Tax Insight: For Tax Year 2014 and Beyond will teach you to take control of life's biggest expense-taxes. In your lifetime, you will spend more money on taxes than on anything else. Despite that fact, you likely know the current prices of movies and milk but don't know what your marginal tax rate is. You know where to get the cheapest gallon of gas to save a buck or two, but you don't give a thought to the tax strategies you should be using right now that would save you thousands. It's not hard to understand why--taxes are complicated, unpleasant, and confusing. In Tax Insight, tax expert Casey Murdock opens up the world of taxes with amazing clarity and simplicity. As you will discover, you have within reach numerous ways to reduce your taxes. With everyday language and real-life examples, Tax Insight will give you the keys to minimizing your tax burden. This book contains information you need even if you have a tax advisor or use a program like TurboTax. Tax professionals are busy and sometimes too cautious, and programs often miss opportunities for you to save money. It's also for those of all ages and income levels, including business owners. Tax Insight: Breaks down the key components of taxes with ease and simplicity. Provides a roadmap to paying as little tax as possible. Helps you know if you should do it yourself or hire a professional. While there are many encyclopedic books on taxes-like J.K. Lasser's Your Taxes-there aren't nearly enough that describe the tax code in plain language. Far more than a rehash of impenetrable IRS "help" documents, Tax Insight is organized the way most people think and presents ideas in clear, simple language. If you buy this book and take advantage of its advice, you will save money.

Renommierte Autoren aus Wissenschaft und Praxis behandeln die wichtigsten Herausforderungen, denen sich die Wirtschaftspolitik zu Beginn des 21. Jahrhunderts gegenubersieht. Im Bereich der Finanzpolitik werden unter anderem die Notwendigkeit weiterer Steuerreformen, die Rolle oeffentlicher Unternehmen in einer modernen Marktwirtschaft und Probleme der Finanzverfassung diskutiert. In dem der Sozialpolitik gewidmeten Teil geht es sowohl um grundsatzliche Fragen (wie die der Vereinbarkeit von Sozialstaat und Marktwirtschaft) als auch um aktuelle Reformen in der Gesundheits-, Renten- und Beschaftigungspolitik. Die geldpolitischen Beitrage spannen schliesslich einen Bogen von der politoekonomischen Analyse der Einfuhrung des Euro uber die Eroerterung moeglicher Konflikte zwischen Geld- und Finanzpolitik bis zur Untersuchung der volkswirtschaftlichen Bedeutung von elektronischem Geld.

Die Steuersysteme im 19. Jahrhundert entstanden im Gefolge der neuen liberalen Grundlagenphilosophie von 1789 und den damit verbundenen neuen Staatsordnungen. Sie l-sten die alten feudalen Abgaben und Dienste ab. Von Frankreich ausgehend, entwickelte sich in den meisten mittel- und s}deurop{ischen Staaten der Typ der direkten objektiven Ertragsteuern. Sie sollten die Individuen vor staatlicher Steuerwillk}r besonders gut sch}tzen. Wegen ihrer Schwerf{lligkeit gegen}ber nderungen konnten diese Steuern jedochdie wirtschaftlichen und gesellschaftlichen Folgen der Industrialisierung nur ungen}gend aufnehmen. Die Ertragsteuern wurden abgel-st durch den revolution{r neuen Typ der englischen subjektiven Einkommensteuer, die bereits 1799 als au erordentliche Kriegssteuer entwickelt worden war. Die preu ische Einkommensteuer von 1891 blieb f}r Deutschland bis heute richtungweisend. Die bewegliche Einkommensteuer pa te sich den Wechseln der Industrialisierung ebenso elastisch an wie den sich {ndernden Staatszwecken: vom liberalen Nachtw{chterstaat, den es im w-rtlichen Sinne kaum gegeben hat, hin zum Rechts-, Lenkungs- und Sozialstaat. Die Steuer wurde zu einem bevorzugten Instrument der Innenpolitik. Die Staatshaushalte zeigen diese nderungen und die milit{rischen Auseinandersetzungen der europ{ischen Staaten mit gro er Deutlichkeit bei ihren Einnahmen und Ausgaben.

Das deutsche Steuer- und Rentenrecht ist den Anforderungen dieser Zeit nicht gewachsen. Zwar hat sich die Politik zaghaft an einer Reform des Steuer- und Rentensystems versucht, eine zukunftstrachtige Losung der Probleme aber wurde nicht gefunden. Zur Beseitigung dieses Defizits haben die Referenten des im Juni 2001 vom Heidelberger Steuerkreis veranstalteten Kongresses "Integriertes Steuer- und Sozialsystem in der Zukunft" eine Fulle von Reformvorschlagen vorgelegt. Ihre in diesem Band veroffentlichten Beitrage richten sich auf Deutschlands Reformfahigkeit uberhaupt, die Leitbilder eines zukunftigen Steuer- und Sozialsystems, ein moglichst einfaches und zugleich faires Steuersystem, ein generationengerechtes Rentensystem und die Integration von Steuer- und Transfersystem."

