Scramjet engines are a type of jet engine and rely on the combustion of fuel and an oxidizer to produce thrust. While scramjets are conceptually simple, actual implementation is limited by extreme technical challenges. Hypersonic flight within the atmosphere generates immense drag, and temperatures found on the aircraft and within the engine can be much greater than that of the surrounding air. Maintaining combustion in the supersonic flow presents additional challenges, as the fuel must be injected, mixed, ignited, and burned within milliseconds. Fuel mixing, along with the configuration and positioning of the injectors and the boundary conditions, play a key role in combustion efficiency. Scramjets: Fuel Mixing and Injection Systems discusses how fuel mixing efficiency and the advantage of injection systems can enhance the performance of the scramjets. The book begins with the introduction of the supersonic combustion chamber and explains the main parameters on the mixing rate. The configuration of scramjets is then introduced with special emphasis on the main effective parameters on the mixing of fuel inside the scramjets. In addition, basic concepts and principles on the mixing rate and fuel distribution within scramjets are presented. Main effective parameters such as range of fuel concentration for the efficient combustion, pressure of fuel jet and various arrangement of jet injections are also explained. This book is for aeronautical and mechanical engineers as well as those working in supersonic combustion who need to know the effects of compressibility on combustion, of shocks on mixing and on chemical reactions, and vorticity on the flame anchoring.

Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) has extended the freedom to operate and monitor the activities from remote locations. It has advantages of flying at low altitude, small size, high resolution, lightweight, and portability. UAV and artificial intelligence have started gaining attentions of academic and industrial research. UAV along with machine learning has immense scope in scientific research and has resulted in fast and reliable outputs. Deep learning-based UAV has helped in real time monitoring, data collection and processing, and prediction in the computer/wireless networks, smart cities, military, agriculture and mining. This book covers artificial techniques, pattern recognition, machine and deep learning - based methods and techniques applied to different real time applications of UAV. The main aim is to synthesize the scope and importance of machine learning and deep learning models in enhancing UAV capabilities, solutions to problems and numerous application areas. This book is ideal for researchers, scientists, engineers and designers in academia and industry working in the fields of computer science, computer vision, pattern recognition, machine learning, imaging, feature engineering, UAV and sensing.

Stabilization and Dynamic of Premixed Swirling Flames: Prevaporized, Stratified, Partially, and Fully Premixed Regimes focuses on swirling flames in various premixed modes (stratified, partially, fully, prevaporized) for the combustor, and development and design of current and future swirl-stabilized combustion systems. This includes predicting capabilities, modeling of turbulent combustion, liquid fuel modeling, and a complete overview of stabilization of these flames in aeroengines. The book also discusses the effects of the operating envelope on upstream fresh gases and the subsequent impact of flame speed, combustion, and mixing, the theoretical framework for flame stabilization, and fully lean premixed injector design. Specific attention is paid to ground gas turbine applications, and a comprehensive review of stabilization mechanisms for premixed, partially-premixed, and stratified premixed flames. The last chapter covers the design of a fully premixed injector for future jet engine applications.

Robot Systems for Rail Transit Applications presents the latest advances in robotics and artificial intelligence for railway systems, giving foundational principles and running through special problems in robot systems for rail transit. State-of-the art research in robotics and railway systems is presented alongside a series of real-world examples. Eight chapters give definitions and characteristics of rail transit robot systems, describe assembly and collaborative robots in manufacturing, introduce automated guided vehicles and autonomous rail rapid transit, demonstrate inspection robots, cover trench robots, and explain unmanned aerial vehicles. This book offers an integrated and highly-practical way to approach robotics and artificial intelligence in rail-transit.

