Diese Studie verknupft die Kapitalanlageentscheidungen privater Haushalte im internationalen Rahmen mit der Konvergenz von Rechnungslegungssystemen. Hierzu betrachtet der Autor zunachst die Investitionsentscheidungen privater Investoren aus einer mikrooekonomischen Perspektive, um darauf aufbauend die Rechnungslegungskonvergenz und ihre positiven Effekte auf internationale Investitionen oekonometrisch mittels des Gravitationsmodells zu untersuchen. Hierbei senken sowohl eine Konvergenz im Bereich des Disclosures als auch des Enforcements die landerubergreifenden Informationskosten und foerdern so internationale Investitionen. Die Untersuchung macht deutlich, dass Disclosure und Enforcement in einer interdependenten Beziehung stehen: So ist die Wirkung der Disclosure-Konvergenz umso starker, je mehr das Enforcement konvergiert.

This book addresses a specific subset of nonprofits that are chartered with a single mission: decrease the burden of government. Designing and engaging nonprofits to lessen the burden of government requires a specific description and acknowledgement of the burden to be lessened, and these may include the provision of infrastructure, the relief of debt, or the provision of general public services that are not motivated by charity. It also requires the assignment of specific operating powers to the nonprofit including the power of eminent domain. This book explores these and other related topics including the avoidance of resource dependence on government when attempting to reduce its burden. The book is addressed to the policy makers and rule makers who design policies that affect the ability of the nonprofit to effectively lessen the burden of government. It is also addressed to public administrators in search of innovative ways of implementing these policies consistent with the laws, and to the creative nonprofit managers who are charged with carrying out the mission often in collaboration with the government or other entities. To the advanced student in all related fields, the author offers not only material for discussion, but enables discovery of what is possible by giving key examples of organizations meeting the terms and objective of lessening a significant burden of government.

Die 16. FORSI-Sicherheitswirtschaftstage knupften an die von Professor Stober begrundete, uber 15-jahrige Tradition des Forschungsinstituts fur Compliance, Sicherheitswirtschaft und Unternehmenssicherheit (FORSI) an und fanden unter dem Leitsatz "Unternehmenssicherheit und Sicherheitswirtschaft - Wachsende Bedeutung, wachsender Anspruch!?" statt. Die Referenten nutzten den Themenkomplex, um kritische Aspekte der aktuellen Entwicklung in der Sicherheitsbranche aufzuzeigen. Der Tagungsband berichtet uber die Ergebnisse der Sicherheitswirtschaftstage 2015 und befasst sich mit aktuellen Sicherheitsfragen aus der Perspektive von staatlichen Aufsichtsbehoerden, Fuhrungskraften der privaten Sicherheitswirtschaft, Polizei, Verbandsvertretern, Rechtsanwalten, Datenschutzern sowie Wissenschaftlern.

Das Buch widmet sich dem deutschen Strommarkt und der Herausforderung, ein ideales Gleichgewicht zwischen den anteilig abnehmenden konventionellen Kraftwerken und den zunehmenden erneuerbaren Erzeugungsanlagen zu erreichen. Durch die meteorologisch abhangige Einspeisung regenerativer Energien bildet das Thema der Gewahrleistung von Versorgungssicherheit im zukunftigen Energiesystem den Mittelpunkt kontroverser Diskussionen. Ein Kapazitatsmechanismus als erganzendes Absicherungsinstrument zum Strommarkt stellt eine Moeglichkeit dar, mit der der Versorgungssicherheitsdebatte begegnet werden kann. Um einen fur Deutschland adaquaten Ansatz zu ermitteln, betrachtet die Autorin internationale Modelle (Schweden/USA), die auf Basis eines Kriterien-Vergleichs ein geeignetes Instrument abbilden koennten.

Managerial decisions are considerably influenced by taxes: e.g. the choice of location, buying or leasing decisions, or the proper mix of debt and equity in the company's capital structure increasingly demand qualified employees in an economic environment that is becoming more and more complex. Due to the worldwide economic integration and constant changes in tax legislation, companies are faced with new challenges - and the need for information and advice is growing accordingly. This book's goal is to identify and quantify possible tax effects on companies' investment strategies and financing policies. It does not focus on details of tax law, but instead seeks to address students and practitioners focusing on corporate finance, accounting, investment banking and strategy consulting.

