This book is the first in a set of forthcoming books focussed on state-of-the-art development in the VLSI Signal Processing area. It is a response to the tremendous research activities taking place in that field. These activities have been driven by two factors: the dramatic increase in demand for high speed signal processing, especially in consumer elec tronics, and the evolving microelectronic technologies. The available technology has always been one of the main factors in determining al gorithms, architectures, and design strategies to be followed. With every new technology, signal processing systems go through many changes in concepts, design methods, and implementation. The goal of this book is to introduce the reader to the main features of VLSI Signal Processing and the ongoing developments in this area. The focus of this book is on: * Current developments in Digital Signal Processing (DSP) pro cessors and architectures - several examples and case studies of existing DSP chips are discussed in Chapter 1. * Features and requirements of image and video signal processing architectures - both applications specific integrated circuits (ASICs) and programmable image processors are studied in Chapter 2. * New market areas for signal processing - especially in consumer electronics such as multimedia, teleconferencing, and movie on demand. * Impact of arithmetic circuitry on the performance of DSP pro cessors - several topics are discussed in Chapter 3 such as: number representation, arithmetic algorithms and circuits, and implementa tion.

One of the great twentieth-century achievements in the mechanics of fluids was the full elucidation of the physics of shock waves and the later comprehensive development of understanding of how shock waves propagate (i) through otherwise undisturbed fluid and (ii) in interaction either with solid bodies or with independently generated fluid flows. The interaction problems (ii) were soon found to raise some very special difficulties (beginning with the common formation of "Mach stems" in shock-wave reflection) yet they also turned out to possess enormous scientific interest as well as being highly important in practical applications. For all these reasons the appearance of this book on "Interaction of Shock Waves" by one of the world's major contributors to knowledge in that field is most particularly to be welcomed. It covers all those approaches to the subject which have been found fruitful, and most satisfactorily goes into comprehensive detail about each. At last the important achievements of the leading research workers, experimental as well as theoretical, on shockwave interaction problems are brought together in a single convenient and well written volume. I warmly congratulate the author and the publisher on having performed, for the benefit of everyone interested in the mechanics of fluids, this immensely valuable service.

A summary of the most important results in the existence and stability of periodic solutions for ordinary differential equations achieved in the twentieth century, along with relevant applications. It differs from standard classical texts on non-linear oscillations in that it also contains linear theory; theorems are proved with mathematical rigor; and, besides the classical applications such as Van der Pol's, Linard's and Duffing's equations, most applications come from biomathematics.
For graduate and Ph.D students in mathematics, physics, engineering, and biology, and as a standard reference for use by researchers in the field of dynamical systems and their applications.

Adaptive filtering is commonly used in many communication applications including speech and video predictive coding, mobile radio, ISDN subscriber loops, and multimedia systems. Existing adaptive filtering topologies are non-concurrent and cannot be pipelined. Pipelined Adaptive Digital Filters presents new pipelined topologies which are useful in reducing area and power and in increasing speed. If the adaptive filter portion of a system suffers from a power-speed-area bottleneck, a solution is provided. Pipelined Adaptive Digital Filters is required reading for all users of adaptive digital filtering algorithms. Algorithm, application and integrated circuit chip designers can learn how their algorithms can be tailored and implemented with lower area and power consumption and with higher speed. The relaxed look-ahead techniques are used to design families of new topologies for many adaptive filtering applications including least mean square and lattice adaptive filters, adaptive differential pulse code modulation coders, adaptive differential vector quantizers, adaptive decision feedback equalizers and adaptive Kalman filters. Those who use adaptive filtering in communications, signal and image processing algorithms can learn the basis of relaxed look-ahead pipelining and can use their own relaxations to design pipelined topologies suitable for their applications. Pipelined Adaptive Digital Filters is especially useful to designers of communications, speech, and video applications who deal with adaptive filtering, those involved with design of modems, wireless systems, subscriber loops, beam formers, and system identification applications. This book can also be used as a text for advanced courses on the topic.

Travelling wave processes and wave motion are of great importance in many areas of mechanics, and nonlinearity also plays a decisive role there. The basic mathematical models in this area involve nonlinear partial differential equations, and predictability of behaviour of wave phenomena is of great importance. Beside fluid dynamics and gas dynamics, which have long been the traditional nonlinear scienes, solid mechanics is now taking an ever increasing account of nonlinear effects. Apart from plasticity and fracture mechanics, nonlinear elastic waves have been shown to be of great importance in many areas, such as the study of impact, nondestructive testing and seismology. These lectures offer a thorough account of the fundamental theory of nonlinear deformation waves, and in the process offer an up to date account of the current state of research in the theory and practice of nonlinear waves in solids.

