Deep in the beautiful Worcestershire countryside lie a number of secret places that played a special part in protecting a generation from the onslaught of a world war. Travellers passing through leafy Worcestershire lanes may catch a glimpse of a structure that seems out of place against the backdrop of fields and hills – the dish of a gigantic radio telescope. How did such an incongruous structure arrive in the middle of nowhere, and what does it do? This book answers the question, and recounts the dramatic history of two 'Top Secret' wartime airfields, and how their activities were inextricably linked to the 'boffins' of the Malvern Telecommunications Research Establishment. It tells the story of brilliant inventions, wartime courage and sacrifice, tragic air crashes, and ordinary and extraordinary people, pushing themselves and their machines to the limit and beyond. Crafted using personal recollections – the book reveals the truly extraordinary wartime commitment and camaraderie that fuelled extraordinary endeavour and achievement.

The storing, handling, and processing of bulk solid materials is fundamental to nearly every manufacturing and processing industry, from the food industry and agribusiness, to the plastics industry, to the mining and cement industries, to coal-fired electric utilities. This concise introduction to the use of radar for measuring solid materials in solution or in dispersion provides useful applications for industrial processing and manufacturing. It is a boon to industrial engineers, controls engineers, and manufacturing technicians who want to quickly learn about the great potential for automating processes heretofore considered too difficult by using radar-based sensing for solids measurement.

Principles of Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging: A System Simulation Approach demonstrates the use of image simulation for SAR. It covers the various applications of SAR (including feature extraction, target classification, and change detection), provides a complete understanding of SAR principles, and illustrates the complete chain of a SAR operation. The book places special emphasis on a ground-based SAR, but also explains space and air-borne systems. It contains chapters on signal speckle, radar-signal models, sensor-trajectory models, SAR-image focusing, platform-motion compensation, and microwave-scattering from random media. While discussing SAR image focusing and motion compensation, it presents processing algorithms and applications that feature extraction, target classification, and change detection. It also provides samples of simulation on various scenarios, and includes simulation flowcharts and results that are detailed throughout the book. Introducing SAR imaging from a systems point of view, the author: Considers the recent development of MIMO SAR technology Includes selected GPU implementation Provides a numerical analysis of system parameters (including platforms, sensor, and image focusing, and their influence) Explores wave-target interactions, signal transmission and reception, image formation, motion compensation Covers all platform motion compensation and error analysis, and their impact on final image radiometric and geometric quality Describes a ground-based SFMCW system Principles of Synthetic Aperture Radar Imaging: A System Simulation Approach is dedicated to the use, study, and development of SAR systems. The book focuses on image formation or focusing, treats platform motion and image focusing, and is suitable for students, radar engineers, and microwave remote sensing researchers.

Until the 1990s, almost all spectrum licenses were given away practically for free-even the first mobile licenses which laid the foundation for multi-billion dollar companies that dominate stock markets around the world. In the past fifteen years, there has been a concerted attempt to liberalise the sector and make it more open to market forces. This book examines this attempt. Exploring the new frontier for spectrum policy, Understanding Spectrum Liberalisation identifies the successes and failures of the main policy initiatives of the past decade. It explains, in layman's terms, the technical and policy background needed to understand these debates. For those already working in the field, the book provides a lively analysis of recent policy initiatives along with an authoritative interpretation of the latest developments in spectrum policy. It examines individual liberalisation initiatives in detail and explains the logic behind moves towards spectrum sharing, which is seen as the next policy phase. This book will help non-specialists climb the formidable learning curve quickly. It is ideal for those who have just become involved in the spectrum field, whether in industry, government, or as a regulator, as well as those with expertise in one area of spectrum management who want to learn more about the other areas. History is about the concerns of the present, so the saying goes, and the authors hope that their interpretation of the very recent past will stimulate debate about future policy and help you make substantive contributions to ongoing policy debates.

