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Books > Social sciences > Sociology, social studies > Anthropology
The crisis of multiculturalism in the West and the failure of the
Arab uprisings in the Middle East have pushed the question of how
to live peacefully within a diverse society to the forefront of
global discussion. Against this backdrop, Indonesia has taken on a
particular importance: with a population of 265 million people
(87.7 percent of whom are Muslim), Indonesia is both the largest
Muslim-majority country in the world and the third-largest
democracy. In light of its return to electoral democracy from the
authoritarianism of the former New Order regime, some analysts have
argued that Indonesia offers clear proof of the compatibility of
Islam and democracy. Skeptics argue, however, that the growing
religious intolerance that has marred the country's political
transition discredits any claim of the country to democratic
exemplarity. Based on a twenty-month project carried out in several
regions of Indonesia, Indonesian Pluralities: Islam, Citizenship,
and Democracy shows that, in assessing the quality and dynamics of
democracy and citizenship in Indonesia today, we must examine not
only elections and official politics, but also the less formal, yet
more pervasive, processes of social recognition at work in this
deeply plural society. The contributors demonstrate that, in fact,
citizen ethics are not static discourses but living traditions that
co-evolve in relation to broader patterns of politics, gender,
religious resurgence, and ethnicity in society. Indonesian
Pluralities offers important insights on the state of Indonesian
politics and society more than twenty years after its return to
democracy. It will appeal to political scholars, public analysts,
and those interested in Islam, Southeast Asia, citizenship, and
peace and conflict studies around the world. Contributors: Robert
W. Hefner, Erica M. