Dynamic fracture in solids has attracted much attention for over a century from engineers as well as physicists due both to its technological interest and to inherent scientific curiosity. Rapidly applied loads are encountered in a number of technical applications. In some cases such loads might be applied deliberately, as for example in problems of blasting, mining, and comminution or fragmentation; in other cases, such dynamic loads might arise from accidental conditions. Regardless of the origin of the rapid loading, it is necessary to understand the mechanisms and mechanics of fracture under dynamic loading conditions in order to design suitable procedures for assessing the susceptibility to fracture. Quite apart from its repercussions in the area of structural integrity, fundamental scientific curiosity has continued to play a large role in engendering interest in dynamic fracture problems
* In-depth coverage of the mechanics, experimental methods, practical applications
* Summary of material response of different materials
* Discussion of unresolved issues in dynamic fracture

This volume contains 18 papers selected from 90 presented at the Fifth International Conference on Biaxial/Multiaxial Fatigue and Fracture held in Cracow, Poland 8-12 September 1997. The papers in this book deal with theoretical, computational and experimental aspects of the multiaxial fatigue and fracture of engineering materials and structures. The papers are divided into the following four categories:
1. Proportional cyclic loading
2. Non-proportional cyclic loading
3. Variable amplitude and random loading
4. Crack growth

Most papers in this publication talk about the behaviour of constructional materials and elements of machines under non-proportional loading and under variable amplitude and random loading, which are more realistic load histories met in industrial practice. Variable amplitude loading under cyclic load with basic frequency and random loading under load with a continuous band of frequency is classified here. This book gives a review of the latest world success and directions of investigations on multiaxial fatigue and fracture. More and more often publications are results of the co-operation of researchers from different laboratories and countries. Seven out of eighteen papers included here were worked out by international authors teams. This is a symptom of the times, when science and investigations know no borders.

ASM Handbook, Volume 19 is the first comprehensive reference book to put critical information on both fatigue and fracture mechanics in one convenient volume. It provides comprehensive data on a broad spectrum of engineering structural materials and alloys. The volume covers mechanisms, testing, analysis, and characterization. Vital for design, testing, and material selectionPractical information for estimating fatigue life In-depth coverage of practical fracture mechanics for life assessment, life extension, and fracture control Thorough coverage of key structural materials, weldments and components You'll learn about fatigue and fracture from both the fundamental and practical standpoint. It's the essential data necessary for you to make informed decisions on alloy design and material selection. You'll also gain valuable insight into fracture control, life assessment, and failure analysis. Providing a working knowledge of fatigue and fracture properties in actual engineering practice, this Handbook is especially useful in evaluating test data and helping you understand the key variables that affect results. It will also give you a better grasp of fracture mechanics to aid you in life assessment and life extension of components. Two and a half years in development, this book is a wide collection of articles contributed by almost 100 leading international authorities, then refined by exhaustive peer review. It's an absolute must for component designers, mechanical engineers, metallurgists, materials scientists, and engineering students who are involved in the testing, analysis, or use of fatigue and fracture properties. Sections include: Fatigue Mechanisms, Crack Growth, Testing, Engineering Aspects of Fatigue Life, Fracture Mechanics of Engineering Materials, Fatigue and Fracture Control, Castings, Weldments, Wrought Steels, Aluminum Alloys, Titanium Alloys and Superalloys, Other Structural Alloys, Solders, Advanced Materials. Appendices contain comprehensive coverage of fatigue strength parameters and stress-intensity factors.

Experimental stress analysis is an important tool in the overall design and development of machinery and structures. While analytical techniques and computer solutions are available during the design stage, the results are still dependent on many assumptions that must be made in order to adapt them to the problems at hand. One popular method of finding structural and design weaknesses is through the use of the electrical resistance strain gage. These devices are relatively low in cost, easily applied by a reasonably skilled technician, and require little investment in instrumentation (for the general user), yet they yield a wealth of information in a relatively short time period. The information and its validity is, of course, dependent on the training and knowledge of the engineer who plans the tests and reduces the data. In addition to serving as a reference for engineers, this practical, instructive book has a high potential as a textbook for senior and first-year graduate students in engineering and related fields, such as engineering physics and geology. A solutions manual is available to instructors using the book as a text. To request a free copy of the manual, please write: Peter Gordon, Engineering Editor, Oxford University Press, 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016.

Results of the 5 Year Program for Fatigue of Offshore Steel Structures

Experiments on fracture of materials are made for various purposes. Of primary importance are those through which criteria predicting material failure by deformation and/or fracture are investigated. Since the demands of engineering application always precede the development of theories, there is another kind of experiment where conditions under which a particular material can fail are simulated as closely as possible to the operational situation but in a simplified and standardized form. In this way, many of the parameters corresponding to fracture such as toughness, Charpy values, crack opening distance (COD), etc. are measured. Obviously, a sound knowledge of the physical theories governing material failure is necessary as the quantity of interest can seldom be evaluated in a direct manner. Critical stress intensity factors and critical energy release rates are examples. Standard test of materials should be distinguished from basic experi ments. They are performed to provide routine information on materials responding to certain conditions of loading or environment. The tension test with or without a crack is among one of the most widely used tests. Because they affect the results, with size and shape of the specimen, the rate of loading, temperature and crack configuration are standardized to enable comparison and reproducibility of results. The American Society for Testing Materials (ASTM) provides a great deal of information on recommended procedures and methods of testing. The objective is to standardize specifications for materials and definition of technical terms.