Discover all the foul facts about the history of air travel with history's most horrible headlines: in-flight edition. The master of making history fun, Terry Deary, turns his attention to the skies. From the Chinese prisoners who were sent up on kites and the brave but foolish failures who jumped from a height on home-made wings to the first real successes of the Montgolfier balloon and the Wright Brothers' powered flight. It's all in Horrible Histories: Up in the Air: fully illustrated throughout and packed with hair-raising stories - with all the horribly hilarious bits included with a fresh take on the classic Horrible Histories style, perfect for fans old and new the perfect series for anyone looking for a fun and informative read Horrible Histories has been entertaining children and families for generations with books, TV, stage show, magazines, games and 2019's brilliantly funny Horrible Histories: the Movie - Rotten Romans. Get your history right here and collect the whole horrible lot. Read all about it!

Eco-cities and Green Transport presents a systematic, uniform, and structured way to examine different cities at different scales in order to suggest unique solutions appropriate to each scale. The book examines city infrastructure and the built environment, transport system supply and demand, and transport behavior to offer innovative policy solutions for various transport modes. With end of chapter experiences and lessons summarized, the book provides an in-depth analysis of the advantages and disadvantages for transforming cities and their transport systems to meet residents current and future needs. The increasingly rapid growth of global urbanization requires cities to be built in an ecologically sustainable, energy efficient, and livable way. A critical component in achieving these goals is an urban transportation system that uses natural resources as reasonably as possible. The outcome of a ten-year data collection research effort by the author and his team, the book sheds new insights into these challenges using a thorough investigation of traffic systems in 20 cities from 13 countries throughout Asia, Europe, and the United States.

This is an illustrated celebration of the pioneering development of Formula E - the FIA-approved class of auto racing dedicated to electric-powered cars.The Founding Partners of Formula E decided that the event would be a platform to boost sustainable innovations, a gateway to the cities of tomorrow and alternative transport. After the very first Formula E season in 2014-2015, this dream is already becoming a reality - and the best is yet to come. Without fear or favour, Formula E is now moving forward with a critical and (more importantly) enthusiastic approach to encouraging and promoting development of the format. You will find in this book examples of innovations developed at Formula E, or for which Formula E is a fast-track to growth. The set-up of the race is in itself an exceptional event. Here we focus on what is happening behind the scenes. As you will see, Formula E is (much) more than a race. Year after year, we will update this book with new innovations and new exciting partnerships.

Liquid Acquisition Devices for Advanced In-Space Cryogenic Propulsion Systems discusses the importance of reliable cryogenic systems, a pivotal part of everything from engine propulsion to fuel deposits. As some of the most efficient systems involve advanced cryogenic fluid management systems that present challenging issues, the book tackles issues such as the difficulty in obtaining data, the lack of quality data and models, and the complexity in trying to model these systems. The book presents models and experimental data based on rare and hard-to-obtain cryogenic data. Through clear descriptions of practical data and models, readers will explore the development of robust and flexible liquid acquisition devices (LAD) through component-level and full-scale ground experiments, as well as analytical tools. This book presents new and rare experimental data, as well as analytical models, in a fundamental area to the aerospace and space-flight communities. With this data, the reader can consider new and improved ways to design, analyze, and build expensive flight systems.

The Future of Intelligent Transport Systems considers ITS from three perspectives: users, business models and regulation/policy. Topics cover in-vehicle applications, such as autonomous driving, vehicle-to-vehicle/vehicle-to-infrastructure communication, and related applications, such as personalized mobility. The book also examines ITS technology enablers, such as sensing technologies, wireless communication, computational technology, user behavior as part of the transportation chain, financial models that influence ITS, regulations, policies and standards affecting ITS, and the future of ITS applications. Users will find a holistic approach to the most recent technological advances and the future spectrum of mobility.

Vehicle Collision Dynamics provides a unified framework and timely collection of up-to-date results on front crash, side crash and car to car crashes. The book is ideal as a reference, with an approach that's simple, clear, and easy to comprehend. As the mathematical and software-based modelling and analysis of vehicle crash scenarios have not been systematically investigated, this is an ideal source for further study. Numerous academic and industry studies have analyzed vehicle safety during physical crash scenarios, thus material responses during crashes serve as one of the most important performance indices for mechanical design problems. In addition to mathematical methodologies, this book provides thorough coverage of computer simulations, software-based modeling, and an analysis of methods capable of providing more flexibility.

