"Radar Automatic Target Recognition (ATR) and NonCooperative Target Recognition (NCTR)" captures material presented by leading international experts at a NATO lecture series and explores both the fundamentals of classification techniques applied to data from a variety of radar modes and selected advanced techniques at the forefront of research. The ability to detect and locate targets by day or night, over wide areas, regardless of weather conditions has long made radar a key sensor in many military and civil applications. However, the ability to automatically and reliably distinguish different targets represents a difficult challenge, although steady progress has been made over the past couple of decades. This book explores both the fundamentals of classification techniques applied to data from a variety of radar modes and selected advanced techniques at the forefront of research. Topics include: the problem as applied to the ground, air and maritime domains; impact of image quality on the overall target recognition performance; performance of different approaches to the classifier algorithm; improvement in performance to be gained when a target can be viewed from more than one perspective; ways in which natural systems perform target recognition; impact of compressive sensing; advances in change detection, including coherent change detection; and challenges and directions for future research.

This third and final volume in the Principles of Modern Radar series brings all the fundamentals and advanced techniques of the prior volumes to their logical conclusion by presenting the applications of radar. This unique book provides in-depth discussions of the most important areas in current radar practice, serving primarily radar practitioners and advanced graduate students. For those needing to become experts in an advanced technology or application area, Radar Applications should be the foundation of their research before they tackle in-depth, single topic advanced books and literature. These advanced books are suggested at the end of each chapter to guide readers toward the best published works. Principles of Modern Radar: Radar Applications provides concise descriptions of the purposes, principal issues, and radar methods found in a wide variety of current radar types with military, commercial, and civilian uses. These types of radar include continuous wave (CW) radar, weather and air traffic control, pulse Doppler, fire control, ground moving target indication, and unconventional applications such as materials and ground penetrating radar. This book combines the best attributes of edited and single-author references. It draws on the expertise of authors from academia and industry, active in both teaching and ongoing research. These specialists provide greater depth and experience over the broad range of radar topics than could any single author. As with the entire Principles of Modern Radar series, this book was community reviewed by experts from around the world for coherence and consistency.

Written by a prominent expert in the field, this updated and expanded second edition of an Artech House classic includes the most recent breakthroughs in vital sign and gender recognition via micro-radar, as well as covering basic principles of Doppler effect and micro-Doppler effect and describing basic applications of micro-Doppler signatures in radar. The book presents detailed procedures about how to generate and analyze micro-Doppler signatures from radar signals. Readers will learn how to model and animate an object (such as human, spinning top, rotating rotor blades) with movement, simulation of radar returns from the object, and generating micro-Doppler signature. The book includes coverage of the Google project "Soli", which demonstrated the use of radar micro-Doppler effect to sense and recognize micro motions of human hand gesture for controlling devices. It also discusses noncontact detection of human vital sign (micro motions of breathing and heart beating) using radar, another important application of radar micro-Doppler sensors. Detailed MATLAB source codes for simulation of radar backscattering from targets with various motions are provided, along with source codes for generating micro-Doppler signatures and analyzing characteristics of targets.

It's easy to recognize improper radar or lidar use by first understanding basic operational procedures. Learn about microwave and laser radar limitations, errors, and misinterpretation of readings resulting from improper use or a lack of understanding. Microwave and laser radars are precision instruments that accurately measure speed - when used properly, as designed. Design constraints limit how the radar or lidar should be located and used. Some police operate outside design limits unknowingly or to hide from motorist, resulting in unreliable readings easy to misinterpret. This book includes a basic description of microwave and laser radars, and their differences. Correct setup procedures are explained, and results when protocol is not followed. Results vary from speed errors to mis-identified vehicles. Many errors are predictable knowing just the general setup. Victims of microwave radar or laser radar (lidar), and police, will appreciate the easy to follow and understand information not found in radar or lidar user manuals or specifications.

Radar Techniques Using Array Antennas is a thorough introduction to the possibilities of radar technology based on electronic steerable and active array antennas. Topics covered include array signal processing, array calibration, adaptive digital beamforming, adaptive monopulse, superresolution, pulse compression, sequential detection, target detection with long pulse series, space-time adaptive processing (STAP), moving target detection using synthetic aperture radar (SAR), target imaging, energy management and system parameter relations. The discussed methods are confirmed by simulation studies and experimental array systems developed by the authors team at FGAN, now Fraunhofer. This new edition has been fully updated and revised, and includes discussion of compressed sensing and its possible application to beam forming, some results for phase-only-nulling against jammers, descriptions of further algorithms for superresolution for location and separation of radar targets and the reconnaissance of other radiating sources, extension and explanation of the basic ideas for MIMO-radar, and a new chapter on radar operation by passive coherent location. Providing many valuable lessons for designers of future high standard multifunction radar systems for military and civil applications, this book will appeal to graduate level engineers, researchers, and managers in the field of radar, aviation and space technology.

