There is an ever-increasing need for designers to create products that are genuinely inclusive of members of society with special needs. The population is growing older and legislative demands on industry to provide equal access for all are growing ever more stringent. Several research disciplines are working to find solutions to the problem of how to develop more inclusive products and the aim of Universal Access and Assistive Technology is to bring experiences from these different perspectives into a single reference. This book contains the proceedings of the first Cambridge Workshop on Universal Access and Assistive Technology (CWUAAT), incorporating the fourth Cambridge Workshop on Rehabilitation Robotics, held in Cambridge, England in March 2002. This book contains contributions from an international group of leading researchers in the fields of Universal Access and Assistive Technology. Contributions include papers on design, robotics and computer access, as well as the experiences of industry.It is composed of three parts containing material on: * design issues for universal access and assistive technology; * enabling computer access and new technologies; * assistive technology and rehabilitation robotics. Reflecting the spirit of recent moves to extend rights to universal accessibility, this series of workshops and accompanying books is aimed at a broad range of interests, with a general focus on the development of products and solutions. Numerous case studies are used to raise awareness of the challenges faced in developing truly inclusive products, along with examples of good practice.

In this book the lectures of the first course of the International School of Cardiology at Ettore Majorana are presented. It is difficult to reflect in a publication of this kind the atmosphere and spirit of this postgraduate course. Moreover, the beautiful scenery of Erice and its surroundings, celebrated by ancient Greek poets, can never be described by the editors of this book. The purpo e of this course was to deepen our knowledge accumulated todate on the subjects of non-invasive cardio circulatory assessment and the analysis of the comprehensive approach to cardiac rehabilitation. The clinical value of exercise testing, echo-cardiography, scintigraphy, systolic time intervals have been discussed, as well as the tasks of exercise training, surgery and drugs in the secondary prevention of coronary heart disease. The problems of arrhythmias and the prevention of sudden death have been touched on, as well as early m bilization after myocardial infarction, the use of digoxin and beta blockers and finally, the controversies in cardiac rehabilitation."

Pulmonary emphysema is a disease which develops because of a localized imbalance between endogenous proteinase inhibitors and proteinases leaking from neurophils during phagocytosis at inflammatory foci within the lung. This volume not only reviews at a biochemical level what is known about the natural inhibitors and proteinases involved in connective tissue destruction within the lung, but also suggests novel methodologies for reestablishing proper enzyme-inhibitor balance, including the use of natural or synthetic inhibitors for supplementation or gene therapy.

Foreword from a Clinical Biomechanist, Applied Physiologist and Prosthetist teaching graduate students in Prosthetics & Orthotics. While there are many books on Biomechanics, arguably the quintessential science of limb prosthetics, none addresses the fundamental principles in sufficient detail and depth to be practically useful to the prosthetist, rehabilitation specialist or researcher. Dr. Pitkin's monograph is an exemplary collection of theoretical principles from his research and o- ers, presented in its clinical and applied biomechanics form. The textbook provides an excellent overview of the many facets of lower limb prosthetic design and engineering for the ardent clinician researcher and student. The book delves into many of the basic concepts that are required knowledge for the clinician and the scientist to have as the foundation for their work. Dr. Pitkin has an e- quent manner in which he reflects on the history and literature to tell the storied evolution of prosthetic design . He takes the reader on a journey to consider his theories, which have substantive foundations to contemplate. By the end of chapter one, we have the basic h- tory and an appreciation for the rationale behind the "rolling joint ankle" with evidence to support his theoretical views.