This book presents a theoretical framework to explain chronic inflation and hyperinflation. The roots of these two phenomenon are a fiscal monetary regime in which money issues finance the public deficit. Chronic inflation is modeled by using both the old and the new Keynesian model, with a different policy rule. Instead of using the Taylor rule, the central bank policy rule states that money is issued to finance the public deficit. The chronic inflation models take into account the fact that indexation mechanisms adjust prices and wages, yielding the inertial component of inflation. The dynamics of these models can be very unstable under parameter changes or shocks that hit the economy. The previous hyperinflation models surveyed in this book attempt to explain hyperinflation as a bubble phenomenon because they assume a constant real deficit financed by money. The mechanics of hyperinflation models in this book explains hyperinflation by a fiscal crisis, characterized by an increasing fiscal deficit. This fiscal crisis yields an intertemporal budget constraint that is not sustainable. The analysis of the pathology of hyperinflation uses the same tools employed to understand the pathologies of public debt and external debt crises. The hyperinflation model allows a taxonomy of hyperinflations, namely bubble, weak and strong, that can be tested with the inflation tax revenue curve.

An engaging and enlightening account of taxation told through lively, dramatic, and sometimes ludicrous stories drawn from around the world and across the ages Governments have always struggled to tax in ways that are effective and tolerably fair. Sometimes they fail grotesquely, as when, in 1898, the British ignited a rebellion in Sierra Leone by imposing a tax on huts-and, in repressing it, ended up burning the very huts they intended to tax. Sometimes they succeed astonishingly, as when, in eighteenth-century Britain, a cut in the tax on tea massively increased revenue. In this entertaining book, two leading authorities on taxation, Michael Keen and Joel Slemrod, provide a fascinating and informative tour through these and many other episodes in tax history, both preposterous and dramatic-from the plundering described by Herodotus and an Incan tax payable in lice to the (misremembered) Boston Tea Party and the scandals of the Panama Papers. Along the way, readers meet a colorful cast of tax rascals, and even a few tax heroes. While it is hard to fathom the inspiration behind such taxes as one on ships that tended to make them sink, Keen and Slemrod show that yesterday's tax systems have more in common with ours than we may think. Georgian England's window tax now seems quaint, but was an ingenious way of judging wealth unobtrusively. And Tsar Peter the Great's tax on beards aimed to induce the nobility to shave, much like today's carbon taxes aim to slow global warming. Rebellion, Rascals, and Revenue is a surprising and one-of-a-kind account of how history illuminates the perennial challenges and timeless principles of taxation-and how the past holds clues to solving the tax problems of today.

This book deals with foundation law in various European countries. It sums up contributions from the most outstanding experts in foundation law in fourteen countries. These are either civil law or common law, and their socio-economical situation is considerably different. Despite the outstanding differences in each country, foundations have been growing in number and importance all over Europe in the last decades. Political, economical and social changes occurred in various European countries increased foundations' role. The need to focus on foundations' laws and regulations arose in many States for different reasons. The contributions in this book focus in particular on the recent development of foundation law, on the evolution foundations have undergone in recent years and on trends in law.

The objective of the authors and publishers of Silke: SA Income Tax is to provide a book that simplifies the understanding and application of tax legislation in a South African context for both students and general practitioners.

Mit der Einfuhrung des "Gesetzes zur Foerderung der Mediation und anderer Verfahren der aussergerichtlichen Konfliktbeilegung" wurde in Deutschland auch das Guterichterverfahren an den Gerichten implementiert. Die Autorin untersucht, inwiefern das Guterichterverfahren die aussergerichtliche Mediation erganzt oder ihr als Konkurrenz gegenubersteht. Nach einem UEberblick uber beide Verfahrensarten diskutiert sie insbesondere die wichtigen Punkte der Freiwilligkeit der Teilnahme, die Vertraulichkeit der beiden Verfahren sowie die Ausbildungsqualitat und stellt die Kosten beider Verfahren gegenuber. Sie macht rechtspolitische Vorschlage, um sowohl die aussergerichtliche wie auch das Guterichterverfahren bekannter zu machen.

Shortly before of the beginning of the global financial crisis of 2008 REITs were introduced in several European countries based on their success in mature markets like the US, Australia and some Asian countries. While the history of REITs in Europe has been relatively brief, REITs are well on the way to become an industry standard as a real estate investment financial vehicle not only in Europe but throughout the developed world. This book provides both academics and decision makers an introduction to the economics of REITs beyond tax transparency, an overview of the mature REITs markets, and a closer reflection of the development of different REIT-structures in Europe including the history, regulation and markets of each country.

This book provides an exhaustive overview of China's accounting standards and makes a clear comparison between Chinese and international accounting systems. It offers an essential guide to dealing with new accounting standards for business enterprises in China. The guide provides valuable support to accountants and professionals when comparing the new standards adopted in China with the corresponding principles under IAS/IFRS and appraising potential outcomes. The comparative approach together with comments and easy-to-use numerical examples allow readers to quickly grasp these accounting systems.

