beneficial, the chapters reference one another but can otherwise be read in any order desired, making the book an excellent go-to reference for a particular topic or review you need to understand. You'll get a big-picture tour of the key radar needs for fully autonomous vehicles, and how achieving these needs is complicated by the automotive environment's dense scenes, number of possible targets of interest, and mix of very large and very small returns. You'll then be shown the challenges from - and mitigations to - radio frequency interference (RFI), an ever-increasing challenge as the number of vehicles with radars - and radars per vehicle grow. The book also dives into the impacts of weather on radar performance, providing you with insights gained from extensive real-world testing. You are then taken through the integration and systems considerations, especially regarding safety, computing needs, and testing. Each of these areas is influenced heavily by the needs of fully autonomous vehicles and are open areas of research and development. With this authoritative volume you will understand: How to engage with radar designers (from a system integrator / OEM standpoint); How to structure and set requirements for automotive radars; How to address system safety needs for radars in fully autonomous vehicles; How to assess weather impact on the radar and its ability to support autonomy; How to include weather effects into specifications for radars. This is an essential reference for engineers currently in the autonomous vehicle arena and/or working in automotive radar development, as well as engineers and leaders in adjacent radar fields needing to stay abreast of the rapid developments in this exciting and dynamic field of research and development.

This comprehensive book gives an overview of how cognitive systems and artificial intelligence (AI) can be used in electronic warfare (EW). Readers will learn how EW systems respond more quickly and effectively to battlefield conditions where sophisticated radars and spectrum congestion put a high priority on EW systems that can characterize and classify novel waveforms, discern intent, and devise and test countermeasures. Specific techniques are covered for optimizing a cognitive EW system as well as evaluating its ability to learn new information in real time. The book presents AI for electronic support (ES), including characterization, classification, patterns of life, and intent recognition. Optimization techniques, including temporal tradeoffs and distributed optimization challenges are also discussed. The issues concerning real-time in-mission machine learning and suggests some approaches to address this important challenge are presented and described. The book covers electronic battle management, data management, and knowledge sharing. Evaluation approaches, including how to show that a machine learning system can learn how to handle novel environments, are also discussed. Written by experts with first-hand experience in AI-based EW, this is the first book on in-mission real-time learning and optimization.

Novel deep learning approaches are achieving state-of-the-art accuracy in the area of radar target recognition, enabling applications beyond the scope of human-level performance. This book provides an introduction to the unique aspects of machine learning for radar signal processing that any scientist or engineer seeking to apply these technologies ought to be aware of. The book begins with three introductory chapters on radar systems and phenomenology, machine learning principles, and optimization for training common deep neural network (DNN) architectures. Subsequently, the book summarizes radar-specific issues relating to the different domain representations in which radar data may be presented to DNNs and synthetic data generation for training dataset augmentation. Further chapters focus on specific radar applications, which relate to DNN design for micro-Doppler analysis, SAR-based automatic target recognition, radar remote sensing, and emerging fields, such as data fusion and image reconstruction. Edited by an acknowledged expert, and with contributions from an international team of authors, this book provides a solid introduction to the fundamentals of radar and machine learning, and then goes on to explore a range of technologies, applications and challenges in this developing field. This book is also a valuable resource for both radar engineers seeking to learn more about deep learning, as well as computer scientists who are seeking to explore novel applications of machine learning. In an era where the applications of RF sensing are multiplying by the day, this book serves as an easily accessible primer on the nuances of deep learning for radar applications.

Expert coverage of the design and implementation of state estimation algorithms for tracking and navigation

Estimation with Applications to Tracking and Navigation treats the estimation of various quantities from inherently inaccurate remote observations. It explains state estimator design using a balanced combination of linear systems, probability, and statistics.

The authors provide a review of the necessary background mathematical techniques and offer an overview of the basic concepts in estimation. They then provide detailed treatments of all the major issues in estimation with a focus on applying these techniques to real systems. Other features include:

• Problems that apply theoretical material to real-world applications
• In-depth coverage of the Interacting Multiple Model (IMM) estimator
• Companion DynaEst™ software for MATLAB™ implementation of Kalman filters and IMM estimators
• Design guidelines for tracking filters

Suitable for graduate engineering students and engineers working in remote sensors and tracking, Estimation with Applications to Tracking and Navigation provides expert coverage of this important area.