A comprehensive guide to neurological rehabilitation for physical therapist assistants (PTAs), Umphred's Neurorehabilitation for the Physical Therapist Assistant, Third Edition presents contemporary, evidence-based principles and techniques for examination, intervention, and treatment for individuals with neurological conditions. Umphred's Neurorehabilitation for the Physical Therapist Assistant, Third Edition addresses a wide variety of pediatric and adult neurological disorders, including spinal cord injury, brain injury, stroke, Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, Guillain-BarrE syndrome, and more. Drs. Lazaro and Umphred have updated this classic text to reflect current and emerging trends in physical therapy, including: The role of the physical therapist assistant in neurocritical care The PTA's role in management of clients with lifelong impairments and activity limitations Technology in neurorehabilitation Also included is a new chapter on functional neuroanatomy, which provides the foundational background for understanding the relationship of the structure and function of the nervous system. The text has been updated to reflect the American Physical Therapy Association's Guide to Physical Therapist Practice 3.0, the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning (WHO-ICF) enablement model, and the 2016 IV STEP Conference. The Third Edition also features helpful instructor and student resources, including an instructor's guide and an updated online video library with new videos on patient management. Umphred's Neurorehabilitation for the Physical Therapist Assistant, Third Edition is the definitive resource for any physical therapist assistant faculty, student, or clinician interested in the physical therapy management of individuals with neurological conditions.

Down syndrome is one of the most commonly occurring developmental disorders and it is now possible to conceptualize and define opportunities for neurocognitive rehabilitation for those with the condition. This book describes how early cognitive intervention in children with Down syndrome can be carried out, and can reduce, or compensate for, the major deficits characteristic of the condition. This comprehensive account relates the neurocognitive approach to the major therapeutic endeavors in the neighboring fields of neurogenetics, experimental environmental enrichment, molecular genetics, pharmacology, pediatrics and cardiology for infants with Down syndrome. Neurocognitive Rehabilitation of Down Syndrome provides the guidance required to establish effective rehabilitation programs, and is essential reading for developmental clinicians, pediatricians, neuropsychologists and other health professionals.

This monograph comprises 17 papers written by prominent authors in the field, each of whom presents his most recent experiences. The papers were not specially selected so that this work is far from being a comprehensive textbook covering all aspects of right ventricular hypertrophy and failure in chronic lung disease. Perhaps some of the papers dealing with more strictly physiological problems and experimental models will be somewhat difficult to relate directly to former modes of thinking of both cardiologists and pneumologists. Nevertheless, we hope and expect that this book will provide the reader with, an in-depth appreciation of the situation of present research in different laboratories and countries. Occasionally contradictions between different papers may be noticed. We have not tried to remove these, since each contradiction reflects current areas of dispute or uncertainty in this developing field. We wish finally to acknowledge the continuing support of the Clinica del Lavoro Foundation for projects aimed at promoting education in all fields related to medical rehabilitation. Vlastimil Jdek Mario Morpurgo Roberto Tramarin Foreword This volume is the sixth issue in the Series "Current Topics in Rehabilitation", which was ftrst conceived in 1987 with the aim of offering updated indications as to functional comprehensive evaluation strategies and rehabilitation programmes.

The workshops that have been held over the past few years and the volumes published in their wake have proved highly successful and have prompted us to press on with our initial plans. Our basic aim was to tackle certain very important problems in respiratory rehabilitation and then discuss the various issues with people from all over the wodd engaged in the updating of experience and know ledge in this field. We therefore firmly believe that this ongoing effort is of fundamental importance. Hyperinflation, which is still a poody defined c1inical and physiopatho logical condition, is the focal point ofthis present study, which is aimed at discussing and weighing up the physiopathological mechanisms, c1inical consequences, and rehabilitation possibilities in a disease in which, until relatively recently, rehabilitation had seemed almost totally ineffective. The present contributions, however, show us how very important and versatile rehabilitation may be in its treatment. Perhaps, if we consider this branch of medicine as one which now no longer simply draws upon other sciences, but make an active contribution in its own right, we will have touched upon the most important aspect of this study. If I may, I would just like to add how very pleasing it is for me to acknow ledge how much this joint effort has contributed, in terms of true insights and above all VI results, to finding solutions to the problems addressed in reeent years.

