Cotton, the most important natural fiber crop, has been improved by
conventional breeding-largely through planned hybridization of
different cotton genotypes, since the discovery of Mendelian
genetics. All these efforts resulted in the development of
resilient high yielding cotton varieties. However, the progress
through conventional breeding procedures is slow because of long
lag periods for developing a variety, little control over the new
genetic combinations, unwanted traits and lack of foolproof
performance testing system. Genomic assays discovered over the last
two decades have made it possible to understand the "language" of
the genome by associating the genes with specific traits. Together
with the more recently established gene-editing tools like
CRISPR-Cas9, the cotton genome can be tailored much more precisely
than ever before. In this regard, genetic information has been
harnessed, through (i) sequencing of the progenitor and cultivated
cotton species, (ii) ongoing mega pan-genome sequencing projects,
(iii) genetic and physical mapping, and (iv) introgression of genes
from alien sources, that resulted in the development of resilient
cotton cultivars. These technologies have been deployed or are
attempting to overcome the challenges of water shortage, excessive
heat in most cotton growing regions, infectious diseases and
infestation of insect pests, as well as rising production cost, for
sustainable cotton production beyond 2030. In this book, new
knowledge generated by the cotton research community and its
application for developing resilient cotton are comprehensively
summarized. This book contributed by well-known cotton researchers
is a timely collection of the challenges and successes of precision
cotton breeding in a changing environment.
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