Your cutting-edge introduction to radar signal processing-fully updated for the latest advances This up-to-date guide provides in-depth coverage of the full breadth of foundational radar signal processing methods of waveform design, Doppler processing, detection, tracking, imaging, and adaptive processing from a digital signal processing perspective. The techniques of linear systems, filtering, sampling, and Fourier analysis are used throughout to provide a unified tutorial approach. Developed from the author's extensive academic and professional experience, Fundamentals of Radar Signal Processing, Third Edition has been revised and updated throughout. Readers will find the solid foundations of earlier editions enhanced with new material on such topics as keystone formatting, detection in spiky clutter, range migration and backprojection imaging, virtual arrays, ground moving target indication, and many more. Presents complete coverage of foundational digital radar signal processing techniques Integrates linear FMCW techniques of emerging fields such as automotive radar with pulsed methods Includes additional homework problems in all chapters Comes with an online suite of answer keys, solutions manuals, tutorial MATLAB demos, and technical notes

This fully revised new edition covers the complete radar/ARPA installation and serves as the most comprehensive and up-to-date reference on equipment and techniques for radar observers using older and newer systems alike. Suitable for use as a professional reference or as a training text, the book covers all aspects of radar, ARPA and integrated bridge systems technology (including AIS, ECDIS and GNSS) and their role in shipboard operations. It is a valuable resource for larger vessels and also covers the needs of leisure and amateur sailors for whom this technology is now accessible.

"Radar and ARPA Manual" provides essential information for professional mariners, including those on training courses for electronic navigation systems and professional certificates internationally. Reference is made throughout to IMO (International Maritime Organization) Performance Standards, the role of radar in navigation and in collision avoidance, and to international professional and amateur marine operations qualifications.
The most up-to-date book available, with comprehensive treatment of modern radar and ARPA systems and ECDIS (Electronic Chart Display & Information Systems) Full coverage of IMO performance standards relating to radar and navigational technology on new and established vessels Covers best practice use of equipment as well as underlying principles, with essential mathematics and complicated concepts illustrated through the use of clear illustrations

This book provides a full representation of Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar (ISAR) imagery, which is a popular and important radar signal processing tool. The book covers all possible aspects of ISAR imaging. The book offers a fair amount of signal processing techniques and radar basics before introducing the inverse problem of ISAR and the forward problem of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). Important concepts of SAR such as resolution, pulse compression and image formation are given together with associated MATLAB codes.

After providing the fundamentals for ISAR imaging, the book gives the detailed imaging procedures for ISAR imaging with associated MATLAB functions and codes. To enhance the image quality in ISAR imaging, several imaging tricks and fine-tuning procedures such as zero-padding and windowing are also presented. Finally, various real applications of ISAR imagery, like imaging the antenna-platform scattering, are given in a separate chapter. For all these algorithms, MATLAB codes and figures are included. The final chapter considers advanced concepts and trends in ISAR imaging.

Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) is a well-known remote sensing technique, but conventional single-antenna SAR is inherently limited by the minimum antenna area constraint. Although there are still technical issues to overcome, multi-antenna SAR offers many benefits, from improved system gain to increased degrees-of-freedom and system flexibility. Multi-Antenna Synthetic Aperture Radar explores the potential and challenges of using multi-antenna SAR in microwave remote sensing applications. These applications include high-resolution imaging, wide-swath remote sensing, ground moving target indication, and 3-D imaging. The book pays particular attention to the signal processing aspects of various multi-antenna SAR from a top-level system perspective. Explore Recent Extensions of Synthetic Aperture Radar Systems The backbone of the book is a series of innovative microwave remote sensing approaches developed by the author. Centered around multi-antenna SAR imaging, these approaches address specific challenges and potential problems in future microwave remote sensing. Chapters examine single-input multiple-output (SIMO) multi-antenna SAR, including azimuth and elevation multi-antenna SAR, and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) SAR. The book details the corresponding system scheme, signal models, time/phase/spatial synchronization methods, and high-precision imaging algorithms. It also investigates their potential applications. Introductory Tutorials and Novel Approaches in Multi-Antenna SAR Imaging Rigorous and self-contained, this is a unique reference for researchers and industry professionals working with microwave remote sensing, SAR imaging, and radar signal processing. In addition to novel approaches, the book also presents tutorials that serve as an introduction to multi-antenna SAR imaging for those who are new to the field.

