This book summarizes 20 years of work on the kinetics of blood-brain transfer and metabolism mechanisms in mammalian brain. The substances affiliated with these mechanisms include glucose, amino acids, monocarboxylic acids, and oxygen. These substances are important to energy metabolism and neurotransmission in the mammalian brain at rest and during activation. To understand the processes addressed by these mechanisms, the book examines the kinetics of compartmentation and compartmental analysis, particularly as they relate to transporter, enzyme, and receptor function. Compartments are subsets of substances separated by transporters and receptors in membranes, and enzymes in cells. This book is divided in six major chapters covering compartmental analysis, kinetic analysis of transport and metabolism, blood-brain transfer and metabolism of glucose, amino acids, and oxygen, and amino acid metabolism and interaction of amino acid metabolites with receptors.

This book describes the design of the first functioning single-sided tomograph, the related measurement methods, and a number of applications in medicine, materials science, and chemical engineering. It will be the first comprehensive account of this new device and its applications. Among the key advances of this method is that images can be obtained in much shorter times than originally anticipated, and that even vector maps of flow fields can be measured although the magnetic fields are highly inhomogeneous. Furthermore, the equipment is small, mobile and affordable to small and medium enterprises and can be located in doctors' offices.

The 29th International Symposium on Acoustical Imaging was held in Shonan Village, Kanagawa, Japan, April 15-18, 2007. This interdisciplinary Symposium has been taking place every two years since 1968 and forms a unique forum for advanced research, covering new technologies, developments, methods and theories in all areas of acoustics. In the course of the years the volumes in the Acoustical Imaging Series have developed and become well-known and appreciated reference works. Offering both a broad perspective on the state-of-the-art in the field as well as an in-depth look at its leading edge research, this Volume 29 in the Series contains again an excellent collection of seventy papers presented in nine major categories: (1) Strain Imaging, (2) Biological and Medical Applications, (3) Acoustic Microscopy, (4) Non-Destructive Evaluation and Industrial Applications, (5) Components and Systems, (6) Geophysics and Underwater Imaging, (7) Physics and Mathematics, (8) Medical Image Analysis, (9) FDTD method and Other Numerical Simulations.

In 194 cases featuring over 450, high-quality images, Nuclear Medicine and PET/CT Cases provides a succinct review of clinically relevant cases covering the full range of nuclear medicine. Cases are grouped into sections including: Nuclear CNS Imaging, Nuclear Inflammation/Infection Imaging, Ventilation/Perfusion Lung Scintigraphy, Pediatric Nuclear Medicine, Cardiac Imaging, Bone Scintigraphy, PET/CT in Oncology, General Oncologic Imaging, Thyroid and Parathyroid, Radionuclide Therapy and Pre-Therapy Evaluation, Liver, Spleen and Biliary Tract, Gastrointestinal Tract, Renal Scintigraphy. Part of the Cases in Radiology series, this book follows the easy-to-use format of question and answer in which the patient history is provided on the first page of the case, and radiologic findings, differential diagnosis, teaching points, next steps in management, and suggestions for furthering reading are revealed on the following page. This casebook is an essential resource for radiology residents and practicing radiologists alike.

Myelin Repair and Neuroprotection in Multiple Sclerosis presents an up-date on the translational potential of promoting remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS). A number of research frontiers still exist in this challenging disease. The cause remains elusive, preventing breakthroughs in its prevention. The move towards oral immunomodulatory therapies has been a major advance, as has the finding of new genes linked to susceptibility that may open the door to new therapeutic approaches. However, a frontier that has been making significant strides in recent years has been that surrounding the neurobiology of myelin regeneration and axon protection: such have been the advances that clinical translation is on the cusp of being achieved. Two broad approaches to therapeutic enhancement of remyelination are envisaged: promoting endogenous remyelination by targeting cells present in the CNS, or, replacing lost myelinating cells from exogenous sources. Current research on oligodendrocyte biology, the pathology of MS, imaging of lesions and the biology of remyelination are paving the way toward opening this new translational frontier. Professor Duncan and Professor Franklin have assembled a broad group of experts in the fields of glial cell biology, neuropathology, radiology and clinical neurology to provide the background toward taking remyelination from experimented models into MS patients.

