In a component-based approach for system design, one of the challenging problems is the way to prove the correctness of the created components. Usually, the constituent components are supposed to be correct - possessing the desirable properties and free from undesirable ones. However, the operators may destroy these properties or create new ones, resulting in an undesirable new component. Hence, every created component has to go through a new process of verification, involving a tremendous amount of effort.This book presents a component -based methodology for the creation and verification of design specifications. The methodology is formally presented as an algebra called Property-Preserving Petri Net Process Algebra (PPPA). PPPA includes five classes of operators, and the authors show that every operator of PPPA can preserve a large number of basic system properties. Therefore, if the initial set of primitive components satisfies some of these properties, the created components will also "automatically" satisfy them without the need for further verification - thus greatly saving verification efforts.

You want increased customer satisfaction, faster development cycles, and less wasted work. Domain-driven design (DDD) combined with functional programming is the innovative combo that will get you there. In this pragmatic, down-to-earth guide, you'll see how applying the core principles of functional programming can result in software designs that model real-world requirements both elegantly and concisely - often more so than an object-oriented approach. Practical examples in the open-source F# functional language, and examples from familiar business domains, show you how to apply these techniques to build software that is business-focused, flexible, and high quality. Domain-driven design is a well-established approach to designing software that ensures that domain experts and developers work together effectively to create high-quality software. This book is the first to combine DDD with techniques from statically typed functional programming. This book is perfect for newcomers to DDD or functional programming - all the techniques you need will be introduced and explained. Model a complex domain accurately using the F# type system, creating compilable code that is also readable documentation---ensuring that the code and design never get out of sync. Encode business rules in the design so that you have "compile-time unit tests," and eliminate many potential bugs by making illegal states unrepresentable. Assemble a series of small, testable functions into a complete use case, and compose these individual scenarios into a large-scale design. Discover why the combination of functional programming and DDD leads naturally to service-oriented and hexagonal architectures. Finally, create a functional domain model that works with traditional databases, NoSQL, and event stores, and safely expose your domain via a website or API. Solve real problems by focusing on real-world requirements for your software. What You Need: The code in this book is designed to be run interactively on Windows, Mac and Linux. You will need a recent version of F# (4.0 or greater), and the appropriate .NET runtime for your platform. Full installation instructions for all platforms at fsharp.org.

This edited collection of papers presented at the 18th International Symposium of Biomechanics in Sport, highlights cutting-edge research material on sports biomechanics from many of the leading international academics in the field. The thirty-seven chapters presented are divided into nine sections: * biomechanics of fundamental human movement * modelling, simulation and optimisation * biomechanics of the neuro-musculo-skeletal system * sports injuries, orthopaedics and rehabilitation * the application of electromyography in movement studies * biomechanical analysis of the internal load * methods and instrumentation * training * paediatric and geriatric exercise.

Fundamentals of Dependable Computing for Software Engineers presents the essential elements of computer system dependability. The book describes a comprehensive dependability-engineering process and explains the roles of software and software engineers in computer system dependability.

Readers will learn:

• Why dependability matters
• What it means for a system to be dependable
• How to build a dependable software system
• How to assess whether a software system is adequately dependable

The author focuses on the actions needed to reduce the rate of failure to an acceptable level, covering material essential for engineers developing systems with extreme consequences of failure, such as safety-critical systems, security-critical systems, and critical infrastructure systems. The text explores the systems engineering aspects of dependability and provides a framework for engineers to reason and make decisions about software and its dependability. It also offers a comprehensive approach to achieve software dependability and includes a bibliography of the most relevant literature.

Emphasizing the software engineering elements of dependability, this book helps software and computer engineers in fields requiring ultra-high levels of dependability, such as avionics, medical devices, automotive electronics, weapon systems, and advanced information systems, construct software systems that are dependable and within budget and time constraints.

The book is organized around basic principles of software project management: planning and estimating, measuring and controlling, leading and communicating, and managing risk. Introduces software development methods, from traditional (hacking, requirements to code, and waterfall) to iterative (incremental build, evolutionary, agile, and spiral). Illustrates and emphasizes tailoring the development process to each project, with a foundation in the fundamentals that are true for all development methods. Topics such as the WBS, estimation, schedule networks, organizing the project team, and performance reporting are integrated, rather than being relegating to appendices. Each chapter in the book includes an appendix that covers the relevant topics from CMMI-DEV-v1.2, IEEE/ISO Standards 12207, IEEE Standard 1058, and the PMI Body of Knowledge.