This comprehensive resource explains the development of UAVs, drone threats, counter-UAV systems, and strategies to handle UAVs, focusing on the practical aspects of counter-unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems and technologies.Theory, technical and operational practice with insights from industry and policing are covered, and the full rogue drone threat landscape and counter-drone technologies and systems is explored. The book provides insight into counter-drone strategy, developing effective counter-drone strategies and measures, as well as counter-drone programs and the regulatory frameworks governing the use of drones. It includes analysis of future drone and counter-drone challenges and highlights ongoing research and innovation activities and an examination of future drone technologies. Written by authors who have extensive academic, research, innovation, technical, industry and police operational investigative expertise at international level, this book is useful for the aviation sector, law enforcement and academia.

Novel Radar Techniques and Applications presents the state-of-the-art in advanced radar, with emphasis on ongoing novel research and development and contributions from an international team of leading radar experts. This volume covers: Real aperture array radar, including target parameter estimation and array radar features; robust direct data domain processing; and array radar operation management. Imaging radar, including VideoSAR imaging for real-time persistence; high-resolution wide-swath SAR; interferometric SAR imaging; space-based SAR-Ground moving target indication; 3D & tomographic SAR imaging; bi- and monostatic SAR-GMTI; multistatic and MIMO ISAR techniques; and focussing moving objects using the VSAR algorithm. Passive and multistatic radar, including bistatic clutter modeling; airborne passive radar; forward scatter radar; through the wall imaging radar; short-range passive radar potentialities; GNSS-based passive radar; passive radar with airborne receivers; multi-illuminator and multistatic passive radar; and passive MIMO radar networks.

Novel Radar Techniques and Applications presents the state-of-the-art in advanced radar, with emphasis on ongoing novel research and development and contributions from an international team of leading radar experts. Each section gives an overview of the latest research and perspectives of the future, and includes a number of chapters dedicated to specific techniques in conjunction with existing operational, experimental or conceptual applications. This volume covers: Waveform diversity and cognitive radar, including holistic design of physical radar emissions; waveform design for spectral coexistence; adaptive OFDM waveform design for spatio-temporal-sparsity exploited STAP radar; applications of noise radar; bioinspired radar techniques; concept of the intelligent radar network; clutter diversity; and cognitive radar management. Target tracking and data fusion, including posterior Cramer-Rao bounds for target tracking; tracking and fusion in log-spherical state space with application to collision avoidance and kinematic ranging; multistatic tracking for passive radar applications; radar-based ground surveillance; multiplatform radar surveillance for aerial and maritime surveillance; person tracking and data fusion for UWB radar applications; and sensor management for radar networks.

Nature presents examples of active sensing which are unique, sophisticated and incredibly fascinating. There are animals that sense the environment actively, for example through echolocation, which have evolved their capabilities over millions of years and that, as a result of evolution, have developed unique in-built sensing mechanisms that are often the envy of synthetic systems. This book presents some of the recent work that has been carried out to investigate how sophisticated sensing techniques used in nature can be applied to radar and sonar systems to improve their performance. Topics covered include biosonar inspired signal processing and acoustic imaging from echolocating bats; enhanced range resolution: comparison with the matched filter; air-coupled sonar systems inspired by bat echolocation; analysis of acoustic echoes from bat-pollinated plants; the biosonar arms race between bats and insects; biologically inspired coordination of guidance and adaptive radiated waveform for interception and rendezvous problems; cognitive sensor/ processor system framework for target tracking; the biosonar of the Mediterranean bottlenose dolphins; human echolocation; and polarization tensors and object recognition in weakly electric fish. Biologically-Inspired Radar and Sonar is essential reading for radar and sonar practitioners in academia and research, governmental and industrial organisations, engineers working in signal processing and sensing, and those with an underlying interest in the interaction between natural sciences and engineering.