This volume presents the proceedings of CLABIO 2015 - II Latin American Conference on Bioimpedance, held in Montevideo, Uruguay - September 30 - October 02, 2015. The works cover a broad range in Biomedical Engineering and Computing, Medical Physics and Medical Sciences, Environment, Biology and Chemistry. The topics are: ·Bioimpedance Applications ·Bioimpedance Instrumentation ·Body and Tissue Composition ·Cell Culture and Cell Suspension ·Electrical Impedance Tomography ·Electrode Modelling ·Magnetic Induction - Electrical Impedance Tomography ·Magnetic Resonance - Electrical Impedance Tomography ·Nonlinear Phenomena ·Organ and Tissue Impedance ·Plant Tissue Impedance ·Skin Impedance Modelling ·Technological Advances in Bioimpedance ·Theory and Modelling

Since the early 20th century, medical imaging has been dominated by monochrome imaging modalities such as x-ray, computed tomography, ultrasound, and magnetic resonance imaging. As a result, color information has been overlooked in medical image analysis applications. Recently, various medical imaging modalities that involve color information have been introduced. These include cervicography, dermoscopy, fundus photography, gastrointestinal endoscopy, microscopy, and wound photography. However, in comparison to monochrome images, the analysis of color images is a relatively unexplored area. The multivariate nature of color image data presents new challenges for researchers and practitioners as the numerous methods developed for monochrome images are often not directly applicable to multichannel images. The goal of this volume is to summarize the state-of-the-art in the utilization of color information in medical image analysis.

Matrix-valued data sets - so-called second order tensor fields - have gained significant importance in scientific visualization and image processing due to recent developments such as diffusion tensor imaging. This book is the first edited volume that presents the state of the art in the visualization and processing of tensor fields. It contains some longer chapters dedicated to surveys and tutorials of specific topics, as well as a great deal of original work by leading experts that has not been published before. It serves as an overview for the inquiring scientist, as a basic foundation for developers and practitioners, and as as a textbook for specialized classes and seminars for graduate and doctoral students.

Clinical studies during the past 10 years have shown that PET is more sensitive than CT and MRI for the detection of many tumors. In many cases, however, for example in head and neck tumors, combination with radiological procedures is necessary. It may be speculated that PET should be the first study in a malignant tumor when metastatic spread is suspected. MRI and CT may then be restricted to those body areas which evince sites of increased glucose metabolism. Thus, a combination of metabolic and morphologic procedures will enhance tumor detection and change the therapeutic strategy. In this light, an atlas including PET, CT, MRI, and histology data seems desirable to combine metabolic and morphologic imaging. This book presents an overview of the available data which should be of great interest not only for specialists in radiology and nuclear medicine, but also for oncologists.

The international symposium CAR '89 (the third in a row), held in Berlin in June 1989, was again focused on the fundamental principles of applying Computer Assisted Radiology (CAR) in health care. The book contains all the presentations of the symposium and this provides an up-to-date, complete state-of-the-art-report of this interdisciplinary subject, in which physicians, engineers, physicists and computer scientists cooperate.

Over the years, interventional radiology has developed many effective and less invasive procedures. As the number and types of interven tions increase, radiologists are becoming more and more involved in clinical patient care. This includes pre-interventional patient workup, sophisticated medical therapy and monitoring during interventions, regular inpatient rounds and complete follow-up management. Therefore interventional radiologists are faced with a broad spectrum of clinical and pharmacological questions. Adjunctive medical therapy should increase the patient's comfort, should improve the success rates, and should further reduce the risks of the procedures. In order to fulfill our responsibility to the patients, a profound knowledge of certain drugs is indispensable. This in cludes, for example, sedatives, analgesics, cardiovascular drugs and agents to prevent infections, thromboembolic complications or restenoses. Moreover, a good monitoring system during complex procedures will increase the safety of radiological interventions. These topics and several more have been presented and discussed during an international symposium in Basel, Switzerland, in January 1992. It is the benefit of the authors, that all these results could be published shortly after the event. Connected with our thanks to all the co-workers the editors hope to find this publication assisting an increasing number of safe interventions.