Die in regelmassigen Abstanden erscheinenden "Berichte zur Lage des Eigentums" thematisieren die Problem- und Erkenntnisfelder im Umfeld des Privateigentums in all seinen relevanten Bezugen, aus allen wissenschaftlichen Forschungsrichtungen sowie in nationaler, europaischer und globaler Perspektive. Im vorliegenden ersten Bericht stehen juristische Fragestellungen im Vordergrund. Am Beginn indes steht eine eigentumstheoretische Analyse zur sozialen Funktion des Eigentums von Christoph Engel. Otto Depenheuer skizziert, analysiert und kommentiert die fur das nationale Eigentumsrecht grundlegende Rechtsprechungsentwicklung des Bundesverfassungsgerichts zu Art. 14 GG. Thomas von Danwitz gibt einen umfassenden Uberblick uber den internationalen Eigentumsschutz in Europa und auf der Ebene der Welthandelsorganisation."

Why have Americans severely limited the estate and gift tax - ostensibly targeted at only the very wealthy - but greatly expanded the subsidies to low-wage workers through the Earned Income Tax Credit, now the single largest poverty program in the country? Why do people hate the property tax so much, yet seemingly revolt against it only during periods of economic change? Why are some groups of taxpayers more obedient to the tax authorities than others, even when they face the same enforcement regime? These puzzling questions all revolve around perceptions of tax fairness. Is the public simply inconsistent? A sympathetic and unified explanation for these attitudes is based on understanding the everyday psychology of fairness and how it comes to be applied in taxation. This book demonstrates how a serious consideration of 'folk justice' can deepen our understanding of how tax systems actually function and how they can perhaps be reformed.

At the turn of the twentieth century, the US system of public finance underwent a dramatic transformation. The late nineteenth-century regime of indirect, hidden, partisan, and regressive taxes was eclipsed in the early twentieth century by a direct, transparent, professionally administered, and progressive tax system. This book uncovers the contested roots and paradoxical consequences of this fundamental shift in American tax law and policy. It argues that the move toward a regime of direct and graduated taxation marked the emergence of a new fiscal polity - a new form of statecraft that was guided not simply by the functional need for greater revenue but by broader social concerns about economic justice, civic identity, bureaucratic capacity, and public power. Between the end of Reconstruction and the onset of the Great Depression, the intellectual, legal, and administrative foundations of the modern fiscal state first took shape. This book explains how and why this new fiscal polity came to be.

Immer mehr Unternehmen und Privatpersonen verlagern ihren Sitz ins Ausland. Das Buch zeigt, welche betriebswirtschaftlichen Uberlegungen fur Unternehmer hinsichtlich Kosten, Umweltauflagen, Belastungen durch Sozialabgaben und Steuern notwendig sind, um bei einer Standort- oder Produktionsverlagerung Gewinnen zu steigern und Verluste zu vermeiden.

This book analyses and compares taxation in different countries. It looks at what tax systems have in common, how they differ and seeks to explain the the similarities and the differences. No attempt is made to confine the analysis on each topic to the same group of countries. Whilst the emphasis is on the larger advanced countries, countries are drawn on from all round the world according to the nature of the topic and the data available. The book seeks to answer questions such as: Why do developing countries rely heavily on indirect taxes? Why is income tax the dominant tax in advanced countries? Why is the property tax the most widely used tax in local government? Why do some countries have more tax expenditures than others? Why has VAT become the dominant sales tax world-wide? Why do less than half OECD countries have annual wealth taxes? Why are there so many differences in the way countries tax corporate income and capital gains? What are the keys to success in tax reform? And many more. In seeking to answer these questions the author draws on economic theory but also recognises the significance of historical, legal and social differences, the importance of constitutional constraints, the influence of geography and globalisation and the often decisive role played by the convictions and whims of politicians.

Taxation has been seen as the domain of charisma-free accountants, lawyers and number crunchers - an unlikely place to encounter big societal questions about democracy, equity or good governance. Yet it is exactly these issues that pervade conversations about taxation among policymakers, tax collectors, civil society activists, journalists and foreign aid donors in Africa today. Tax has become viewed as central to African development. Written by leading international experts, Taxing Africa offers a cutting-edge analysis on all aspects of the continent's tax regime, displaying the crucial role such arrangements have on attempts to create social justice and push economic advancement. From tax evasion by multinational corporations and African elites to how ordinary people navigate complex webs of 'informal' local taxation, the book examines the potential for reform, and how space might be created for enabling locally-led strategies. The eBook editions of this book are available open access under a CC BY-NC 3.0 licence on bloomsburycollections.com.