With the majority of IT projects being delivered late, over budget, or cancelled altogether, it is clear that traditional project management methodologies do not provide an effective framework for today's IT projects. It is evident that a new Return-on-Investment (ROI) oriented approach is required that focuses on the ROI of a project from its inception. Maximizing Benefits from IT Project Management: From Requirements to Value Delivery provides comprehensive guidelines for determining an accurate ROI before the project has progressed to the point where it's over budget and over-run. It applies an iterative approach to the entire project management life cycle that re-visits the ROI, re-assesses the value delivered, defines the project scope, and allows the project to be planned as successive iterations based on the value delivered. This book details a systematic and simplified approach for effectively and efficiently selecting and evaluating IT projects for your organization. Filled with equations, tables, and figures that facilitate understanding, it explains how to evaluate subsequent success of a project so that it is simpler to manage, more efficient, and yields the ROI estimated at the outset. Using the novel approach outlined in the book, you will be able to deliver value throughout the project life cycle and make sure your projects are delivered on time, on budget, and within the constraints of the resources available.

The examination of social questions is a relatively new development in goegraphy, but social geography has now blossomed into a fully fledged sub-discipline which has in fact influenced significantly all other areas of geography. This book, first published in 1987, presents an overview of recent developments in all the major branches of social geography. As such it provides a valuable introduction to te subject, a review of the latest state of the art and a pointer to future research directions.

Although the precepts of software engineering have been around for decades, the field has failed to keep pace with rapid advancements in computer hardware and software. Modern systems that integrate multiple platforms and architectures, along with the collaborative nature of users who expect an instantaneous global reach via the Internet, require updated software engineering methods.

Social Software Engineering: Development and Collaboration with Social Networking examines the field through the spectrum of the social activities that now compose it. Supplying an up-to-date look at this ever-evolving field, it provides comprehensive coverage that includes security, legal, and privacy issues in addition to workflow and people issues.

Jessica Keyes, former managing director of R&D for the New York Stock Exchange and noted columnist, correspondent, and author with more than 200 articles published, details the methodology needed to bring mission-critical software projects to successful conclusions. She provides readers with the understanding and tools required to fuse psychology, sociology, mathematics, and the principles of knowledge engineering to develop infrastructures capable of supporting the collaborative applications that today's users require.

Plenty of software testing books tell you how to test well; this one tells you how to do it while decreasing your testing budget. A series of essays written by some of the leading minds in software testing, How to Reduce the Cost of Software Testing provides tips, tactics, and techniques to help readers accelerate the testing process, improve the performance of the test teams, and lower costs. The distinguished team of contributors-that includes corporate test leaders, best paper authors, and keynote speakers from leading software testing conferences-supply concrete suggestions on how to find cost savings without sacrificing outcome. Detailing strategies that testers can immediately put to use to reduce costs, the book explains how to make testing nimble, how to remove bottlenecks in the testing process, and how to locate and track defects efficiently and effectively. Written in language accessible to non-technical executives, as well as those doing the testing, the book considers the latest advances in test automation, ideology, and technology. Rather than present the perspective of one or two experts in software testing, it supplies the wide-ranging perspectives of a team of experts to help ensure your team can deliver a completed test cycle in less time, with more confidence, and reduced costs.

The Reference Model of Open Distributed Processing (RM-ODP) is an international standard that provides a solid basis for describing and building widely distributed systems and applications in a systematic way. It stresses the need to build these systems with evolution in mind by identifying the concerns of major stakeholders and then expressing the design as a series of linked viewpoints. Although RM-ODP has been a standard for more than ten years, many practitioners are still unaware of it. Building Enterprise Systems with ODP: An Introduction to Open Distributed Processing offers a gentle pathway to the essential ideas that constitute ODP and shows how these ideas can be applied when designing and building challenging systems. It provides an accessible introduction to the design principles for software engineers and enterprise architects. The book also explains the benefits of using viewpoints to produce simpler and more flexible designs and how ODP can be applied to service engineering, open enterprise, and cloud computing. The authors include guidelines for using the Unified Modeling Language (TM) (UML) notation and for structuring and writing system specifications. They elucidate how this fits into the model-driven engineering tool chain via approaches, such as Model-Driven Architecture (R) (MDA). They also demonstrate the power of RM-ODP for the design and organization of complex distributed IT systems in e-government, e-health, and energy and transportation industries. All concepts and ideas in the book are illustrated through a single running example that describes the IT support needed by a medium-sized company as it grows and develops. Complete UML models and more are available at http://theodpbook.lcc.uma.es/

This book focuses on metamodelling as a discipline, exploring its foundations, techniques and results. It presents a comprehensive metamodel that covers process, product and quality issues under a common framework.