A world-recognized expert in the science of vehicle dynamics, Dr. Thomas Gillespie has created an ideal reference book that has been used by engineers for 30 years, ranging from an introduction to the subject at the university level to a common sight on the desks of engineers throughout the world. As with the original printing, Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics, Revised Edition, strives to find a middle ground by balancing the need to provide detailed conceptual explanations of the engineering principles involved in the dynamics of ground vehicles with equations and example problems that clearly and concisely demonstrate how to apply such principles. A study of this book will ensure that the reader comes away with a solid foundation and is prepared to discuss the subject in detail. Ideal as much for a first course in vehicle dynamics as it is a professional reference, Fundamentals of Vehicle Dynamics, Revised Edition, maintains the tradition of the original by being easy to read and while receiving updates throughout in the form of modernized graphics and improved readability.

Smart Delivery Systems: Solving Complex Vehicle Routing Problems examines both exact and approximate methods for delivering optimal solutions to rich vehicle routing problems, showing both the advantages and disadvantages of each approach. It shows how to apply machine learning and advanced data analysis techniques to improve routing systems, familiarizing readers with the concepts and technologies used in successfully implemented delivery systems. The book explains both the latest theoretical and practical advances in intelligent delivery and scheduling systems and presents practical applications for designing new algorithms for real-life scenarios.

Air Route Networks through Complex Networks Theory connects theory research with network connectivity analysis, providing practitioners with the tools they need to develop more efficient, resilient and profitable air route networks. The book helps airline route planners and executives create more robust route networks that are less vulnerable to disruptions, such as node isolation. The book further explores errors and attacks in complex networks, strategies for detecting critical nodes and cascading failure models to assess and maximize robustness. The book explains how to measure air route network connectivity with complex network representations. Air transport is among the most dynamic and toughest competition industries in today's global economy. The quality of air route network design is a key strategic factor in an airline's viability. These robust networks provide for more stable and secure carrier operations vs. those based simply on existing supply and demand volumes. Node-specific and network-specific representations are covered, along with in-depth coverage of connectivity in special and temporal networks. These collective tools serve as a guide for practitioners seeking to apply complex network theory to the airline industry.

Electromagnetic compatibility and regulatory compliance issues are subjects of great importance in electronics engineering. Avoiding problems regarding an electronic system's operation, while always important, is especially critical in space missions and satellite structures. Many problems can be traced to EM field disturbances as interference from unintended sources and other electromagnetic phenomena. As a result, stringent requirements are to be met in terms of electromagnetic emissions levels. The inclusion of this electromagnetic environment in the design of a multimillion mission can lead to a system that is able to withstand whatever challenge the environment throws at it. Failure to do so may lead to important data corruption or loss, destruction of expensive instruments, waste of resources, and even a total mission failure. Research in this area focuses on the studying of the applications of electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic interference in the space industry. Recent Trends on Electromagnetic Environmental Effects for Aeronautics and Space Applications will provide relevant theoretical frameworks and the latest empirical research findings in electromagnetic compatibility and electromagnetic interference (EMC/EMI) for the aerospace industry. This book examines all the necessary information for all matters that can possibly affect the system design of a spacecraft and can be a useful reference to space system engineers and more. While highlighting topics such as artificial intelligence, electromagnetic testing, environmental shielding, and EMC modelling techniques, this book is ideal for professionals, spacecraft designers, science and data processing managers, electrical and mechanical engineers, EMC testing engineers, and researchers working in the aerospace industry along with practitioners, researchers, academicians, and students looking for necessary information for all the matters that can possibly affect the system design of a spacecraft.