Over the last ten years, the numbers of unmanned air vehicles (UAVs) or "drones" have changed from being just a few specialist systems, used for scientific data gathering and military purposes, to them proliferating in huge numbers. They are used across a broad range of different leisure, commercial and military activities. UAVs can be used for: movement of items in factories for manufacturing, passenger and freight transportation, can take various roles in the agriculture and forestry industries (dispensing seeds, watering and monitoring crops), remote sensing for the oil and gas industries, traffic flow monitoring, support of emergency services, hobbies, security, military and many other applications. The expansion in the use of unmanned air vehicles has come about due to the development of low cost, high performance stable platforms, employing equally low-cost communication and navigation systems supplemented by simple to use software and interfaces. Therefore, there is a need to be able to monitor the rapidly changing use of airspace, especially at low and normally neglected altitudes to ensure UAVs do not compromise safety or are used for malicious purposes. Radar is the only sensor able to perform this function on a 24-hour, all weather, wide-area basis. This book, concerned with radar surveillance of UAVs, has been compiled using contributions from the leading experts around the world to create a single body of knowledge on this important, yet still emerging, topic. It is aimed at advanced students and researchers with an interest in radar systems.

This highly-anticipated second edition of an Artech House classic covers several key radar analysis areas: the radar range equation, detection theory, ambiguity functions, waveforms, antennas, active arrays, receivers and signal processors, CFAR and chaff analysis. Readers will be able to predict the detection performance of a radar system using the radar range equation, its various parameters, matched filter theory, and Swerling target models. The performance of various signal processors, single pulse, pulsed Doppler, LFM, NLFM, and BPSK, are discussed, taking into account factors including MTI processing, integration gain, weighting loss and straddling loss. The details of radar analysis are covered from a mathematical perspective, with in-depth breakdowns of radar performance in the presence of clutter. Readers will be able to determine the nose temperature of a multi-channel receiver as it is used in active arrays. With the addition of three new chapters on moving target detectors, inverse synthetic aperture radar (ISAR) and constant false alarm rate (CFAR) and new MATLAB codes, this expanded second edition will appeal to the novice as well as the experienced practitioner.

Novel deep learning approaches are achieving state-of-the-art accuracy in the area of radar target recognition, enabling applications beyond the scope of human-level performance. This book provides an introduction to the unique aspects of machine learning for radar signal processing that any scientist or engineer seeking to apply these technologies ought to be aware of. The book begins with three introductory chapters on radar systems and phenomenology, machine learning principles, and optimization for training common deep neural network (DNN) architectures. Subsequently, the book summarizes radar-specific issues relating to the different domain representations in which radar data may be presented to DNNs and synthetic data generation for training dataset augmentation. Further chapters focus on specific radar applications, which relate to DNN design for micro-Doppler analysis, SAR-based automatic target recognition, radar remote sensing, and emerging fields, such as data fusion and image reconstruction. Edited by an acknowledged expert, and with contributions from an international team of authors, this book provides a solid introduction to the fundamentals of radar and machine learning, and then goes on to explore a range of technologies, applications and challenges in this developing field. This book is also a valuable resource for both radar engineers seeking to learn more about deep learning, as well as computer scientists who are seeking to explore novel applications of machine learning. In an era where the applications of RF sensing are multiplying by the day, this book serves as an easily accessible primer on the nuances of deep learning for radar applications.

This book provides an overview of radar waveform synthesis obtained as the result of computational optimization processes and covers the most challenging application fields. The book balances a practical point of view with a rigorous mathematical approach corroborated with a wealth of numerical study cases and some real experiments. Additionally, the book has a cross-disciplinary approach because it exploits cross-fertilization with the recent research and discoveries in optimization theory. The material of the book is organized into ten chapters, each one completed with a comprehensive list of references. The following topics are covered: recent advances of binary sequence designs and their applications; quadratic optimization for unimodular sequence synthesis and applications; a computational design of phase-only (possibly binary) sequences for radar systems; constrained radar code design for spectrally congested environments via quadratic optimization; robust transmit code and receive filter design for extended targets detection in clutter; optimizing radar transceiver for Doppler processing via non-convex programming; radar waveform design via the majorization-minimization framework; Lagrange programming neural network for radar waveform design; cognitive local ambiguity function shaping with spectral coexistence and experiments; and relative entropy based waveform design for MIMO radar. Targeted at an audience of radar engineers and researchers, this book provides thorough and up-to-date coverage of optimisation theory for radar waveform design.

This book covers the latest advances in optimal and adaptive MIMO radar for enhanced detection and target ID in challenging environments and demonstrates its utility in real-world applications. It discusses signal processing prerequisites, such as radar signals, orthogonal waveforms, matched filtering, multi-channel beam forming, and Doppler processing. It also outlines MIMO implantation challenges like computational complexity, adaptive clutter mitigation, calibration and equalization, and hardware constraints. The book contains exclusive flight testing data from DARPA, and digs into applications for GMTI radar, OTH radar, maritime radar, and automotive radar.