Issues covered include: An explanation of what metamodelling is and why it is necessary in the context of software engineering. Basic concepts and principles of traditional metamodelling, and some existing results of this approach. Problems associated with traditional approaches to Metamodelling are discussed, alongside an exploration of possible solutions and alternative approaches. Advanced topics such as the extension of the object-oriented paradigm for metamodelling purposes or the foundations of powertype-based tool development will be studied. Finally, a comprehensive case study is introduced and developed, showing how to use many of the concepts explained in the previous chapters.

This book provides a comprehensive conceptual framework for metamodelling and includes case studies and exercises which will demonstrate practical uses of metamodelling. For lecturers and educators, the book provides a layered repository of contents, starting from the basics of metamodelling in the first chapters, through specific issues such as trans-layer control or non-strict approaches, up to advanced topics such as universal powertyping or extensions to the object-oriented paradigm. The book also serves as an in-depth reference guide to features and technologies to consider when developing in-house software development methods or customising and adopting off-the-shelf ones. Software tool developers and vendors can benefit from the book by finding in it a comprehensive guide tothe implementation of frameworks and toolsets for computer-aided software modelling and development.

This book focuses on the topic of improving software quality using adaptive control approaches. As software systems grow in complexity, some of the central challenges include their ability to self-manage and adapt at run time, responding to changing user needs and environments, faults, and vulnerabilities. Control theory approaches presented in the book provide some of the answers to these challenges.The book weaves together diverse research topics (such as requirements engineering, software development processes, pervasive and autonomic computing, service-oriented architectures, on-line adaptation of software behavior, testing and QoS control) into a coherent whole.Written by world-renowned experts, this book is truly a noteworthy and authoritative reference for students, researchers and practitioners to better understand how the adaptive control approach can be applied to improve the quality of software systems. Book chapters also outline future theoretical and experimental challenges for researchers in this area.

An authoritative guide that explores in depth the cultural, technological and methodological concerns to practice three-timezone (3TZ) e-learning in educational contexts. It is important from a pedagogical and practical perspective to impart educational methods and tools that will enable students to be ready for the interconnected, cross-collaborative work environment advocated by modern business practice. The 'local is global' paradigm provides the platform on which students are able to effectively build their knowledge repertoire through the interaction and exchange of project tasks amongst local/global teams, where the traditional barriers of time and location are no longer applicable. The situational and social learning dimensions gained from the explored issues covered in the book will provide a greater awareness to the reader for the need for teaching practice for the '3TZ' enabled workforce. Contents * Teaching Practice-based Subjects in 3 Time Zones (3TZ) Virtual Student Exchange (VSX) Environment * Collaborative Team Project Management * Toward the 24-Hour Knowledge Factory in Software Development * 24/7 Application in Medical Research * Worldwide Teams in Software Development * Virtual Student Exchange: Developing New Educational Paradigms to Support 24-7 Engineering * Data and Knowledge-Transfer Model for the Development of Software Requirements analysis CASE Tools designed for Cross-Time-Zone Projects.

Designed to conform to the ISO/IEC standard 14143, the Common Software Measurement International Consortium (COSMIC) Function Point method has become the major estimation technique based on international standards for building software-intensive systems. COSMIC Function Points: Theory and Advanced Practices supplies a cutting-edge look at current and emerging practices in the international software measurement community. The editors have assembled an international panel of experts who detail the steps for measuring the functional size of software and developing project estimates with improved accuracy. They explain how to evaluate and compare systems to improve software reuse and development. Touching on the essential aspects of the next generation of functional size measurement methods, the book delineates best estimation and measurement practices as well as the development of benchmarks for quality improvement, including Six Sigma. This complete resource covers software measurement and estimation methods and practices for embedded systems, business applications, communications software, and control systems. Each chapter supplies the practical understanding required to create, implement, standardize, distribute, and adapt functional size measurement and project estimation to virtually any software context. Praise for: ... an excellent overview ... provides a strong knowledge background for both practitioners and researchers. ... With its broad background, it is useful for practically implementing and successfully adapting other functional sizing methods ... . The COSMIC function point techniques presented in this book will help you to implement, master, and improve your estimation process.-Christof Ebert, Managing Director, Vector Consulting Services