An essential task in radar systems is to find an appropriate solution to the problems related to robust signal processing and the definition of signal parameters. Signal Processing in Radar Systems addresses robust signal processing problems in complex radar systems and digital signal processing subsystems. It also tackles the important issue of defining signal parameters. The book presents problems related to traditional methods of synthesis and analysis of the main digital signal processing operations. It also examines problems related to modern methods of robust signal processing in noise, with a focus on the generalized approach to signal processing in noise under coherent filtering. In addition, the book puts forth a new problem statement and new methods to solve problems of adaptation and control by functioning processes. Taking a systems approach to designing complex radar systems, it offers readers guidance in solving optimization problems. Organized into three parts, the book first discusses the main design principles of the modern robust digital signal processing algorithms used in complex radar systems. The second part covers the main principles of computer system design for these algorithms and provides real-world examples of systems. The third part deals with experimental measurements of the main statistical parameters of stochastic processes. It also defines their estimations for robust signal processing in complex radar systems. Written by an internationally recognized professor and expert in signal processing, this book summarizes investigations carried out over the past 30 years. It supplies practitioners, researchers, and students with general principles for designing the robust digital signal processing algorithms employed by complex radar systems.

This new handbook on radar signal analysis adopts a deliberate and systematic approach. It uses a clear and consistent level of delivery while maintaining strong and easy-to-follow mathematical details. The emphasis of this book is on radar signal types and their relevant signal processing and not on radar systems hardware or components. This handbook serves as a valuable reference to a wide range of audience. More specifically, college-level students, practicing radar engineers, as well as casual readers of the subject are the intended target audience of the first few chapters of this book. As the book chapters progress, these grow in complexity and specificity. Accordingly, later chapters are intended for practicing engineers, graduate college students, and advanced readers. Finally, the last few chapters contain several special topics on radar systems that are both educational and scientifically entertaining to all readers. The presentation of topics in this handbook takes the reader on a scientific journey whose major landmarks comprise the different radar subsystems and components. In this context, the chapters follow the radar signal along this journey from its birth to the end of its life. Along the way, the different relevant radar subsystems are analyzed and discussed in great detail. The chapter contributors of this new handbook comprise experienced academia members and practicing radar engineers. Their combined years of academic and real-world experiences are in excess of 175. Together, they bring a unique, easy-to-follow mix of mathematical and practical presentations of the topics discussed in this book. See the "Chapter Contributors" section to learn more about these individuals.

Expanding the range of antenna frequency is the main objective of this book. Solutions proposed are based on the development of new theoretical methods for analyzing and synthesizing antennas. The book shows that concentrated capacitive loads connected along linear and V-antennas provide a high level of matching with a cable over a wide frequency range and improves directional characteristics of antennas, i.e. increases the communication distance. New theoretical methods are proposed for analysis and synthesis of antennas under consideration: 1) method of calculating directional characteristics of radiators with a given current distribution, and 2) method of electrostatic analogy for calculating mutual and total fields of complex multi-element radiating structures. These methods allow us to obtain optimal directional characteristics for director-type antennas (arrays of Yagi-Uda) and log-periodic antennas with concentrated capacitances and show that use of capacitors makes it possible to extend the frequency range of the director antennas and to decrease dimensions of the log-periodic antennas Multi-element (flat and three-dimensional) self-complementary antennas with different variants of connecting generator poles and cable wires to antenna elements are proposed, which improves the matching with a cable. Characteristics of flat structures are compared with characteristics of volume structures: conical, parabolic, and located on a pyramid edges. The book describes new versions of transparent antennas, antennas for cellular communication, multi-tier and multi-radiator antennas, and much more.

Constant false alarm rate detection processes are important in radar signal processing. Such detection strategies are used as an alternative to optimal Neyman-Pearson based decision rules, since they can be implemented as a sliding window process running on a radar range-Doppler map. This book examines the development of such detectors in a modern framework. With a particular focus on high resolution X-band maritime surveillance radar, recent approaches are outlined and examined. Performance is assessed when the detectors are run in real X-band radar clutter. The book introduces relevant mathematical tools to allow the reader to understand the development, and follow its implementation.