Includes full color and black and white illustrations, This handbook is designed to aid electronic warfare and radar systems engineers in making general estimations regarding capabilities of systems. This handbook is sponsored by the NAVAIR Director of Electronic Warfare / Combat Systems. Chapters include: Fundamentals; Antennas; Radar Equations; Radar and Receiver Characteristics and Test; Microwave / RF Components; Electro-optics an IR; Aircraft Dynamics Considerations; Date Transfer Busses; Glossary; Abbreviations and Acronyms.

Chapter titles are ...(1) Introduction ...(2) Radar Polarimetry ...(3) Polarization of Monochromatic Plane Waves ...(4) Polarization Sphere of Tangential Phasors...(5) Rotation Transformation on the Sphere ...(6) Change of Phase, Orthogonality and Spatial Reversal Transformation on the Sphere ...(7) Scattering and Propagation Matrices ...(8) The Poincare Sphere Analysis ...(9) Poincare Sphere Geometrical Model of the Scattering Matrix ...(10) Special Polarizations of the Bistatic Scattering Matrix ...(11) Constant Received Power Curves on the Poincare Sphere ...(12) The Basis-Invariant Decompositions of the Sinclair Matrix ...(13) Decomposition of the Partially Depolarizing Kennaugh Matrix into Four Non-Depolarizing Components ...(14) The Polarimetric Two-Ports ...(15) The Four-Sphere of Partial Polarization and Its Applications ...(16) Appendices.

The phrase 'waveform design and diversity' refers to an area of radar research that focuses on novel transmission strategies as a way to improve performance in a variety of civil, defense and homeland security applications. Three basic principles are at the core of waveform diversity. First is the principle that any and all knowledge of the operational environment should be exploited in system design and operation. Second is the principle of the fully adaptive system, that is, that the system should respond to dynamic environmental conditions. Third is the principle of measurement diversity as a way to increase system robustness and expand the design trade space. Waveform design and diversity concepts can be found dating back to the mid-twentieth century. However, it has only been in the past decade or so, as academics and practitioners have rushed to exploit recent advances in radar hardware component technology, such as arbitrary waveform generation and linear power amplification, that waveform diversity has become a distinct area of research. The purpose of this book is to survey this burgeoning field in a way that brings together the diverse yet complementary topics that comprise it. The topics covered range from the purely theoretical to the applied, and the treatment of these topics ranges from tutorial explanation to forward-looking research discussions. The topics treated in this book include: classical waveform design and its extensions through information theory, multiple-input multiple-output systems, and the bio-inspired sensing perspective; the exploration of measurement diversity through distributed radar systems, in both cooperative and non-cooperative configurations; the optimal adaptation of the transmit waveform for target detection, tracking, and identification; and more. This representative cross-section of topics provides the reader with a chance to see the three principles of waveform diversity at work, and will hopefully point the way to further advances in this exciting area of research.

While many police departments effectively use radar to control traffic, there are still numerous instances of improper use. To operate traffic radar does not require genius, but it does require proper training as well as a basic understanding of this precision instrument. Unfortunately many people have the misperception that police radar is infallible, it is not. The "Police Traffic SPEED RADAR Handbook" is intended to familiarize the reader with the use and misuse of police radar by examining basic scientific and engineering principles in detail. There are numerous instances of unintentional (and a few intentional) abuses. Observing speed limits does not guarantee immunity from an undeserved ticket. Includes microwave and laser radar operation -- how radar works, proper use, limitations, potential operator errors, and common misreadings and mistakes. General situations are analyzed for potential, probable, and sometimes inevitable speed errors. In many instances errors are predictable knowing just the general setup. Basic radar theory, physics, and mathematics are used to prove all findings. All technical information and conclusions quantifiably described using illustrations, graphs, tables, or mathematical formulas -- based on or derived from fundamental scientific and engineering principles, published factory specifications, empirical data, or U.S. Government documents. Victims of microwave or laser police radar (or speed timing systems, pacing, visual estimate) as well as professionals involved with traffic law enforcement (Judges, attorneys, paralegals, police, prosecutors), accident reconstruction specialists, science and engineering professionals, educators and students will appreciate the detailed technical information and explanation.

For all radar users, recreational and professional. Covers the use of radar for chart navigation, blind pilotage, and collision avoidance. This Workbook is designed to be used in classroom or online courses in radar, or for individual study outside of the classroom. The lesson structure follows that used by several schools in the US, based on the background reader Radar for Mariners by David Burch. The Appendix on advanced radar plotting is included for professional mariners who seek more practice on interpreting ARPA output by working out the vector solutions themselves. The ability to manually interpret the radar interactions seen on the screen, independent of electronic solutions, is in keeping with the fundamental tenet of good navigation and seamanship that we should not rely on any one aid alone.