The latest work by the world's leading authorities on the use of formal methods in computer science is presented in this volume, based on the 1995 International Summer School in Marktoberdorf, Germany. Logic is of special importance in computer science, since it provides the basis for giving correct semantics of programs, for specification and verification of software, and for program synthesis. The lectures presented here provide the basic knowledge a researcher in this area should have and give excellent starting points for exploring the literature. Topics covered include semantics and category theory, machine based theorem proving, logic programming, bounded arithmetic, proof theory, algebraic specifications and rewriting, algebraic algorithms, and type theory.

Unit Integration Testing (UIT) had been a challenge because there was no tool that could help in XHR programming and unit integration validations in an efficient way until Cypress arrived. Cypress started releasing versions in 2015 and became popular in 2018 with version 2.0.0. This book explores Cypress scripts that help implement 'shift left testing', which is a dream come true for many software testers. Shift left occurs in the majority of testing projects, but could not be implemented fully because tools were unavailable and knowledge was lacking about the possibilities of testing early in the life cycle. Shift left is a key testing strategy to help testing teams focus less on defect identifications and more on developing practices to prevent defects. Cypress scripts can help front-end developers and quality engineers to work together to find defects soon after web components are built. These components can be tested immediately after they are built with Cypress Test Driven Development (TDD) scripts. Thus, defects can be fixed straight away during the development stage. Testing teams do not have to worry about finding these same defects in a later development stage because Cypress tests keep verifying components in the later stages. Defect fixing has become much cheaper with Cypress than when other tools are used. The book also covers Behaviour Driven Development (BDD)-based Gherkin scripts and the Cypress Cucumber preprocessor, which can improve test scenario coverage. Automated Software Testing with Cypress is written to fulfil the BDD and TDD needs of testing teams. Two distinct open source repositories are provided in Github to help start running Cypress tests in no time!

Many enterprises regard system-level testing as the final piece of the development effort, rather than as a tool that should be integrated throughout the development process. As a consequence, test teams often execute critical test plans just before product launch, resulting in much of the corrective work being performed in a rush and at the last minute. Presenting combinatorial approaches for improving test coverage, Testing Complex and Embedded Systems details techniques to help you streamline testing and identify problems before they occur -- including turbocharged testing using Six Sigma and exploratory testing methods. Rather than present the continuum of testing for particular products or design attributes, the text focuses on boundary conditions. Examining systems and software testing, it explains how to use simulation and emulation to complement testing. * Details how to manage multiple test hardware and software deliveries * Examines the contradictory perspectives of testing -- including ordered/ random, structured /unstructured, bench/field, and repeatable/non repeatable * Covers essential planning activities prior to testing, how to scope the work, and how to reach a successful conclusion * Explains how to determine when testing is complete Where you find organizations that are successful at product development, you are likely to find groups that practice disciplined, strategic, and thorough testing. Tapping into the authors' decades of experience managing test groups in the automotive industry, this book provides the understanding to help ensure your organization joins the likes of these groups.

"Design for software-intensive systems requires adequate methodology and tool support in order for researchers and practitioners to make use of and develop very large and complex systems. Software engineering environments help reduce the design costs of very large and intricate software systems while improving the quality of the software produced. Designing Software-Intensive Systems: Methods and Principles addresses the complex issues associated with software engineering environment capabilities for designing real-time embedded software systems. This groundbreaking work provides relevant theoretical foundations, principles, methodologies, frameworks, and the latest research findings in the field to deliver a superior knowledge base for those in computer science, software engineering, and fields alike."