Ultra-wideband (UWB), short-pulse (SP) electromagnetics are now being used for an increasingly wide variety of applications, including collision avoidance radar, concealed object detection, and communications. Notable progress in UWB and SP technologies has been achieved by investigations of their theoretical bases and improvements in solid-state manufacturing, computers, and digitizers. UWB radar systems are also being used for mine clearing, oil pipeline inspections, archeology, geology, and electronic effects testing. Ultra-wideband Short-Pulse Electromagnetics 9 presents selected papers of deep technical content and high scientific quality from the UWB-SP9 Conference, which was held from July 21-25, 2008, in Lausanne, Switzerland. The wide-ranging coverage includes contributions on electromagnetic theory, time-domain computational techniques, modeling techniques, antennas, pulsed-power, UWB interactions, radar systems, UWB communications, broadband systems and components. This book serves as a state-of-the-art reference for scientists and engineers working in these applications areas.

Ground-penetrating radar (GPR) is a rapidly developing field that has seen tremendous progress over the past 15 years. The development of GPR spans aspects of geophysical science, technology, and a wide range of scientific and engineering applications. It is the breadth of applications that has made GPR such a valuable tool in the geophysical consulting and geotechnical engineering industries, has lead to its rapid development, and inspired new areas of research in academia. The topic of GPR has gone from not even being mentioned in geophysical texts ten years ago to being the focus of hundreds of research papers and special issues of journals dedicated to the topic. The explosion of primary literature devoted to GPR technology, theory and applications, has lead to a strong demand for an up-to-date synthesis and overview of this rapidly developing field. Because there are specifics in the utilization of GPR for different applications, a review of the current state of development of the applications along with the fundamental theory is required. This book will provide sufficient detail to allow both practitioners and newcomers to the area of GPR to use it as a handbook and primary research reference.
*Review of GPR theory and applications by leaders in the field
*Up-to-date information and references
*Effective handbook and primary research reference for both experienced practitioners and newcomers

Radar scattering and imaging of rough surfaces is an active interdisciplinary area of research with many practical applications in fields such as mineral and resource exploration, ocean and physical oceanography, military and national defense, planetary exploration, city planning and land use, environmental science, and many more. By focusing on the most advanced analytical and numerical modeling and describing both forward and inverse modeling, Radar Scattering and Imaging of Rough Surfaces: Modeling and Applications with MATLAB (R) connects the scattering process to imaging techniques by vivid examples through numerical and experimental demonstrations and provides computer codes and practical uses. This book is unique in its simultaneous treatment of radar scattering and imaging. Key Features Bridges physical modeling with simulation for resolving radar imaging problems (the first comprehensive work to do so) Provides excellent basic and advanced information for microwave remote-sensing professionals in various fields of science and engineering Covers most advanced analytical and numerical modeling for both backscattering and bistatic scattering Includes MATLAB (R) codes useful not only for academics but also for radar engineers and scientists to develop tools applicable in different areas of earth studies Covering both the theoretical and the practical, Radar Scattering and Imaging of Rough Surfaces: Modeling and Applications with MATLAB (R) is an invaluable resource for professionals and students using remote sensing to study and explain the Earth and its processes. University and research institutes, electrical and radar engineers, remote-sensing image users, application software developers, students, and academics alike will benefit from this book. The author, Kun-Shan Chen, is an internationally known and respected engineer and scientist and an expert in the field of electromagnetic modeling.

From the basic principles through to more in-depth expertise, Essential Boat Radar is your no-nonsense introduction to radar.

It guides you into the subject by providing sufficient information to understand what's going on, proceeding directly with basic radar use.

Bill Johnson clearly explains what radar is, outlining what is does and doesn't do. He describes how to make simple adjustments to get a decent picture, and explores how to use the basic radar. This is followed by greater information on the various confusions and anomalies that the picture can present, progressing to the more complex functionality of a modern digital (raster) set. Finally, you learn the key elements to consider when choosing a radar system for your boat, and also how to install it.