A crucial element of structural and continuum mechanics, stability theory has limitless applications in civil, mechanical, aerospace, naval and nuclear engineering. This text of unparalleled scope presents a comprehensive exposition of the principles and applications of stability analysis. It has been proven as a text for introductory courses and various advanced courses for graduate students. It is also prized as an exhaustive reference for engineers and researchers.The authors' focus on understanding of the basic principles rather than excessive detailed solutions, and their treatment of each subject proceed from simple examples to general concepts and rigorous formulations. All the results are derived using as simple mathematics as possible. Numerous examples are given and 700 exercise problems help in attaining a firm grasp of this central aspect of solid mechanics.The book is an unabridged republication of the 1991 edition by Oxford University Press and the 2003 edition by Dover, updated with 18 pages of end notes.

This new second edition serves as a go-to reference on the complex subject of stress corrosion cracking (SCC), offering information to help metallurgists, materials scientists, and designers determine whether SCC will be an issue for their design or applications; and for the failure analyst to help determine if SCC played a role in a failure under investigation. Research conducted over the last 20 years warranted new coverage on crack tip chemistry analysis and modeling, SCC of low strength steels in alcohol, SCC in new high strength steels, new data in SCC of stainless steels and nickel-based alloys, SCC of copper alloys in potable water, and hydrogen induced cracking of aluminium alloys. Additional case studies and a section on high strength low alloy steels were added. An appendix of relevant standards pertaining to SCC is also included. The book details the many conditions under which SCC can occur, the parameters which control SCC, and methodologies for mitigating and testing for SCC, plus information on the mechanism of SCC with experimental data on a variety of materials. It contains information about the environmental, mechanical, microstructural and chemical aspects of SCC to help predict and prevent component failure. Chapters include coverage of SCC in these materials: carbon, and low-alloy steels; high-strength steels; stainless steels; nickle-base alloys; copper alloys; magnesium alloys; titanium alloys; zirconium alloys; uranium alloys; amorphous alloys; and glasses and ceramics.

A complete and comprehensive theory of failure is developed for homogeneous and isotropic materials. The full range of materials types are covered from very ductile metals to extremely brittle glasses and minerals. Two failure properties suffice to predict the general failure conditions under all states of stress. With this foundation to build upon, many other aspects of failure are also treated, such as extensions to anisotropic fiber composites, cumulative damage, creep and fatigue, and microscale and nanoscale approaches to failure.

A translation of "Raschet Stroitel 'Nikh Konstruktsii Uchetom Polzuchesti," published in Moscow in 1988. This is a presentation of the general principles and methods of design of continuous solid bodies and elemental reinforcement systems in materials which possess creep and ageing properties.

The papers in this volume provide coverage of topics including: dynamical response synthesis; vibroacoustics; finite element analysis; optimization and design; modelling of damage and fracture; geometric and material nonlinearity; and system identification and parameter estimation.

This book of problem sets and answers, based on notes for a graduate course in structural geology at UCLA, is a review of the mathematics of vectors and of stress and strain, including finite strain. The main purpose of the problem sets is to "Illuminate branches of physics pertinent to geology, including structural geology, glaciology, crystallography, crystal physics, the geophysics of heat flow and others." Students of geology who have only a modest background in mathematics may wish to become familiar with theories of stress, strain, and other tensor quantities, so that they can follow, and apply to their own research, developments in modern, quantitative geology. A set of 136 progressively more complex problems is introduced in eight chapters, which advance from vector algebra in standard and subscript notations to the mathematical description of finite strain and its compounding and decomposition. A complete set of fully worked solutions for the problems makes up the largest part of the book. With its help, students, guided by an instructor or self-taught, can avoid pitfalls and monitor their progress. Eventually, geologists who have worked their way through these problems should be able to confidently use the subscript and matrix notations and to formulate and solve tensor problems on their own.

Professor Fenner's definitive text is now back in print, with added corrections. It serves as an introduction to finite element methods for engineering undergraduates and other students at an equivalent level. Postgraduate and practising engineers will also find it useful if they are comparatively new to finite element methods.The main emphasis is on the simplest methods suitable for solving two-dimensional continuum mechanics problems, particularly those encountered in the fields of stress analysis, fluid mechanics and heat transfer. Complete FORTRAN programs are presented, described and discussed in detail, and several practical case studies serve to illustrate the methods developed in the book.Finite element methods are compared and contrasted with finite difference methods, and throughout the level of computer programming, continuum mechanics, numerical analysis, matrix algebra and other mathematics employed corresponds to that normally covered in undergraduate engineering courses.

This unified guide brings together the underlying principles, and predictable material responses, that connect metals, polymers, brittle solids and energetic materials as they respond to extreme external stresses. Previously disparate scientific principles, concepts and terminology are combined within a single theoretical framework, across different materials and scales, to provide all the tools necessary to understand, and calculate, the responses of materials and structures to extreme static and dynamic loading. Real-world examples illustrate how material behaviours produce a component response, enabling recognition and avoidance of the deformation mechanisms that contribute to mechanical failure. A final synoptic chapter presents a case study of extreme conditions brought about by the infamous Chicxulub impact event. Bringing together simple concepts from diverse fields into a single, accessible, rigourous text, this is an indispensable reference for all researchers and practitioners in materials science, mechanical engineering, physics, physical chemistry and geophysics.

These proceedings from the David L. Davidson Symposium on High-Cycle Fatigue review the current research activities and assess the state-of-the-art in high-cycle fatigue, which has become a major concern in the design of engineering components and structures. This volume will include papers on a basic understanding of failure mechanisms, experimental methods and studies, modelling and simulation, and life-prediction methodology. This volume will also contain papers from the Fatigue of High Temperature Alloys Symposium, which deals with fatigue behaviour of high temperature alloys, including crack initiation and propagation modes.