As an addition to the European postgraduate training system for young neurosurgeons we began to publish in 1974 this series of Advances and Technical Standards in Neurosurgery which was later sponsored by the European Association of Neurosurgical Societies. This series was first discussed in 1972 at a combined meeting of the Italian and German Neurosurgical Societies in Taormina, the founding fathers of the series being Jean Brihaye, Bernard Pertuiset, Fritz Loew and Hugo Krayenbiihl. Thus were established the principles of European co operation which have been born from the European spirit, flourished in the European Association, and have throughout been associated with this serIes. The fact that the English language is well on the way to becoming the international medium at European scientific conferences is a great asset in terms of mutual understanding. Therefore we have decided to publish all contributions in English, regardless of the native language of the authors. All contributions are submitted to the entire editorial board before publication of any volume. Our series is not intended to compete with the publications of original scientific papers in other neurosurgical journals. Our intention is, rather, to present fields of neurosurgery and related areas in which important recent advances have been made. The contributions are written by spe cialists in the given fields and constitute the first part of each volume.

A goldmine of theoretical insights and practical suggestions, Achieving Excellence in Medical Education, Second Edition explores the essential question facing medical educators and learners today: What is our vision of educational excellence, and what can we do to enhance our performance? Among the topics explored within this updated, engaging, informative, and thought-provoking text are: * Education's position as a priority of medical schools * Seminal educational insights from non-medical educators * Best practices of outstanding educators and learners * Promises and pitfalls of new educational technologies * Key resources for promoting excellence in medical education * Medical education's role in preparing future leaders * Leadership roles for medical schools in universities and society Reviews of the first edition: "This is an eloquent, quotable, and inspirational book that provides a template for "Achieving Excellence in Medical Education." - Journal of the American Medical Association "Gunderman is an accomplished educator, well known as a thoughtful and provocative teacher. . . I recommend his book to department chairs, clerkship and residency program directors, and education professionals who are shaping the future of medical education." - New England Journal of Medicine

This book constitutes the thoroughly refereed conference proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Biomedical Simulation (ISBMS) which was held in Strasbourg, France, in October 2014. Biomedical modeling and simulation are at the center stage of worldwide efforts to understand and replicate the behavior and function of the human organism. Large scale initiatives such as the Physiome Project, Virtual Physiological Human and Blue Brain Project aim to develop advanced computational models that will facilitate the understanding of the integrative function of cells, organs, and organisms, with the ultimate goal of delivering truly personalized medicine. At the same time, progress in modeling, numerical techniques and haptics has enabled more complex and interactive simulations. The 27 revised full papers (including 16 regular and 11 short papers) were carefully selected from 45 submissions and cover topics such as training systems and haptics, physics-based registration, vascular modeling and simulation, image and simulation, modeling, surgical planning, analysis, characterization and validation.

This book offers a review of the normal histopathological anatomy, imaging techniques and diagnostic findings for a broad spectrum of clinical problems. It includes a classification of inflammatory syndromes previously described under several different terms. It is the first textbook to describe the imaging of all anterior chest wall disorders.

In the emergency and trauma setting, accurate and consistent interpretation of imaging studies are critical to the care of acutely ill and injured patients. Emergency Radiology: Imaging of Acute Pathologies is a comprehensive review of radiological diagnoses commonly encountered in the emergency room by radiologists, residents, and fellows. The book is organized by anatomical sections that present the primary ER imaging areas of the acute abdomen, pelvis, thorax, neck, head, brain and spine, and osseous structures. For each section, the common diagnoses are concisely described and are accompanied by relevant clinical facts and key teaching points that emphasize the importance of radiological interpretation in clinical patient management. The role of modalities such as plain radiography, CT, ultrasound, MR, and nuclear medicine imaging in managing emergency conditions is highlighted.