Synthetic aperture radar and inverse synthetic aperture radar (SAR/ISAR) images have been largely used for monitoring small to large areas and more specifically for target recognition/identification. However, the technology has limitations due to the use of classical monostatic, single channel, single frequency and single polarization systems. To overcome these limitations, solutions have been proposed that show the benefit of using multiple frequencies, spatial channels, polarisations and perspective, in one word multi-dimensional radar imaging systems when dealing with non-cooperative targets. Multidimensional Radar Imaging introduces a new framework within which to address the problem of radar imaging and target recognition as it jointly looks at optimising the use of multiple channels to significantly outperform classical radar imaging systems. It has been used in the military within NATO for the last few years and the technology is now declassified. Topics covered include three-dimensional ISAR; STAP-ISAR; wide-band multi-look passive ISAR; radar tomography; multistatic PCL-SAR; fusion of multistatic ISAR images with large angular separation; rotor blade parameter estimation with multichannel passive radar; multistatic 3D ISAR imaging of maritime targets; challenges of semi-cooperative bi/multistatic SAR using Cosmo SkyMEd as an illuminator; and lessons learnt from the NATO SET-196 RTG on multi-channel/multi-static radar imaging of non-cooperative targets.

Human hands are natural tools for performing actions and gestures that interact with the physical world. Radar technology allows for touchless wireless gesture sensing by transmitting radio frequency (RF) signals to the target, analyzing the backscattering reflections to extract the target's movements, and thereby accurately detecting gestures for Human Computer Interaction (HCI). A key advantage of this technology is that it allows interaction with machines without any need to attach a sensing device to the hands. Led by researchers from Google's Project Soli, the authors introduce the concept and underpinning technology, cover all design phases, and provide researchers and professionals with the latest advances and innovations in microwave and millimeter wave radar sensing to capture relative movements such as micro gestures.

Radar and Communication Spectrum Sharing addresses the growing conflict over use of the radio-frequency spectrum by different systems, such as civil and security applications of radar and consumer use for wireless communications. The increasing demand for this finite resource is driving innovation into new ways in which these diverse systems can cohabit the spectrum. The book provides a broad survey of recent and ongoing work on the topic of spectrum sharing, with an emphasis on identifying the technology gaps for practical realization and the regulatory and measurement compliance aspects of this problem space. The introductory section sets the scene, making the case for spectrum access and reviewing spectrum use, congestion, lessons learned, ways forward and research areas. The book then covers system engineering perspectives, the issues involved with addressing interference, and radar/communication co-design strategies. With contributions from an international panel of experts, this book is essential reading for researchers, engineers and advanced students in radar, communications, navigation, and electronic warfare whose work is impacted by spectrum engineering requirements.

"A well-constructed and concisely written book, incorporating a balanced combination of textual explanations and well-presented mathematical descriptions, which serves both as an introduction to many important aspects of radar but also as an extensive exercise in the usage and application of both the MATLAB and Python programming applications. It is eminently readable and understandable. I assess that it is probably most relevant to post graduate student scientists and engineers requiring a moderately detailed understanding of aspects of radar with a view to practical applications" Aerospace Magazine This comprehensive resource provides readers with the tools necessary to perform analysis of various waveforms for use in radar systems. It provides information about how to produce synthetic aperture (SAR) images by giving a tomographic formulation and implementation for SAR imaging. Tracking filter fundamentals, and each parameter associated with the filter and how each affects tracking performance are also presented. Various radar cross section measurement techniques are covered, along with waveform selection analysis through the study of the ambiguity function for each particular waveform from simple linear frequency modulation (LFM) waveforms to more complicated coded waveforms. The text includes the Python tool suite, which allows the reader to analyze and predict radar performance for various scenarios and applications. Also provided are MATLAB (R) scripts corresponding to the Python tools. The software includes a user-friendly graphical user interface (GUI) that provides visualizations of the concepts being covered. Users have full access to both the Python and MATLAB source code to modify for their application. With examples using the tool suite are given at the end of each chapter, this text gives readers a clear understanding of how important target scattering is in areas of target detection, target tracking, pulse integration, and target discrimination.

Novel Radar Techniques and Applications presents the state-of-the-art in advanced radar, with emphasis on ongoing novel research and development and contributions from an international team of leading radar experts. This volume covers: Real aperture array radar, including target parameter estimation and array radar features; robust direct data domain processing; and array radar operation management. Imaging radar, including VideoSAR imaging for real-time persistence; high-resolution wide-swath SAR; interferometric SAR imaging; space-based SAR-Ground moving target indication; 3D & tomographic SAR imaging; bi- and monostatic SAR-GMTI; multistatic and MIMO ISAR techniques; and focussing moving objects using the VSAR algorithm. Passive and multistatic radar, including bistatic clutter modeling; airborne passive radar; forward scatter radar; through the wall imaging radar; short-range passive radar potentialities; GNSS-based passive radar; passive radar with airborne receivers; multi-illuminator and multistatic passive radar; and passive MIMO radar networks.