Comprehensive and packed with practical examples, Signal and Image Processing Sourcebook is your complete guide to the rapidly-expanding world of signal and image processing. As well as providing a thorough discussion of the basics of both analog and digital signal and image processing, this indispensable sourcebook offers a uniquely integrated approach for understanding the historical and technical relationships between the types of signal processing in the most critical fields. Establishing the fundamentals of signal and image processing in audio, radio, television, and HDTV, the early chapters of the Sourcebook lucidly chronicle the development of analog signal processing in these areas, leading the reader into a far fuller understanding of their digital signal processing counterparts. The technological background established in these early chapters - especially in the production and processing of television images - vividly illuminates the development of the sophisticated image processing employed in contemporary radar, space exploration, and medical radiological imaging. Continuing this integrated approach, the author links the fundamentals of analog telephony to the development of modern digital signal processing in telecommunications and networking. A detailed account of microprocessor technology further integrates the overall picture of the field of contemporary signal and image processing. Logically, the discussion is extended to the aspects of signal processing involved in artificial intelligence and neural networks. Throughout the book, a wealth of examples and illustrations drawn from the fields of medicine, space technology, communications, biology, and business illuminatethe historical and technical processes and interrelationships discussed in this unusually profound, informative, and far-reaching study.

A great deal of modern communications equipment is being converted from analog to digital technology. This timely book explains many of the important concepts related to digital signal processing in easy-to-understand discussions of communications techniques, data transmission, filters, and hardware. Readers are given practical information on how to apply theory and algorithms to the design of radio receivers and transmitters. Among the areas discussed are analog to digital conversion - with emphasis on noise and distortion performance; manipulation of complex signals - positive and negative frequencies, plus Hilbert transformers; digital filters - guidelines for performance in communications, plus decimation and interpolation; hardware - multiplier accumulators, fast Fourier transform processors, digital signal processors, data flow techniques in equipment, and hardware simulation and testing; and speech processing - linear predictive coding (LPC), code excited linear predictive coding (CELP), and how to digitize speech at low data rates. Development of algorithms for oscillators, detectors, modulators, automatic gain control circuits, and other devices is clearly explained. Specific algorithms are provided for AM modulation, frequency modulation, FM detection, threshold extension, audio compression, automatic gain control, and squelch circuitry. Explanations of basic concepts of digital signal processing and data transmission are accompanied by reviews of signal representations, sampling, convolution, and z-transforms. Extensive real-world examples contribute to expertise in many facets of incorporating digital technology into devices. This hands-on treatment of DSP will helpcommunications engineers upgrade their skills in digital signal processing and make a smooth transition into the design of more advanced systems. It also meets the needs of students who want to bolster their knowledge in communications.

This volume offers a wide range of theoretical, numerical and experimental research papers on fluid dynamics. The major fields of research - fundamentals of fluid mechanics as well as their applications - are treated: - stability phenomena: convective flow, thermal and hydrodynamic systems - transition, turbulence and separation: boundary-layer, turbulent combustion, rarefied gasdynamics, near wall and off wall flow fields, energy dissipation - transonic flow: homogeneous condensation, shock-waves, effects at Mach number unity - hypersonic flow: flow over spheres, aerothermodynamics, relaxation - fluid machinery: axial fans, compressor cascades, fluid couplings - computational fluid dynamics: passive shock control, zonal computation, cylinderflow, flow over wings - miscellaneous problems.

Mechanics of Continua and Wave Dynamics is a textbook for a course on the mechanics of solids and fluids with the emphasis on wave theory. The material is presented with simplicity and clarity but also with mathematical rigor. Many wave phenomena, especially those of geophysical nature (different types of waves in the ocean, seismic waves in the earth crust, wave propagation in the atmosphere, etc.), are considered. Each subject is introduced with simple physical concepts using numerical examples and models. The treatment then goes into depth and complicated aspects are illustrated by appropriate generalizations. Numerous exercises with solutions will help students to comprehend and assimilate the ideas.