Designed in a concise, easy-to-read style for a wide variety of medical occupations, the Rehab Clinical Pocket Guide is the ideal, handy reference for rehabilitation professionals and other health providers. Divided into four sections that cover inpatient care, clinical strategies, outpatient care, and additional diagnostics and therapeutics, this is the first book of its kind to contain all of the relevant clinical information needed on the rehabilitation unit, including specific admission order sets and topics such as medication dosing, consultant recommendations, specific rehabilitation goals and treatments, and even billing details for various diagnoses. The Rehab Clinical Pocket Guide offers all the clinical material needed to properly treat patients and excel in the field of physical medicine and rehabilitation and will prove an indispensable resource for therapists, nutritionists, medical students, and physicians alike.

There have been dramatic increases in the financial, emotional, and psychological investment in pets over the past four decades. The increasing importance of animal companions in people's lives has resulted in growing emphasis on the human-animal bond within academic literature. This book introduces practicing and emerging professionals to vital subject matter concerning this growing specialty area by providing an essential framework and information through which to consider the unique contextual backdrop of the human-animal bond. Such contexts include a wide array of themes including: issues of attachment and loss, success and frustration with making and sustaining connections, world views regarding animal ethics, familial history of neglect or abuse, and cultural dynamics that speak to the order of things between mankind and nature. Adopting a contextual stance will aid mental health professionals in appreciating why and how this connection has become a significant part of everyday life for many. As with any other important clinical dynamic, training and preparation are needed to gain competence for professional practice and research. To this end, an ensemble of international experts across the fields of psychology and mental health explore topics that will help both new and established clinicians increase and understanding of the various ways the human-animal bond manifests itself. Perspectives from beyond the scope of psychology and mental health such as anthropology, philosophy, literature, religion, and history are included to provide a sampling of the significant contexts in which the human-animal bond is established. What brings these divergent topics together in a meaningful way is their relevance and centrality to the contextual bonds that underlie the human-animal connection. This text will be a valuable resource that provides opportunities to deepen one's expertise in understanding the psychology of the human-animal bond.

Rehabilitation in Neurosurgery is not a new task but on Neurosurgical Rehabilitation in Munster, offering rather an indispensable part of neurological surgery the opportunity to visit various types of neurosurgical from the beginning, intended to avoid or to improve rehabilitation facilities. During this conference it be- diagnosable or impending damage to the CNS, and came apparent that neurorehabilitation had been ne- to prevent secondary and tertiary complications by glected by most of the neurosurgeons around the world adequate therapeutic measures. Rehabilitation should during the second half of the last century and it was agreed to improve on this situation by publishing the start right at the onset and site of the acute impact to the brain, spinal cord or peripheral nerves. Thanks results of their work as a special volume. to the tremendous progress in modern neurosurgery Selected papers from another two meetings (the regarding microsurgical techniques, instruments, so- 5th Annual Meeting of the Euroacademy of Multi- disciplinary Neurotraumatology, organised in con- phisticated technologies, multidisciplinary team ap- junction with the Meeting of the European Brain proaches, neuro-imaging, neuropharmacology, anti- Injury Society and France Traumatism Cranien, Paris, biotics, neuroanaesthesiology, and intensive care organized by the Congress President Jean Luc Truelle, treatment, more and more patients frequently survive on September 20-23, 2000; Workshop on Early Re- even life threatening lesions to the brain and spinal habilitation, Maribor, Chair Matej Lipovsek, March cord, however, at the expense of severe sensory, motor

Designing inclusively is no longer an option for companies. It is a business essential. Global populations are getting older, legislation is increasingly prohibitive of unnecessary exclusion and consumer attitudes are beginning to change. Exclusivity is out, inclusivity is in. Research communities the world over are responding to this change in design emphasis. Conferences such as the Cambridge Workshops on Universal Access and Assistive Technology (CWUAAT) offer a forum for researchers from diverse and varied disciplines to bring their perspectives on inclusive design together. This book has been inspired by the second CWUAAT, held in Cambridge, England in March 2004. It contains chapters from an international group of leading researchers in this field. Contributions focus on the following topics: design issues for universal access and assistive technology; enabling computer access and new technologies; and, assistive technology and rehabilitation robotics. This series of conferences is aimed at a broad range of interests, with a general focus on the development of products and solutions. Numerous case studies are used to raise awareness of the challenges faced in developing truly inclusive products, along with examples of good practice for design for a more inclusive world.