Novel Radar Techniques and Applications presents the state-of-the-art in advanced radar, with emphasis on ongoing novel research and development and contributions from an international team of leading radar experts. Each section gives an overview of the latest research and perspectives of the future, and includes a number of chapters dedicated to specific techniques in conjunction with existing operational, experimental or conceptual applications. This volume covers: Waveform diversity and cognitive radar, including holistic design of physical radar emissions; waveform design for spectral coexistence; adaptive OFDM waveform design for spatio-temporal-sparsity exploited STAP radar; applications of noise radar; bioinspired radar techniques; concept of the intelligent radar network; clutter diversity; and cognitive radar management. Target tracking and data fusion, including posterior Cramer-Rao bounds for target tracking; tracking and fusion in log-spherical state space with application to collision avoidance and kinematic ranging; multistatic tracking for passive radar applications; radar-based ground surveillance; multiplatform radar surveillance for aerial and maritime surveillance; person tracking and data fusion for UWB radar applications; and sensor management for radar networks.

Nature presents examples of active sensing which are unique, sophisticated and incredibly fascinating. There are animals that sense the environment actively, for example through echolocation, which have evolved their capabilities over millions of years and that, as a result of evolution, have developed unique in-built sensing mechanisms that are often the envy of synthetic systems. This book presents some of the recent work that has been carried out to investigate how sophisticated sensing techniques used in nature can be applied to radar and sonar systems to improve their performance. Topics covered include biosonar inspired signal processing and acoustic imaging from echolocating bats; enhanced range resolution: comparison with the matched filter; air-coupled sonar systems inspired by bat echolocation; analysis of acoustic echoes from bat-pollinated plants; the biosonar arms race between bats and insects; biologically inspired coordination of guidance and adaptive radiated waveform for interception and rendezvous problems; cognitive sensor/ processor system framework for target tracking; the biosonar of the Mediterranean bottlenose dolphins; human echolocation; and polarization tensors and object recognition in weakly electric fish. Biologically-Inspired Radar and Sonar is essential reading for radar and sonar practitioners in academia and research, governmental and industrial organisations, engineers working in signal processing and sensing, and those with an underlying interest in the interaction between natural sciences and engineering.

Developed by recognized experts in the field, this first-of-its-kind resource provides an overview of the basic principles of passive radar technology, real passive radar systems and new developments in the industry. It explains in-depth how passive radar works and how it differs from the active type, while demonstrating the benefits and drawbacks of the technology. The book also explores properties of ambiguity functions, digital vs. analog, digitally-coded waveforms, vertical-plane coverage, and satellite-borne and radar illuminators. The book functions as a practical guide on direct signal suppression, passive radar performance prediction and detection and tracking. It contains concrete examples of systems and results, including analog TV, FM radio, cell phone base stations, DVB-T and DAB, HF skywave transmissions, indoor WiFi and low-cost scientific remote sensing.

This authoritative new resource presents fundamentals of radar analysis including the range equation, detection theory, ambiguity functions, antennas, receivers, SP, and chaff analysis for modern radars. This book addresses details behind the detection probability equations and origins radar engineers commonly use to perform signal processor analyses. This book consolidates discussions of receiver design and analysis and treats areas of digital receivers not commonly found in other books. Packed with details on how to perform radar range equation and detection analyses, RCS modeling, ambiguity function generation and antenna pattern generation. This book also includes detailed analyses of coherent and non-coherent integration, design and analysis of analog and digital receivers, stretch processor implementation and SAR signal processor implementation. This resource also covers Basic STAP implementation and analysis as well as SLC design and implementation.This book is accompanied by a MATLAB on CD. This new resource is intended as a text for a series of courses in radar and as a theory and practice reference for practicing radar engineers.

Recently, various algorithms for radar signal detection that rely heavily upon complicated processing and/or antenna architectures have been the subject of much interest. These techniques owe their genesis to several factors. One is revolutionary technological advances in high-speed signal processing hardware and digital array radar technology. Another is the stress on requirements often imposed by defence applications in areas such as airborne early warning and homeland security. This book explores these emerging research thrusts in radar detection with advanced radar systems capable of operating in challenging scenarios with a plurality of interference sources, both man-made and natural. Topics covered include: adaptive radar detection in Gaussian interference with unknown spectral properties; invariance theory as an instrument to force the Constant False Alarm Rate (CFAR) property at the design stage; one- and two-stage detectors and their performances; operating scenarios where a small number of training data for spectral estimation is available; Bayesian radar detection to account for prior information in the interference covariance matrix; and radar detection in the presence of non-Gaussian interference. Detector design techniques based on a variety of criteria are thoroughly presented and CFAR issues are discussed. Performance analyses representative of practical airborne, as well as ground-based and shipborne, radar situations are shown. Results on real radar data are also discussed. Modern Radar Detection Theory provides a comprehensive reference on the latest developments in adaptive radar detection for researchers, advanced students and engineers working on statistical signal processing and its applications to radar systems.