This book is a broad discussion covering the entire software development lifecycle. It uses a comprehensive case study to address each topic and features the following: A description of the development, by the fictional company Homeowner, of the DigitalHome (DH) System, a system with "smart" devices for controlling home lighting, temperature, humidity, small appliance power, and security A set of scenarios that provide a realistic framework for use of the DH System material Just-in-time training: each chapter includes mini tutorials introducing various software engineering topics that are discussed in that chapter and used in the case study A set of case study exercises that provide an opportunity to engage students in software development practice, either individually or in a team environment. Offering a new approach to learning about software engineering theory and practice, the text is specifically designed to: Support teaching software engineering, using a comprehensive case study covering the complete software development lifecycle Offer opportunities for students to actively learn about and engage in software engineering practice Provide a realistic environment to study a wide array of software engineering topics including agile development Software Engineering Practice: A Case Study Approach supports a student-centered, "active" learning style of teaching. The DH case study exercises provide a variety of opportunities for students to engage in realistic activities related to the theory and practice of software engineering. The text uses a fictitious team of software engineers to portray the nature of software engineering and to depict what actual engineers do when practicing software engineering. All the DH case study exercises can be used as team or group exercises in collaborative learning. Many of the exercises have specific goals related to team building and teaming skills. The text also can be used to support the professional development or certification of practicing software engineers. The case study exercises can be integrated with presentations in a workshop or short course for professionals.

Presents a novel metrics-based approach for detecting design problems in object-oriented software.

Introduces an important suite of detection strategies for the identification of different well-known design flaws as well as some rarely mentioned ones.

The book describes a fundamentally new approach to software dependability, considering a software system as an ever-changing system due to changes in service objectives, users' requirements, standards and regulations, and to advances in technology. Such a system is viewed as an Open System since its functions, structures, and boundaries are constantly changing. Thus, the approach to dependability is called Open Systems Dependability. The DEOS technology realizes Open Systems Dependability. It puts more emphasis on stakeholders' agreement and accountability achievement for business/service continuity than in elemental technologies.

Colonialism and the Modernist Moment in the Early Novels of Jean Rhys explores the postcolonial significance of Rhys s modernist period work, which depicts an urban scene more varied than that found in other canonical representations of the period. Arguing against the view that Rhys comes into her own as a colonial thinker only in the post-WWII period of her career, this study examines the austere insights gained by Rhys s active cultivation of her fringe status vis-a-vis British social life and artistic circles, where her sharp study of the aporias of marginal lives and the violence of imperial ideology is distilled into an artistic statement positing the outcome of the imperial venture as a state of homelessness across the board, for colonized and metropolitans alike. Bringing to view heretofore overlooked emigre populations, or their children, alongside locals, Rhys s urbanites struggle to construct secure lives not simply as a consequence of commodification, alienation, or voluntary expatriation, but also as a consequence of marginalization and migration. This view of Rhys s early work asserts its vital importance to postcolonial studies, an importance that has been overlooked owing to an over hasty critical consensus that only one of her early novels contains significant colonial content. Yet, as this study demonstrates, proper consideration of colonial elements long considered only incidental illuminates a colonial continuum in Rhys s work from her earliest publications. "

This book introduces SpecDB, an intelligent database created to represent and host software specifications in a machine-readable format, based on the principles of artificial intelligence and unit testing database operations. SpecDB is demonstrated via two automated intelligent tools. The first automatically generates database constraints from a rule-base in SpecDB. The second is a reverse engineering tool that logs the actual execution of the program from the code.

Participating in the reframing of literary studies, Cosmopolitan Fictions identifies, as cosmopolitan fiction, a genre of global literature that investigates the ethics and politics of complex and multiple belonging.

The fictions studied by Katherine Stanton represent and revise the global histories of the past and present, including the indigenous or native narratives that are, in Homi Bhabha's words, internal to national identity itself.

The works take as their subjects:

* European unification
* the human rights movement
* the AIDS epidemic
* the new South Africa.

And they test the infinite demands for justice against the shifting borders of the nation, rethinking habits of feeling, modes of belonging and practices of citizenship for the global future.

Scholars, teachers and students of global literary and cultural studies, Cosmopolitan Fictions is a book to want on your reading list.

Environmental Informatics is a fast growing field which deals with all methods from computer science, environmental planning, ecology and related subjects. As well as being an interdisciplinary area, Environmental Informatics provides an interface between all involved professional groups. Monitoring the state of the environment, analysing existing data, presenting the data to scientists and the public, as well as providing decision support are only some of the topics involved. Environmental Informatics is therefore a good foundation for the computer-assisted protection of the environment.