"Principles of Modern Radar: Basic Principles" is a comprehensive and modern textbook for courses in radar systems and technology at the college senior and graduate student level; a professional training textbook for formal in-house courses for new hires; a reference for ongoing study following a radar short course; and a self-study and professional reference book. "Principles of Modern Radar" focuses on four key areas: Basic concepts, such as the the radar range equation and threshold detection; radar signal phenomenology, such as radar cross section models, clutter, atmospheric effects, and Doppler effects; descriptions of all major subsystems of modern radars, such as the antenna, transmitter, receiver, including modern architectural elements such as exciters, and advanced signal processors; and signal and data processing basics, from digital signal processing (DSP) fundamentals, through detection, Doppler processing, waveforms and pulse compression, basic imaging concepts, and tracking fundamentals. While several established books address introductory radar systems, "Principles of Modern Radar" differs from these in its breadth of coverage, its emphasis on current methods (without losing sight of bedrock principles), and its adoption of an appropriate level of quantitative rigor for the intended audience of students and new professional hires. The manuscript for this book was reviewed by over 50 professionals in academia, military, and commercial enterprises. These reviewers were among thousands of potential users approached by the publisher and asked to share their expertise and experience in radar training and instruction. Their extensive comments, corrections, and insights ensure that "Principles of Modern Radar" will meet the needs of modern radar educators and students around the world. Written and edited by world-renowned radar instructors and critically reviewed by users before publication, this is truly a radar community-driven book.

Originally published in 1997, this hitherto hard-to-find study examines the impact that construction of radar stations and command facilities had on the American landscape. With accompanying black and white photographs throughout, the author explores patterns, themes, and trends that created, influenced, and formed the backdrop to the Cold War defense radar program. This study provides an in-depth look at the radar systems, a state by state listing of the infrastructure that supported the systems, and an extensive bibliography. This historic content can be used to understand and evaluate properties associated with America's detection and command and control system.

This third edition of Principles of Space-Time Adaptive Processing provides a detailed introduction to the fundamentals of space-time adaptive processing, with emphasis on clutter suppression in airborne or spacebased phased array radar, covering specifically the principles of airborne or spacebased MTI radar for detection of slow moving targets for use in the fields of earth observation, surveillance and reconnaissance, with special attention paid to clutter rejection techniques. The book includes topics such as signal processing, clutter models, array processing, bandwidth effects, non-linear antenna arrays, anti-jamming techniques, adaptive monopulse, bistatic radar configurations, SAR and ISAR, and sonar. After the success of the first and second editions, this third edition has been extensively updated and extended to reflect the numerous advances in the field. A completely new chapter has been added on the impact of the radar range equation, which is of particular importance for radar system designers. This edition concludes with an updated list of more than 750 references on STAP and related topics, representing the worldwide state of-the-art research in space-time adaptive processing. The book will be of particular interest to electronic and aerospace engineers, university lecturers, postgraduate students, research scientists, radar system engineers and managers working in civilian and military airborne and spacebased radar, as well as potential users of air- and spaceborne radar.

This book provides an authoritative account of the current understanding of radar sea clutter, describing its phenomenology, EM scattering and statistical modelling and simulation, and their use in the design of detection systems and the calculation and practical evaluation of radar performance. The book pays particular attention to the compound K distribution model developed by the authors during the past 20 years. The evidence for this model, its mathematical formulation and development and practical application to the specification, design and evaluation of radar systems are all discussed. In addition, the book sets the previously empirical development of the K distribution model in the wider context of recent advances in the calculation of low grazing angle electromagnetic scattering and oceanographic modelling of the statistics of the sea surface. The authors discuss in detail the prediction of the performance of specified radar systems; at the same time, their presentation of the underlying physical principles and analytic and computational techniques employed in these calculations is sufficiently comprehensive for the reader to be well equipped to tackle related problems with confidence. These features, and appendices reviewing pertinent mathematical background material and the calculation of low grazing angle scattering by corrugated surfaces, make this book invaluable to specialist radar engineers and academic researchers, while being of considerable interest to the wider applied physics and mathematics communities.

Since 1958 the Maritime Administration has continuously conducted instructions in use of collision avoidance radar for qualified U.S. seafaring personnel and representatives of interested Federal and State Agencies. Beginning in 1963, to facilitate the expansion of training capabilities and at the same time to provide the most modern techniques in training methods, radar simulators were installed in Maritime Administration's three region schools. It soon became apparent that to properly instruct the trainees, even with the advanced equipment, a standardize up-to-date instruction manual was needed. The first manual was later revised to serve both as a classroom textbook and as an onboard reference handbook. This newly updated manual, the fourth revision, in keeping with Maritime Administration policy, has been restructured to include improved and more effective methods of plotting techniques for use in Ocean, Great Lakes, Coastwise and Inland Waters navigation. Robert J. Blackwell Assistant Secretary for Maritime Affairs

This document describes human factors challenges that need to be considered in the implementation of planned enhancements to the Standard Terminal Automation Replacement System (STARS), Common Automated Radar Terminal System (ARTS), and the ARTS Color Display (ACD) in the Terminal Radar Approach Control (TRACON) environment.