Der Autor untersucht den Stellenwert volkswirtschaftlicher Inhalte innerhalb der kaufmannischen Berufsbildung. Wahrend fachorientierte Lehrplane durch enge inhaltliche Vorgaben gekennzeichnet sind, eroeffnen lernfeldbasierte Rahmenlehrplane mit Blick auf die unterrichtliche Umsetzung unterschiedliche inhaltliche Schwerpunktsetzungen. Der Autor zeichnet die fachliche Genese volkswirtschaftlicher Inhalte nach und pruft, welche Einflussfaktoren die unterrichtliche Relevanz volkswirtschaftlicher Inhalte beeinflussen. In diesem Rahmen stehen personelle Aspekte auf Seiten der Lehrpersonen sowie die Wirkung von Abschlussprufungen im Fokus der Arbeit.

Der nordrhein-westfalische Entwurf zur Einfuhrung eines Verbandsstrafgesetzes hat die langjahrige Diskussion um die Einfuhrung eines Unternehmensstrafrechts wieder entfacht. Der Autor nimmt den Gesetzesentwurf zum Anlass, um die bislang vorwiegend im Strafrecht diskutierte Problematik einer kriminalstrafrechtlichen Sanktionierung von Unternehmen aus der Perspektive des Gesellschaftsrechts zu untersuchen. Hierbei analysiert er, ob der vorgelegte Entwurf gesellschaftsrechtliche Wertungen hinreichend berucksichtigt und zieht sodann Gedanken des Gesellschaftsrechts fur konzeptionelle Erwagungen zur Ausgestaltung eines Verbandsstrafgesetzbuchs heran.

The purpose of this book is to set out the basic principles and conceptual issues of the International Financial Reporting Standards (IFRS).

Dieser Band der Bad Orber Gesprache 2015 enthalt die erweiterten Referate eines interdisziplinaren Workshops zum Thema "Entwicklung und Wandel in der Gesundheitspolitik". Vertreter des Deutschen Bundestages, des Gemeinsamen Bundesausschusses, des GKV-Spitzenverbandes, der Krankenkassen, der Kassenarztlichen Bundesvereinigung, der pharmazeutischen Industrie und der Wissenschaft eroertern Probleme des Wettbewerbs im Gesundheitswesen, der Versorgung an der Schnittstelle ambulant/stationar, der Innovationsanreize sowie der Nutzenbewertung und Versorgungssteuerung im Arzneimittelbereich.

Why are so many trapped in poverty, when others are grossly well-off? Why are house prices continuously rising faster than inflation? Why do people so often find themselves in jobs that give them little sense of fulfilment? Why is a multi-national coffee shop franchise not actually making its money from coffee. These questions have confronted the UK economy for decades without resolution by governments of the right or left. It is the failure of economics, the author argues. Economists have long asserted that three factors of production, land, labour and capital, lie at the root of their subject. Yet in the development of the subject into theories and practical applications there has been a thorough analysis of labour and capital but a grievous omission of the factor of land. This is reflected in the minimal place it holds in modern textbooks, in popular discussion and political debate. Much of the argument about major issues, like industrial policy, the distribution of wealth and income and government policy reverts to a polarised struggle between two antagonists, labour and capital. The third factor, land, hides in the background unacknowledged yet exerting a major influence on the outcome of the whole economic process. What needs to change, the author argues, are deeply embedded features, which have generally been established for a very long time. They are principally the taxation system, the land tenure system, and the banking system. Review copies and media publicity is being sought as the subject matter of the book is very topical - the general recognition that the system isn't working for all.

'A brief but crucially important book' Marcus Chown In The Joy of Tax, tax campaigner Richard Murphy challenges almost every idea you have about tax. For him, tax is fundamentally about the ideas that shape the sort of society we want to live in, not technicalities. His intention is to demonstrate that there is indeed a joy in tax, and by embracing it we can create a fairer society and change the world for the better. Tax has been a feature of human society for a very long time. Almost no one gives tax a good press even though, as Richard Murphy argues, it has been fundamental to the development of democracy the world over. Whilst we may not like tax very much, in contrast it is clear that we really do like the public services which governments provide. So much so, in fact, that for most of the last 300 years, people have been more than happy for governments to run deficits by spending more than they raise in taxation. 2008 apparently changed all that. The issues of debt, deficits, cuts and austerity have dominated the political agenda ever since. Virtually every aspect of the government's finances and how to rearrange them in the forlorn hope of balancing the books has been discussed in great detail. Despite that, there has been almost no real discussion during this period about what tax is for and how it contributes to the creation of the society we aspire to.

