Conceived at a time when biological research on aggression and
violence was drawn into controversy because of sociopolitical
questions about its study, this volume provides an up-to-date
account of recent biological studies performed -- mostly on humans.
A group of scientists recognized the importance of freedom of
inquiry and deemed it vital to address the most promising
biological research in the field. The focus on biological
mechanisms is not meant to imply that biological variables are
paramount as a determinant of violence. Rather, biological
variables operate in conjunction with other variables contributing
to aggression or violence, and a complete understanding of this
phenomenon requires consideration of all influences bearing on it.
This book will familiarize readers with the rapidly growing and
increasingly significant body of knowledge on the biological bases
of human antisocial, aggressive, and violent behaviors. The editors
concentrated on biological influences that support the basic
physiological and biochemical processes of the brain and did not
cover those biological influences that impact on the health of the
individual such as head injury, pregnancy and birth complications,
diet, and exposure to lead and other toxins. They focused on
biological influences to illuminate their role in the complex
behavioral phenomenon of violence.
Three different approaches to the biological study of human
antisocial, aggressive, and violent behaviors are represented --
genetic, neurobiological, and biosocial. Representing each of these
three approaches, individual chapters from investigators in
psychobiology, biological psychiatry, and basic-clinical
neurosciences address the most recent experimental findings,
methods, theory, and common misconceptions in the biological study
of aggression and violence. The areas of primary focus are behavior
and molecular genetics, neurochemistry and hormones, neuroimaging,
psychophysiology and developmental psychobiology. Generally
speaking, investigators following these different approaches have
experience in different scientific backgrounds, select different
methods, generate different analyses, employ different conceptual
definitions for some of the same terms, and assume a different
philosophical stance in attempting to explain violence.
Nevertheless, all are united in their efforts to understand the
biological underpinnings of violence. This book then assumes a
comprehensive approach wherein different levels of analysis and
different approaches inform each other. It is clear from the
studies reported that aggression and violence are multidetermined
phenomena and understanding them requires an interdisciplinary
approach spanning economic, sociopolitical, psychological,
sociological, and criminological as well as biomedical
considerations. Nature (biology) and nurture (experience, context)
are fundamentally inseparable in explaining aggression and
violence; biology may affect experience or context, but experience
or context also influences biology. Both need to be studied in a
search for explanations of this phenomena.
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