This book text provides an overview of the radar target recognition process and covers the key techniques being developed for operational systems. It is based on the fundamental scientific principles of high resolution radar, and explains how the underlying techniques can be used in real systems, taking into account the characteristics of practical radar system designs and component limitations. It also addresses operational aspects, such as how high resolution modes would fit in with other functions such as detection and tracking.

Ground penetrating radar has come to public attention in recent criminal investigations, but has been a developing and maturing remote sensing field for some time. In the light of recent growth of the technique to a wide range of applications, the need for an up-to-date reference text has become pressing. This fully revised and expanded edition of David Daniels' bestselling text, Surface-Penetrating Radar (IEE, 1996) presents, for the non-specialist user or engineer, all the key elements of this technique, which span several disciplines including electromagnetics, geophysics and signal processing. The book enables the user to assess the potential of the technique and apply it effectively with current technology. The new edition is a greatly expanded treatment of a radar technique that penetrates the surface of the ground or man-made structures and contains many additional contributions by leading experts in the field. Ground penetrating radar is increasingly used to examine archaeological sites, engineering structures (e.g. bridges, roads) etc., and has come to some prominence in forensic investigations. GPR is also used for the detection of landmines. The book presents the principles with an emphasis on practical applications and also includes a CD with many examples of GPR data and processing techniques as Mathcad worksheets.

Richly illustrated, and including both an extensive bibliography and index, this indispensable guide brings together the theory, design, and applications of atmospheric radar. It explains the basic thermodynamics and dynamics of the troposphere, stratosphere, and mesosphere, and discusses the physical and engineering principles behind one of the key tools used to study these regions - MST radars. Key topics covered include antennas, signal propagation, and signal processing techniques. A wide range of practical applications are discussed, including the use of atmospheric radar to study wind profiles, tropospheric temperature, and gravity waves. A detailed overview of radar designs provides a wealth of knowledge and tools, providing readers with a strong basis for building their own instruments. This is an essential resource for graduate students and researchers working in the areas of radar engineering, remote sensing, meteorology, and atmospheric physics, as well as for practitioners in the radar industry.

This book presents a comprehensive tutorial exposition of radar detection using the methods and techniques of mathematical statistics. The material presented is as current and useful to today's engineers as when the book was first published by Prentice-Hall in 1968 and then republished by Artech House in 1980.

The book is divided into six parts. Part I is introductory and describes the nature of the radar detection problem. Part II reviews the mathematical tools necessary for a study of detection theory. Part III contains tutorial expositions in a radar context of the classical signal-to-noise and a posteriori theories, both of which have played important roles in the evolution of modern radar.

The unifying theme of the book is provided by statistical decision theory, introduced in the last chapter of Part III, which provides the framework for the chapters that follow. The first three chapters of Part IV contain a unified tutorial exposition of single and multiple hit detection theory. The last two chapters are respectively devoted to the use of the radar equation and a discussion of cumulative detection probability. The latter includes a procedure for minimizing the power-aperture product of a search radar. The performance of near-optimum multiple hit detection strategies are considered in Part V. These include binary and pulse train detection strategies.

The first chapter in Part VI applies sequential detection theory to the radar detection problem. It includes the Marcus and Swerling test strategy and a two-step approximation to sequential detection. The second chapter contains the development of Bayes decision rules and Bayes receivers for optimizing the detection ofmultiple targets with unknown parameters, such as range, velocity, angle, etc.

Principles of Radar and Sonar Signal Processing offers you a thorough presentation of the latest technologies in conventional and adaptive signal processing theory, and covers techniques for detailed analysis of physical signatures of targets and clutter. You learn how target signature analysis provides you with a better understanding of the various techniques used in anechoic chambers and modern radar systems.

Extensively supported with over 440 equations and more than 110 illustrations.

What is radar? What systems are currently in use? How do they work? Understanding Radar Systems provides engineers and scientists with answers to these critical questions, focusing on actual radar systems in use today. It's the perfect resource for those just entering the field or a quick refresher for experienced practitioners. The book leads readers through the specialized language and calculations that comprise the complex world of modern radar engineering as seen in dozens of state-of-the-art radar systems. The authors stress practical concepts that apply to all radar, keeping math to a minimum. Most of the book is based on real radar systems rather than theoretical studies. The result is a valuable, easy-to-use guide that makes the difficult parts of the field easier and helps readers do performance calculations quickly and easily.