Essential Boat Radar includes full explanation of what radar does, and how it does it
how to use radar for collision avoidance, with reference to the relevant COLREGS
how to use radar for navigation and pilotage
practical exercises for using radar
detail on related subjects, such as: AIS, radar reflectors
guidance on choosing and installing radar systems

This book presents the latest theory, developments, and applications related to high resolution materials-penetrating sensor systems. An international team of expert researchers explains the problems and solutions for developing new techniques and applications. Subject areas include ultrawideband (UWB) signals propagation and scattering, materials-penetrating radar techniques for small object detection and imaging, biolocation using holographic techniques, tomography, medical applications, nondestructive testing methods, electronic warfare principles, through-the-wall radar propagation effects, and target identification through measuring the target return signal spectrum changes.

The development of radar resolution theory is examined in this text. Key topics include the capabilities and limits of radar, the details of radar design, fundamentals of waveform analysis, pulse compression waveforms, coherent pulse trains and detection clutter.

A unique, easy-to-use guide to radar tracking and Kalman filtering

This book presents the first truly accessible treatment of radar tracking; Kalman, Swerling, and Bayes filters for linear and nonlinear ballistic and satellite tracking systems; and the voltage-processing methods (Givens, Householder, and Gram-Schmidt) for least-squares filtering to correct for computer round-off errors. Tracking and Kalman Filtering Made Easy emphasizes the physical and geometric aspects of radar filters as well as the beauty and simplicity of their mathematics. An abundance of design equations, procedures, and curves allows readers to design tracking filters quickly and test their performance using only a pocket calculator!

The text incorporates problems and solutions, figures and photographs, and astonishingly simple derivations for various filters. It tackles problems involving clutter returns, redundant target detections, inconsistent data, track-start and track-drop rules, data association, matched filtering, tracking with chirp waveform, and more. The book also covers useful techniques such as the moving target detector (MTD) clutter rejection technique. All explanations are given in clear and simple terms, including:

• The voltage-processing approach to least-squares filtering
• The correlation between such procedures as discrete orthogonal Legendre polynomial (DOLP) and voltage processing
• The mathematical sameness of tracking and estimation problems on the one hand, and sidelobe canceling and adaptive array processing on the other
• The massively parallel systolic array sidelobe canceler processor
• Important computational accuracy issues
• An appended comparison between the Kalman and the Swerling filters, written by Dr. Peter Swerling

Tracking and Kalman Filtering Made Easy is invaluable for engineers, scientists, and mathematicians involved in tracking filter design. Its straightforward approach makes it an excellent textbook for senior-undergraduate and first-year graduate courses.

An advanced treatment of the main concepts of radar. Systematic and organized, it nicely balances readability with mathematical rigor. Many techniques and examples have been chosen from the radar industry (Rayleigh fluctuating targets are used as they yield simple expressions for the probability of detection), and others for their pedagogical value (Costas signals lead the coded radar signals because their ambiguity function can be intuitively deduced). Ordered statistics is covered in more depth than other CFAR techniques because its performance can be obtained analytically without resorting to simulation methods. Contains many exercises.
An Instructor's Manual presenting detailed solutions to all the problems in the book is available from the Wiley editorial department.

A comprehensive introduction to radar principles

This volume fills a need in industry and universities for a comprehensive introductory text on radar principles. Well-organized and pedagogically driven, this book focuses on basic and optimum methods of realizing radar operations, covers modern applications, and provides a detailed, sophisticated mathematical treatment. Author Peyton Z. Peebles, Jr., draws on an extensive review of existing radar literature to present a selection of the most fundamental topics. He clearly explains general principles, such as wave propagation and signal theory, before advancing to more complex topics involving aspects of measurement and tracking. The last chapter provides a self-contained treatment of digital signal processing, which can be explored independently. Ample teaching and self-study help is incorporated throughout, including:

• Numerous worked-out examples illustrating radar theory
• Many end-of-chapter problems
• Hundreds of illustrations, including system block diagrams, demonstrating how radar functions are achieved
• Appended review material and useful mathematical formulas
• An extensive bibliography and references.

Radar Principles is destined to become the standard text on radar for graduate and senior-level courses in electrical engineering departments as well as industrial courses. It is also an excellent reference for engineers who are typically required to learn radar principles on the job, and for anyone working in radar-related industries as well as in aerospace and naval research.