Gastrointestinal bleeding is an age-old problem. The original description of g- trointestinalbleedingmayhavebeenfromGalenandhisworkconnectingdyspepsia andmelanoticstool. Thechangesinourmanagementofgastrointestinalbleeding overthecenturieshavebeendrivenbynaturalalterationsinthespectrumofdiseases, expanding our understanding of these diseases and the never ending advances in technologyandpharmacologythathaveoccurredrelativetoGIdiseases. Academic interestingastrointestinalbleedingpeakedinthelasthalfofthetwentiethcentury withtheexpandingroleofsurgery,thediscoveryofacid-basedpepticulcerthe- pies,andtheriseof?exibleendoscopyandculminatedinthedescriptionofh. pylori as a causative agent for ulcer disease. More recently there has been a decrease incidenceinbleedingdiseasesofthegutandthereforeadecreasinginterestinthe scholarlywritingaboutthesediseases. Therehasnotbeenamajortextbookwritten aboutgutbleedinginover10yearsandthereforetheintentionofthistextbookisto ?llthatvoidbyprovidingareviewofacomprehensiveapproachtouppergut,mid, andlowergutbleeding. CliniciansatDukeUniversitywhohaveacommoninterestinthegastrointes- naltracthavecollaboratedintheconstructionofthistext. Thisefforthasbrought together surgeons, gastroenterologists, and radiologists, to carefully chronicle the presentation, diagnosis, and management of modern day causes of gastrointes- nal bleeding. These co-authors concentrate on some of the latest innovations in the endoluminal and minimally invasive techniques that characterize the current approaches to these diseases. Emphasis has been placed on capsule endoscopy, double-balloon endoscopy, laparoscopic peptic ulcer surgery, and angiographic diagnosis and management techniques. The text has been written in such a way thatthereadercanquicklyreviewaspeci?ccauseofGIbleedingpriortomanaging ofsuchapatient. Weexpectthistextwillbeusedwiththesameimmediacyasthe diseasespresent. Wehopethatthistextprovidesafoundationforlearningformedicalstudents, interns,residents,andpractitionerswhoencounterthesecriticallyillanddif?cultto managepatients. Durham,NC,USA AuroraD. Pryor Durham,NC,USA TheodoreN. Pappas Durham,NC,USA MalcolmStanleyBranch v Acknowledgment TheeditorswouldliketothankMs. VirginiaCashforherhelpinthepreparation andcoordinationofthetext. vii Contents Part I Upper GI Bleeding Stabilization of Patients Presenting with Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding. ..3 ErrolL. BushandMarkL. Shapiro Urgent Workup for Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding...13 LorettaErhunmwunseeandSandhyaA. Lagoo-Deenadayalan Management of Esophageal Variceal Bleeding ...23 KekiBalsaraandLisaPickett Management of Dieulafoy's Lesions ...31 SerainaK. Faes,BrianR. Untch,ClaireEdwards,JohnTurner, MartinPoleski,andDouglasS. Tyler Management of Bleeding Peptic Ulcer Disease ...39 JamesC. PadussisandTheodoreN. Pappas Management of Unusual Sources of Upper GI Bleeding...65 ElisabethTracyandJanetTuttle-Newhall Mallory-Weiss Syndrome...79 JacobN. SchroderandMalcolmS. Branch Management of Bleeding Small Bowel Tumors...85 KeriE. LunsfordandAuroraD. Pryor Management of Bleeding from the Bile Duct ...103 CarlosE. MarroquinandBridgetM. Marroquin Management of Bleeding from the Pancreas...