An increasing number of psychologists who were trained in clinical psychology, health psychology, or another specialty are gravitating toward rehabilitation psychology, but many of them have little or no experience with rehabilitation populations. With the explosion of interest in traumatic brain injury (TBI), many neuropsychologists are taking jobs in rehabilitation settings that treat people with TBI but also care for persons with the array of other disabling conditions such as spinal cord injury, stroke, MS, and amputation. In Specialty Competencies in Rehabilitation Psychology, Drs. Cox, Cox, and Caplan provide a guide to the knowledge and skills required by competent rehabilitation psychologists, with an emphasis on the evidence base of the specialty. The volume will be valuable to those preparing for the Board Certification Examination in Rehabilitation Psychology and will also be valuable to newcomers to the field and to clinicians working on an outpatient basis with individuals with a wide variety of chronic conditions. Series in Specialty Competencies in Professional Psychology Series Editors Arthur M. Nezu and Christine Maguth Nezu As the field of psychology continues to grow and new specialty areas emerge and achieve recognition, it has become increasingly important to define the standards of professional specialty practice. Developed and conceived in response to this need for practical guidelines, this series presents methods, strategies, and techniques for conducting day-to-day practice in any given psychology specialty. The topical volumes address best practices across the functional and foundational competencies that characterize the various psychology specialties, including clinical psychology, cognitive and behavioral psychology, school psychology, geropsychology, forensic psychology, clinical neuropsychology, couples and family psychology, and more. Functional competencies include common practice activities like assessment and intervention, while foundational competencies represent core knowledge areas such as ethical and legal issues, cultural diversity, and professional identification. In addition to describing these competencies, each volume provides a definition, description, and development timeline of a particular specialty, including its essential and characteristic pattern of activities, as well as its distinctive and unique features. Written by recognized experts in their respective fields, volumes are comprehensive, up-to-date, and accessible. These volumes offer invaluable guidance to not only practicing mental health professionals, but those training for specialty practice as well.

It was a great pleasure and honour to have been invited to attend this Seminar and to present a final impression. The association in this field between the Chester Beatty Research Institute and Dr. Rosenberg's School at East Lansing is something which I specially value and many would doubtless like to know how it came about. In the course of its work in carcinogenesis and on chemotherapy over many years, the Chester Beatty Research Institute was frequently drawn to the importance of many metals - as for example lead, iron, metalloid arsenic and the metalloid quali ties of the carcinogenic hydrocarbons. Interest started in platinum many years ago, following the possibility, c1aimed by others, that various complexes between the metal and mercaptopurine might possess significant chemotherapeutic properties. Va rious attempts to confirm such findings ended, however, in complete failure. Interest in platinum was revived by the fresh observations of Dr. Rosenberg and his collea gues, and here the outcome was entirely different. Very soon it was possible to con firm the intense growth-inhibitory properties of cis-platinum (II) diamminedi chloride and related substances. After communicating these results to Dr. Rosenberg, it was a pleasure to welcome hirn in London where he gave a Seminar which greatly engaged the interest of many of the staff. Later, several of these were to enjoy Dr. Rosenberg's hospitality at an international conference on the subject to be held in East Lansing, where many rapidly developing aspects were open for discussion."