This book addresses sixteen different reform proposals that are urgently needed to correct the fault lines in the international tax system as it exists today, and which deprive both developing and developed countries of critical tax resources. It offers clear and concrete ideas on how the reforms can be achieved and why they are important for a more just and equitable global system to prevail. The key to reducing the tax gap and consequent human rights deficit in poor countries is global financial transparency. Such transparency is essential to curbing illicit financial flows that drain less developed countries of capital and tax revenues, and are an impediment to sustainable development. A major break-through for financial transparency is now within reach. The policy reforms outlined in this book not only advance tax justice but also protect human rights by curtailing illegal activity and making available more resources for development. While the reforms are realistic they require both political and an informed and engaged civil society that can put pressure on governments and policy makers to act.

Passcards provides all the knowledge required for the Indirect Tax unit. Passcards are A6, spiral bound revision aids which students can carry to revise wherever, whenever. Features include:topics presented in the same order as the Course Book, ability to focus on tricky syllabus areas, aid revision by giving clear, visual emphasis to key points, suitable for both paper and computer based exams. Our materials and online equivalents will help ensure you are ready for your assessments and prepared for your career in accounting.

This book seeks to expand analytically on standard institutionalist accounts of taxation by bringing into the explanatory framework the importance of institutional strength (not just design) as well as informal institutions (in addition to formal ones) for policy reform.

Valuing Intellectual Capital provides readers with prescriptive strategies and practical insights for estimating the value of intellectual property (IP) and the people who create that IP within multinational companies. This book addresses the crucial topic of taxation from a rigorous and quantitative perspective, backed by experience and original research that illustrates how large corporations need to measure the worth of their intangible assets. Each method in the text is applied through the lens of a model corporation, in order for readers to understand and quantify the operation of a real-world multinational enterprise and pinpoint how companies easily misvalue their intellectual capital when transferring IP rights to offshore tax havens. The effect contributes to the issues that can lead to budgetary crises, such as the so-called "fiscal cliff" that was partially averted by passage of the American Taxpayer Relief Act on New Year's day 2013. This book also features a chapter containing recommendations for a fair and balanced corporate tax structure free of misvaluation and questionable mechanisms. CFOs, corporate auditors, corporate financial analysts, corporate financial planners, economists, and journalists working with issues of taxation will benefit from the concepts and background presented in the book. The material clearly indicates how a trustworthy valuation of intellectual capital allows a realistic assessment of a company's income, earnings, and obligations. Because of the intense interest in the topic of corporate tax avoidance the material is organized to be accessible to a broad audience.

The Fund Reporting Cloud (R) has made tax reporting less complex, but comparing the effective tax treatment of investment funds and their investors in an international environment is still an ambitious task. Against this background, this study examines the tax consequences at fund, asset, and investor level. In geographical terms our comparison covers eleven European countries, the USA, and Japan. Our analysis of the relevant tax provisions, which is of a primarily qualitative nature, is complemented by a quantitative comparison of the tax burden for a model investor investing assets nationally in the form of a collective investment. It will be of interest both for investors seeking tax advantages and for governments to check whether there is a need for tax reforms. It also ties in perfectly with the current evaluations at OECD level in the context of TRACE.

You are paying much more in tax than you think you are What Everyone Needs to Know About Tax takes an entertaining and informative look at the UK tax system in all its glory to show you just how much you pay, how the money is collected and how it affects ordinary people every day. Giving context to recent controversies including the Panama Papers, tax avoidance by multinationals, Brexit and more, this book provides a straightforward explanation of tax and the policy behind it for non-specialists no accounting or legal knowledge is required. The system's underlying logic is illustrated through three 'golden rules' that explain many of the UK tax regime's oddities, and the discussion focuses on the way things are rather than utopian ideas about how they might be. Case studies show how the VAT on a plumber's bill all adds up; why fraudsters made a movie to throw HMRC off their scent; how a wealthy couple can pay so little tax on a six-figure income; and the way tracing the money you paid for your iPad sheds light why the EU is demanding Apple pay billions extra in tax. Ever the political battlefield, tax is too important for you to rely on media hype for information. It affects everyone, every day, and it pays for voters and taxpayers to know more. This book leaves aside technical detail and the arcana of the tax code to give you a real-world look at how tax works. * Learn about the many ways that the tax system separates us from our money * Discover how Brexit could change the way we pay taxes * Understand how changing tax policy affects people's everyday lives * See through the rhetoric surrounding controversies in the media With tax, we have to admit that there are no easy answers. No one enjoys paying them, but without them, the Government would shut down. Seeing through politicians' cant and superficial press coverage is critical for your ability to make the decisions that benefit you; What Everyone Needs to Know About Tax gives you the background and foundational knowledge you need to be a well-informed taxpayer.