Nuclear Medicine in Psychiatry showcases the combined expertise of renowned authors whose dedication to the investigation of psychiatric disease through nuclear medicine technology has achieved international recognition. Psychiatric disorders are discussed both from categorical and functional psychopathological viewpoint and the latest results in functional neuroimaging are detailed. Most chapters are written jointly by a psychiatrist and a nuclear medicine expert, and each contains a section "Clinical Aspects", to link research data with clinical routine. This state-of-the-art compendium will be valuable to anybody in the field of neuroscience, from the psychiatrist and the radiologist/nuclear medicine specialist to the interested general practitioner and cognitive psychologist.

This is the first work to take a comprehensive look at the application of Magnetic Resonance (MR) techniques in the diagnosis, follow-up and therapy monitoring of dementing illnesses. The authors present an overview of MR findings in neurodegenerative and vascular disorders leading to dementia. In doing so, they also discuss other diseases that lead to cognitive and/or behavioural deterioration, such as infectious inflammatory disorders, toxic encephalopathies, inborn errors of metabolism of adult onset and post-traumatic, post-radiotherapy and post-chemotherapy conditions. This authoritative, well-written and richly illustrated reference work is indispensable for anybody working in the field.

This invaluable and well-presented text brings together previously fragmented or incompletely elucidated data on the impressive recent advances in orthopedic nuclear medicine. The book begins by acquainting the readers with various anatomic, physiologic, pathologic and technical concepts crucial to understanding orthopedic nuclear medicine and its utilization in clinical practice. Subsequent chapters detail the diagnosis of skeletal infections, trauma, vascular disorders, metabolic and neoplastic bone diseases, soft tissue calcifications and joint disorders. A separate section is devoted to the use of radionuclides in the treatment of bone and joint diseases. A unique feature of this richly illustrated volume is its comprehensive and clinically oriented approach. The book will prove invaluable to all with an interest in diagnostic and therapeutic orthopedics, including radiologists, orthopedists, rheumatologists, pediatricians, other clinicians and nuclear medicine professionals.

Peripheral and Cerebrovascular Intervention draws upon experts from diverse fields to provide readers with a comprehensive foundation for understanding and performing endovascular procedures-from the basic steps to the most current and advanced techniques. Individual chapters focus on primary intervention sites, including lower extremity, renal/mesenteric, subclavian/upper extremity, carotid/vertebral, intracranial and venous interventions. Additionally, chapters covering critical limb ischemia and abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysms are included. By incorporating valuable clinical information, such as indications, contraindications, complications and discussions of surgical techniques and procedures, this book is a valuable resource for the busy practitioner and will be of interest to all interventional and general cardiologists, radiologists and neurologists; vascular surgeons; internists and residents and fellows.

This new edition of Vascular Interventional Radiology: Current Evidence in Endovascular Surgery provides a thorough yet succinct and accessible review of the latest knowledge in the field of endovascular surgery. All chapters have been updated to reflect the advances that have occurred during the past five years, and new chapters are included on carotid artery stenting and day case intervention. The chapter on lower limb veno-occlusive disease has been expanded to include management of deep venous thrombosis. Among the other topics considered are the endovascular treatment options in different arterial territories, aneurysm repair techniques, and the management of venous stenosis and venous insufficiency. The aim throughout is to tackle issues of evidence-based practice in order to assist trainees and experienced practitioners in making and implementing treatment decisions. This book will be an invaluable source of information for both interventional radiologists and vascular surgeons with an interest in endovascular techniques.

This is a carefully illustrated volume of surgical procedures. Well-known standard as well as alternative procedures in surgery of the stomach and the proximal duodenum are depicted with anatomical exactness. Possible complications, errors, and dangers and how to avoid them are discussed in detail. Each operative step is illustrated superbly and accompanied by a short, precise text. Both illustrations and text stem from the practical experience in the operating theater of the many renowned surgeons who have contributed to this volume. The book serves as an indispensable reference for surgeons; likewise, gastroenterologists, radiologists, pathologists, and anatomists will find this volume of immeasurable value in their daily work.