This is another classic contribution by Braune and Fischer to the field of biomechanics. The pendulum method was employed to ascertain ac curately the moments and radii of inertia of the human body and its different parts about all axes - transverse, oblique or longitudinal. This elegant method is described in detail, together with the results. Relations were found between the centres of inertia on one hand and the lengths and diameters of the body segments on the other. These data were originally prepared for the authors' later work, The Human Gait, to determine the forces exerted on and by the parts of the body during walking. Such work is the basis for solving the mechanical prob lems related to any movement of the human body: thus, the original results presented here continue to be of im mense value to current research and practice. Aywaille, May 1988 P. Maquet v Contents Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Experimental Determination of the Moments of Inertia of the Parts of the Body About Axes Through the Centre of Gravity and at Right Angles to the Longitudinal Axis, and About the Longitudinal Axis Itself . . . . 11 First Series of Experiments. . . . . 16 Second Series of Experiments. . . . 25 Oscillations of the Trunk and Head System. 29 Oscillations of the Trunk Without the Head 30 Oscillations of the Head. . . 31 Oscillations of the Left Leg. . . . . . . . 31 Oscillations of the Left Thigh. . . . . . . 31 Oscillations of the Left Lower Leg and Foot System . . . . . . . . . . . . 32 Oscillations of the Left Lower Leg . . ."

The twu-day sympusium held un the campus uf Augustana Cullege, Ruck Island, Illinuis, April 5 and 6, 1967, explured the interrelatiunship between the life sciences and engineering and attempted tu make the scientific cummunity mure aware uf an interdisciplinary appruach tu engineering. The sympusium suught tu stimulate new mechanical engineering cuncepts perhaps nut pussible utilizing data available unly thruugh ideas derived frum the traditiunal physical sciences. Devuted tu clused luup biomechanical systems in which biulugical furces and feedback influence mechanical, physical, and chemical systems, this first Ruck Island Arsenal Biumechanics Sympusium was cuspunsured by Ruck Island Arsenal, u. S. Army Weapuns Cummand, U. S. Army Research Office Durham, and Augustana Cullege. It strived fur academic excellance, and the spunsurs are indebted tu the Advisury Cummittee in pruviding the guidance and participatiun required tu achieve this ubjective as reflected in these pruceedings. Persunal thanks are extended tu Drs. Russ C. Bean, Geurge Bugliarellu, Rubert G. Gesteland, Warren S. MCCulluugh, Lawrence M. Patrick, Ali Seirig, and Heinz Vun Fuerster. The planning cummittee, which included Pruf. Juhn E. Ekblad, Edwin M. Vaughan, Alan G. Galbavy, and the editurs, are also. tu be cummended fur their ef- furts in arranging this successful sympusium.

Triennial the Division of Biomedical Engineering of the Institute of Textile Technology and Chemical Engineering, Denkendorf, is organizing conferences on specific topics in the field of polymeric materials for use in the biomedical areas. The aim is to bring together scientists from allover the world working on this speci fic topic, to present the newest state of the art and to discuss their problems in a more concentrated atmosphere and at last to create and intensivate their cooperation. Following two conferences on "Polyurethanes in Biomedical Engi neering" (1983 and 1986), the Institute of Textile Technology and Chemical Engineering set a theme, which is very closely related to its own task: "Medical Textiles for Implantation". As technical materials, textiles can be classified in two fields of application: - first, textiles used for highly flexible, strong, but only tension load bearing systems, e.g. tows; - second, textiles manufactured to flat shaped devices to separate two regions more or less semipermeable, e.g. clothing; - a combination of both are reinforced systems like tubular fabrics e.g.; here pressure load will be transformed to tensile load, the separation may be performed by a coating. In the biological systems the classification can be used in the same manner: - Tension load bearing structures are ligaments and tendons, semipermeable separation is realized by cell membranes as well as by cell layers, for example the skin. - The combination of both of the principles can be found for example in arteries and the trachea.