Technology has advanced to such a degree over the last decade that it has been almost impossible to find up-to-date coverage of antennas. Antenna Handbook, edited by two of the world's most distinguished antenna speciallists, presents the most advanced antenna theory and designs and demonstrates their application in a wide variety of technical fields. They offer a staggering amount of in-depth data and analysis on a wide range of topics, supported by formulas, curves, and results, as well as derivations.

Intended for a two-semester course. Chapters discuss linear, time invariant, continuous-time systems and discrete-time systems; the Fourier transform; the Laplace transform; analog filters; the discrete Fourier transform; the z-transform; and digital filters. Worked examples and exercises are includ

Volume II covers antenna theory and design, describing a number of antenna types, including receiving, wire and loop, horn, frequency-independent, microstrip, refelector, and lens antennas. This section also includes arrays, providing array theory as well as exploring waveguide-fed slot arrays, peiodic arrays, and aperiodic arrays.

Technology has advanced to such a degree over the last decade that it has been almost impossible to find up-to-date coverage of antennas. Antenna Handbook, edited by two of the world's most distinguished antenna specialists, presents the most advanced antenna theory and designs and demonstrates their applicationin a wide variety of technical fields. They offer a stagering amount of in-depth data and analysis on a wide range of topics, supported by formulas, curves, and results, as well as derivations.

This book contains original papers presented at the Fourth International Conference on Hyperbolic Problems which was held on April 3-8, 1992 in Taormina (Sicily), Italy. The aim of the Conferences in this cycle is to bring together scientists with interest in theo retical, applied and computational aspects of hyperbolic partial differential equations. The contributions, well balanced among these three aspects, deal with: mathematical theory of wave propagation, kinetic theory, existence, uniqueness and stabil ity of solutions, mathematical modeling of physical phenomena, stability and convergence of numerical schemes, multidimensional computational applications, etc. The papers are printed in the authors' alphabetic order following the idea both of mixing together topics of interest to different areas and of considering either theoretical results connected with applied problems or new applications with an essential mathemat ical approach. The Proceedings from the previous Conferences held in St. Etienne (1986), Aachen (1988) and Uppsala (1990) appeared respectively as: Lecture Notes in Mathematics, 1270, P. Carasso, P. A. Raviart & D. Serre (Eds.), Springer-Verlag (1987) Notes on Numerical Fluid Mechanics, 24, J. Ballmann & R. Jeltsch (Eds.), Vieweg (1989 ) Third International Conference on Hyperbolic Problems, B. Engquist & B. Gustafs son (Eds.), Vol. I, II, Studentlitteratur, Uppsala University (1991). The organizers and the editors of the Conference would like to thank the Scientific Committee for the generous support, for suggesting the invited lectures, and for selecting the contributed papers."

Digital Signal Processing in Telecommunications aims to provide a practical insight into the way in which digital signal processing (DSP) technology is exploited across a broad range of telecommunications applications. The book also provides relevant background, as well as state-of-the-art material on recent and future development of DSP technology and applications.

The Royal Society has initiated a series of meetings to discuss the effect advances in technology will have on our way of life in the next century. The two previous meetings have been concerned with housing and waste treat ment. The subject of the third meeting, communications, is no less critical to life, but it offers particular problems and uncertainties, especially in the forecasting of future trends. Indeed, some have doubted if there can be profitable debate on long-term development in such a fast-moving field. The importance of the topic justifies an attempt, and the reader will judge whether the authors have met the challenge. Communications today bears little resemblance to that of the 1970s. Then we knew about satellites and optical fibres, and we had seen lasers and silicon chips, but most of us could never imagine the potential of the new technologies within our grasp. We had also not assessed the thirst of the popUlation for more and better ways of talking and writing to each other. It was the combination of market need and technical capability that created the com munications revolution."

Speech and Audio Coding for Wireless and Network Applications contains 34 chapters, loosely grouped into six topical areas. The chapters in this volume reflect the progress and present the state of the art in low-bit-rate speech coding, primarily at bit rates from 2.4 kbit/s to 16 kbit/s. Together they represent important contributions from leading researchers in the speech coding community. Speech and Audio Coding for Wireless and Network Applications contains contributions describing technologies that are under consideration as standards for such applications as digital cellular communications (the half-rate American and European coding standards). A brief Introduction is followed by a section dedicated to low-delay speech coding, a research direction which emerged as a result of the CCITT requirement for a universal low-delay 16 kbit/s speech coding technology and now continues with the objective of achieving toll quality with moderate delay at a rate of 8 kbit/s. A section on the important topic of speech quality evaluation is then presented. This is followed by a section on speech coding for wireless transmission, and a section on audio coding which covers not only 7 kHz bandwidth speech, but also wideband coding applicable to high fidelity music. The book concludes with a section on speech coding for noisy transmission channels, followed by a section addressing future research directions. Speech and Audio Coding for Wireless and Network Applications presents a cross-section of the key contributions in speech and audio coding which have emerged recently. For this reason, the book is a valuable reference for all researchers and graduate students in the speech coding community.