This first major study of tax structure in pre-Renaissance Spain gives new insight into the condition of the conquered people of postcrusade Valencia. Drawing on tax records, it provides the reader with a fascinating glimpse of life among the thirteenth century Mudejars. By showing the financial links between a medieval ethnic enclave and the dominant society, the author illuminates aspects of intergroup relations that have previously been neglected. This volume is the second in the author's trilogy on Muslim society in Eastern Spain. Originally published in 1976. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

The author is concerned here with the tax treatment of individuals' income from the sole proprietorships and partnerships in manufacturing, finance, trade, agriculture, and professional practice. Attention is paid to the changing relation between the income from sole proprietorship and partnership and the total income of owners. Appendixes contain explanations of figures and concepts. Originally published in 1964. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

This conference volume deals with the question of what the economic impact of a shift in federal taxation toward greater use of indirect taxes would be with respect to the rate of saving and investment, personal effort, the balance of payments, and the efficiency of resource use. A major focus therefore is on the economic growth and balance-of-payments aspects which have been most emphasized in recent proposals for substitution of a sales tax or a value-added tax for part of the existing income tax. Originally published in 1964. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

An informal discussion for the general reader of the most critical problems of taxation, including an important chapter on the income tax. Originally published in 1948. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Contents Foreword, ix I. Introductory, 1 II. The Nature of Protection, 8 III. Critique of Popular, and Fallacious, Arguments for Protection, 17 IV. The Argument for Free Trade, 50 V. Rational Protection, 63 VI. Anti-dumping Legislation and Special Forms of Foreign Trade Control, 89 VII. The Future Commercial Policy of the United States, 107 Appendix I, 134 Appendix II, 150 Originally published in 1942. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Volume 2 of Princeton University studies in papyrology. Originally published in 1938. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Tax law is political. This book highlights and explains the major themes and methodologies of a group of scholars who challenge the traditional claim that tax law is neutral and unbiased. The contributors to this volume include pioneers in the field of critical tax theory, as well as key thinkers who have sustained and expanded the investigation into why the tax laws are the way they are and what impacts tax laws have on historically disempowered groups. This volume, assembled by two law professors who work in the field, is an accessible introduction to this new and growing body of scholarship. It is a resource not only for scholars and students in the fields of taxation and economics, but also for those who engage with critical race theory, feminist legal theory, queer theory, class-based analysis, and social justice generally. Tax is the one area of law that affects everyone in our society, and this book is crucial to understanding its impact.

Tax evasion is a complex phenomenon which is influenced not just by economic motives but by psychological factors as well. Economic-psychological research focuses on individual and social representations of taxation as well as decision-making. In this 2007 book, Erich Kirchler assembles research on tax compliance, with a focus on tax evasion, and integrates the findings into a model based on the interaction climate between tax authorities and taxpayers. The interaction climate is defined by citizens' trust in authorities and the power of authorities to control taxpayers effectively; depending on trust and power, either voluntary compliance, enforced compliance or no compliance are likely outcomes. Featuring chapters on the social representations of taxation, decision-making and self-employed income tax behaviour, this book will appeal to researchers in economic psychology, behavioural economics and public administration.

This conference volume deals with the question of what the economic impact of a shift in federal taxation toward greater use of indirect taxes would be with respect to the rate of saving and investment, personal effort, the balance of payments, and the efficiency of resource use. A major focus therefore is on the economic growth and balance-of-payments aspects which have been most emphasized in recent proposals for substitution of a sales tax or a value-added tax for part of the existing income tax. Originally published in 1964. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

This book is concerned with some of the conceptual and practical problems of measuring the changes in welfare of individuals and the excess burdens arising from taxation. It provides an introductory review of alternative concepts and practical approaches to the measurement of welfare as well as providing a number of practical examples of welfare analyses in a variety of contexts. The excess burden of a tax is a central concept in economics. John Creedy provides an introduction to various concepts of welfare change, paying particular attention to the measurement issues involved. He then applies the methods outlined to the measurement of marginal tax reform and indirect tax reform, with empirical data taken from Australia. He also examines the redistributive effect of price changes in Australia between 1980 and 1995, and the effects of inflation in New Zealand over the period 1993-1995. Finally, he calculates the welfare costs of monopoly and measures the burdens of carbon taxation and welfare. Measuring Welfare Changes and Tax Burdens will be of interest to students and academics working in the areas of public finance and public policy, as well as economists working in government.

Value-added tax (VAT) dominates tax systems around the world. But should every country have a VAT? Is VAT always as good as it could be in economic, equity and administrative terms? In developing and transitional countries the answers to such questions are critical to stability, growth and development. VAT is a critical fiscal tool in most countries. But VAT can sometimes be better designed and almost always better administered. The key questions that must be answered in designing and implementing VAT are essentially the same in all countries. But different tax designs may best suit different countries facing different circumstances. This book reviews experiences with VATs around the world and assesses how the choice of particular design features may affect outcomes in particular contexts.