In his review of the Proceedings of the First International Workshop on Respiratory Muscles in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, organized in Montescano in 1986, Thomas K. Aldrich stated that "there is little information on nutrition". We felt that the need to supplement the evaluation of respiratory muscles by studying nutritional problems was an important enough matter to justify producing a specific study on the subject. This book is the result of the efforts made in this direction. Since 1986, many of the problems associated with nutrition and ventilatory function have been elucidated, and we hope that the contents of this book may contribute towards spreading interest and knowledge in this sector, particularly among those working in the field of respiratory rehabilitation. The physiological and clinical aspects of nutritional problems and the therapeutic approaches adopted in different disease conditions are dealt with in these pages by some of the best-known researchers in the field, providing abundant evidence, if any should be needed, that rehabilitation is not merely exercise. The picture strongly emerging over these last few years is that rehabilitation is not merely a matter of knowledge of lung or respiratory muscles, but also of heart-lung interaction, metabolic equilibrium and nutrition. So much for recent developments, but what does the future hold in store? May 1992 RENATO CORSICO Preface Nutrition and ventilation are inextricably related.

During the past five years there has been a reawakening of interest in the psychotherapy of patients with medical disorders characterized as psychosomatic. For three decades, psychoanalysis and psychoanalytic psychotherapy were used extensively to treat and study psychosomatic disorders. Early in the 1960s, interest in this approach to these conditions faded, and the .Psychosomatic Service. in most hospitals became the .Consultation Liaison Service. (Lipowski, 1967). The recent focus of biofeedback on psychosomatic conditions provides a new technique with which the physician or psychiatrist may treat these patients (Rickles, 1981). In addition, the successful application of biofeedback training to a variety of complaints such as those presented in this volume has heralded the addition of biofeedback to the treatment modalities used for medical complaints. Frequently, psychological factors can still be seen; for example, when biofeedback treatment may require lifestyle changes on the part of the patient, the exploration of secondary gains or resistances before the disorder can be success fully treated, and the establishment of rapport and empathy which is so important for truly effective biofeedback training. Aside from certain psychological dimensions that are always present in biofeed back training, in this case biofeedback is being used in a primarily medical setting for primarily medical complaints."

While emphysema and chronic bronchitis are primarily lung di seases, one of their major consequences is to deeply affect the function of the respiratory muscles. Lung hyperinflation shortens the inspiratory muscles due to increased airways resistance, more of their effort is demanded and changes in nutritional status wea ken them further. Their malfunction can lead to severe dyspnea and to failure of the ventilatory pump. Over the last 10 years we have witnessed an explosion of information of how respiratory muscles function in health and disease, new techniques for their evaluation have been created, the concept of fatigue, weakness, and failure was developed, and their rest or training was attemp ted. The implication of respiratory muscles malfunction in respi ratory medicine has reached a prominent place. It seems remarkable that while some aspect of skeletal muscles function requires molecular biology techniques to find new an swers, we still know little on respiratory muscles interaction, stra tegies of coordination, their role in dyspnea, chronic hypercapnia or how to effectively improve their function in patients. This workshop was organized and held at the Medical Center of Rehabilitation in Montescano and represents an attempt to focus on how the newly adquired wealth of information can eventually be trasformed into medical care. The particpants in this workshop brought forward challenging thoughts and we are most grateful for their participation. This book represents a report of the proceedings and also provides the most updated information in this field.

This monograph analyses all aspects related to the etiopathogenesis, pathomorphology, diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc herniation. It includes 24 chapters, over 500 illustrations, partly in colour, and 2800 bibliographic entries, going from the historical to the most recent ones. Five chapters are dedicated to biological and pathomorphologic aspects both of lumbar disc herniation and the conditions most often associated with herniation. The etiopathogenesis is analysed in the light of the most significant and recent studies. Five chapters deal with the clinical presentation and diagnostic tests in an extremely wide and detailed way. Large space is reserved to conservative management. The chapters on invasive treatments and on the results and complications of surgery define the advantages and limitations of the old and new percutaneous or surgical treatments. Two chapters are dedicated to surgical management of patients with spinal conditions associated with herniation, and two other deal with the surgical failure. This monograph is aimed at satisfying the requirements of both experts and young doctors. Some chapters are of particular interest to the spine specialist, whilst others are useful to the novice to acquire a general knowledge of the subject.