This reader-friendly resource covers the broad spectrum of satellite principles and their associated technologies. While other books limit their coverage to specialized services or to satellite payloads such as communication satellites, Satellite Systems focuses upon the methodology of launching satellites, keeping them there, the environments under which they operate, and other facets particular to their operation. Pattan's detailed, elaborate approach does not assume that the reader is versed in esoteric mathematics. Satellite Systems is specific enough to be a valuable working-tool to scientists and engineers in related fields, yet general enough to be accessible to students and interested lay people. Pattan throughly explores the concepts and technologies of satellite systems in simple, direct terms. Satellite Systems includes precise coverage of: *various orbits and the services they provide *international launch of vehicles and launch sites *phased array antennas for satellite network applications *mobile satellite services from land vehicles, aircraft, and ships *low orbit satellites for telecommunication and position determination applications *international frequency allocations for satellite control, payload management, and status *geometric relationships between satellite and Earth stations used in interference analysis, orbit determination, and location *the hostile environments in which satellites operate and cope *and much more Satellite Systems is a self-contained, extensive introduction that offers professionals and advanced undergraduate and graduate students of satellite systems the tools they need for in-depth understanding of the complexities of the subject. It is ideal as both a reference and a training text for engineers, technicians, communication lawyers, weather professionals, telecommunications experts, students, and anyone interested insatellites and satellite technology.

An image or video sequence is a series of two-dimensional (2-D) images sequen tially ordered in time. Image sequences can be acquired, for instance, by video, motion picture, X-ray, or acoustic cameras, or they can be synthetically gen erated by sequentially ordering 2-D still images as in computer graphics and animation. The use of image sequences in areas such as entertainment, visual communications, multimedia, education, medicine, surveillance, remote control, and scientific research is constantly growing as the use of television and video systems are becoming more and more common. The boosted interest in digital video for both consumer and professional products, along with the availability of fast processors and memory at reasonable costs, has been a major driving force behind this growth. Before we elaborate on the two major terms that appear in the title of this book, namely motion analysis and image sequence processing, we like to place them in their proper contexts within the range of possible operations that involve image sequences. In this book, we choose to classify these operations into three major categories, namely (i) image sequence processing, (ii) image sequence analysis, and (iii) visualization. The interrelationship among these three categories is pictorially described in Figure 1 below in the form of an "image sequence triangle.""

This fully updated edition of the classic reference in its field keeps professionals current with the latest technology and techniques in transmission of digital signals. Unlike other references on the subject, this volume is written specifically for engineers and focuses on practical systems and their application in actual design and implementation. It covers systems used throughout the world in chapters detailing the latest on basic system design, baseband transmissions, and digital radio and cable systems. Every chapter from the previous edition has been updated, and new information has been added on: Fiber-optic transmission and digital transmission networks; New digital transmission networks - including private-line, public, and personal communication networks - and integrated services digital networks; Trellis-coded modulation, spread spectrum, digital cross-connect systems, and source codes. Areas covered include analog-to-digital conversion, time-division multiplexing, digital modulation, network synchronization, and how to test, monitor, and control transmission systems. Extensive design examples and references drawn from common carriers, manufacturers, and the author's own experience clarify real-life applications in actual systems. The latest standards published by the CCITT, CCIR, and ANSI are provided, and many new sample problems in each chapter build understanding and expertise. Since digital transmission is used by virtually all communications systems today, this new edition is an essential refeence for all engineers, operators, supervisors, and managers who work in systems testing, operations, maintenance, planning, and research and development. It will also meet the needs of students taking digital communications courses.

Acoustic Signal Processing for Ocean Explortion has two major goals: (i) to present signal processing algorithms that take into account the models of acoustic propagation in the ocean and; (ii) to give a perspective of the broad set of techniques, problems, and applications arising in ocean exploration. The book discusses related issues and problems focused in model based acoustic signal processing methods. Besides addressing the problem of the propagation of acoustics in the ocean, it presents relevant acoustic signal processing methods like matched field processing, array processing, and localization and detection techniques. These more traditional contexts are herein enlarged to include imaging and mapping, and new signal representation models like time/frequency and wavelet transforms. Several applied aspects of these topics, such as the application of acoustics to fisheries, sea floor swath mapping by swath bathymetry and side scan sonar, autonomous underwater vehicles and communications in underwater are also considered.