This practical, hands-on reference/text comprehensively reviews the most effective radar tracking filter methods and their associated digital filtering algorithms-keying on newly developed systems for eliminating the real-time execution of complete recursive Kalman filtering matrix equations that significantly reduce tracking and updating time. Focuses on the role of tracking filters in operations of Radar Data Processors (RDPs) for satellites, missiles, aircraft, ships, submarines, and RPVs. Reflecting the author's three decades of experience in the development of tracking filters for radar applications, Kalman Filtering Techniques for Radar Tracking discusses continuous-time, discrete-time, and continuous/discrete-time formulations of Kalman filter theory analyzes systems for tracking aircraft in one dimension, as well as use of the Cartesian coordinate system for tracking in two and three dimensions estimates optimum state of the aircraft using noisy data obtained by track-while-scan radar sensors describes tracking filters for application to multitarget tracking addresses steady-state solutions of the ECV, ECA, and random walk velocity and acceleration models illustrates how computer tracking filters "purify" report data distorted by range and angular noise and more Containing helpful end-of-chapter summaries and over 700 equations and illustrations, Kalman Filtering Techniques for Radar Tracking is an exemplary reference for electrical, electronics, robotics, computer, and aerospace engineers, and an outstanding text for upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.

This book presents a comprehensive set of radar and electronic warfare principles including many of the latest applications in a clear and consistent manner. Following on from the 3rd edition of this book (2004) Radar and Electronic Warfare Principles for the Non-specialist, 4th Edition, remains true to the traditional strength of the book, providing radar principles for the non-specialist, and also now introducing EW principles. All radar-related material has been reviewed, revised and enhanced as necessary. New to this edition: Significant revisions to; target signal-to-noise ratio, target detection theory, array antennas, radar measurements and tracking, and target signatures The addition of new EW-related material addressing electronic support (ES), electronic attack (EA), and electronic protection (EP) The advanced radar concepts chapter has been revised, including the addition of a section on modern multi-function, -mode, -mission radar systems. Most of the chapters are stand-alone allowing the reader to be selective and still benefit from the content. Exercises at the end of each chapter are provided to reinforce the concepts presented and illustrate their applications, making this book ideal for academic learning, training courses or self-study. Topics covered include: electromagnetic propagation, target detection, antennas, measurements and tracking, radar cross section and system applications. By reading this book, you should expect to be able to conduct a respectable, first-order radar system design or analysis and perform a first-order EW system design or analysis. This book will also provide you with the skills to critique the designs or analysis of others.

Radar-based imaging of aircraft targets is a topic that continues to attract a lot of attention, particularly since these imaging methods have been recognized to be the foundation of any successful all-weather non-cooperative target identification technique. Traditional books in this area look at the topic from a radar engineering point of view. Consequently, the basic issues associated with model error and image interpretation are usually not addressed in any substantive fashion. Moreover, applied mathematicians frequently find it difficult to read the radar engineering literature because it is jargon-laden and device specific, meaning that the skills most applicable to the problem's solution are rarely applied. Enabling an understanding of the subject and its current mathematical research issues, Radar Imaging of Airborne Targets: A Primer for Applied Mathematicians and Physicists presents the issues and techniques associated with radar imaging from a mathematical point of view rather than from an instrumentation perspective. The book concentrates on scattering issues, the inverse scattering problem, and the approximations that are usually made by practical algorithm developers. The author also explains the consequences of these approximations to the resultant radar image and its interpretation, and examines methods for reducing model-based error.

Technical and Military Imperatives: A Radar History of World War II is a coherent account of the history of radar in the second World War. Although many books have been written on the early days of radar and its role in the war, this book is by far the most comprehensive, covering ground, air, and sea operations in all theatres of World War II. The author manages to synthesize a vast amount of material in a highly readable, informative, and enjoyable way. Of special interest is extensive new material about the development and use of radar by Germany, Japan, Russia, and Great British. The story is told without undue technical complexity, so that the book is accessible to specialists and nonspecialists alike.