G. MATHE and R. K. OLDHAM' Institut de Cancerologie et d'Immunogem tique, Hopital Paul Brousse, Villejuif Since the last war, cancer chemotherapy has been the object of very intensive and expensive research. Nevertheless, its development has been very slow, and its ultimate potential is today somewhat in doubt. In doubt because it does not cure any cancer patients except a) females carrying placental choriocarcinoma, a semi-allogenic tumor, in which case, cure may be in fluenced by immune rejection, and b) children suffering from Burkitt's tumor, where the probable reason for the cure is that all the neoplastic cells are in the cycle, which is a unique condition among all the human tumor varieties. Whether the long term survivors in acute leukemia, lymphomas, certain sarcomas and certain testicular tumors are "cures" will require longer follow-up. The idea that chemotherapy does not cure most cancer patients because all their neoplastic cells are not in cycle has led to the use of drug combinations. Whatever they are, "cocktail combinations" which are made up of drugs given according to any timing, or scientific combinations, based on pharmacodynamics, pharmaco kinetics or cell kinetics data, are more toxic than single drugs, and are all the more toxic as the number of drugs in the combination is increased."

The human personality is inextricably bound up with, among other things, the function of the central nervous system. Diseases and malfunctions of the brain, head injuries and neurosurgical operations can all result in permanently altered behaviour patterns. This interrelation between brain and behaviour is most clearly demonstrated in cases involving functional neurosurgery and severe traumatic lesions. Despite the fact that this interrelation represents an everyday challenge to the neurosurgeon, it is a question which receives less attention than it deserves in neurosurgical meetings. Given the scope and complexity of this topic, it is not possible to cover every aspect of it here: hence, discussion is limited to the impact on personality of injuries, language, epilepsy and psychosurgery. However, before considering the medical aspects, it was deemed necessary to try and arrive at a definition of "personality." This question was discussed by a number of philosophers representing various perspectives. Their diversity of viewpoints and conceptions greatly enriched the discussions.

This text provides a comprehensive, practical, evidence-based guide to the field. It covers each stage of the rehabilitation process from initial assessment, diagnosis and treatment, to return to pre-injury fitness and injury prevention. Presenting a holistic approach, this text also addresses the nutritional and psychological aspects of the rehabilitation process for the amateur sports enthusiast as well as elite athletes.

Divided into five parts, Parts I, II and III cover screening and assessment, the pathophysiology of sports injuries and healing and the various stages of training during the rehabilitation process. Part IV covers effective clinical decision making, and Part V covers joint specific injuries and pathologies in the shoulder, elbow wrist and hand, groin and knee.

Key features: Comprehensive. Covers the complete process from diagnosis and treatment to rehabilitation and prevention of injuries.Practical and relevant. Explores numerous real world case studies and sample rehabilitation programmes to show how to apply the theory in practice.Cutting Edge. Presents the latest research findings in each area to provide an authoritative guide to the field.

Over the past 10-20 years there has been an explosion of work on the disturbance of motor control that is manifested as "spasticity." This work has been based on new insights from animal experiments into the basis of normal motor control and the development of experimental techniques that could be used in patients with neurological disturbances. For this reason, on the initiative of Alfred Thilmann, the editors of this volume organized a workshop on spasticity, held in Essen, Germany, in November, 1992. The intention of the meeting was to bring together leading scientists in an atmosphere that would generate discussion and hopefully consensus and ideas for future work. The attendance was restricted and deliberately selective, with a mix of basic scientists, clinical scientists and practicing clinicians. The product of their presentations and deliberations is this volume. The book is organized in the same sequence as the workshop, so that the discussion sessions could be summarized by the appropriate chairman.