To place this book in perspective it is useful for the reader to be aware of the recent history of the topic of underwater sound generation at the ocean surface by natural mechanisms. A meeting in Lerici, Italy in 1987 was convened within the NATO Advanced Research Workshop series, to bring together underwater acousticians and ocean hydrodynamicists to examine various mechanisms which generate sound naturally at the ocean surface. A record of that meeting was published in the NATO scientific publication series in 1988 under the title 'Sea Surface Sound'. That meeting was successful in inspiring and co ordinating both participants and non-attending colleagues to examine some key issues which were raised during the course of presentations and discussions. The understanding among those present was that another meeting should be convened 3 years hence to report and review progress in the subject. Accordingly the second conference was convened in Cambridge in 1990, whose proceedings are presented here. This volume represents a very gratifying increase in only a 3 year interval in our understanding of a number of physical processes which generate sound at the peripheries of oceans. In fact it represents both the acceleration of singular effort as well as the development of interdisciplinary sophistication and co-operation. The enthusiasm, goodwill, and intense scientific curiosity which characterized the Lerici meeting carried through to Cambridge. The collegial atmosphere established by the participants was perfectly timed to foster another major advance in studies of ocean surface sound.

The Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN) represents the current position in about a hundred years of evolutionary growth of the worldwide telecommunications infrastructure. This evolution is by no means complete and the next few years will see the emergence of a "Broad-band" ISDN as the next stage of evolutionary development. It is important to appreciate the evolutionary nature of the telecommunications infrastructure if one is to properly understand much of the thinking that lies behind the current ISDN proposals. This book therefore begins with a number of chapters devoted to a study of the various developments which have eventually led to the concept of an integrated digital network. These include the development of digital transmission of speech using PCM and the development of digital switching techniques based on stored program control. The book then turns to a consideration of those features of the existing telecommunications network which need to be modified in order to make ISDN a realizable practicality. Of particular importance is the digitization of transmission over the links between the user and the local exchange. Next we look at the current practice and proposals for ISDN based on the technology presently in use in the telephone network. Finally, we look at the proposals for a broadband ISDN likely to become widely available by the turn of the century.

This ready reference provides electrical engineers with practical information on accurate methods for measuring signals and noise in electronic circuits as well as methods for locating and reducing high frequency noise generated by circuits or external interference. Engineers often find that measuring and mitigating high frequency noise signals in electronic circuits can be problematic when utilizing common measurement methods. Demonstrating the innovative solutions he developed as a Distinguished Member of Technical Staff at AT&T/Bell Laboratories, solutions which earned him numerous U.S. and foreign patents, Douglas Smith has written the most definitive work on this subject. Smith explains design problems related to the new high frequency electronic standards, and then systematically provides laboratory proven methods for making accurate noise measurements, while demonstrating how these results should be interpreted. The technical background needed to conduct these experiments is provided as an aid to the novice, and as a reference for the professional. Smith also discusses theoretical concepts as they relate to practical applications. Many of the techniques Smith details in this book have been previously unpublished, and have been proven to solve problems in hours rather than in the days or weeks of effort it would take conventional techniques to yield results. Comprehensive and informative, this volume provides detailed coverage of such areas as: scope probe impedance, grounding, and effective bandwidth, differential measurement techniques, noise source location and identification, current probe characteristics, operation, and applications, characteristics of sources of interferenceto measurements and the minimization of their effects, minimizing coupling of external noise into the equipment under test by measurements, estimating the effect of a measurement on equipment operation, using digital scopes for single shot noise measurements, prediction of equipment electromagnetic interference (EMI) emission and susceptibility of performance, null experiments for validating measurement data, the relationship between high frequency noise and final product reliability. With governmental regulations and MIL standards now governing the emission of high frequency electronic noise and the susceptibility to pulsed EMI, the information presented in this guide is extremely pertinent. Electrical engineers will find High Frequency Measurements and Noise in Electronic Circuits an essential desktop reference for information and solutions, and engineering students will rely on it as a virtual source book for deciphering the "mysteries" unique to high frequency electronic circuits.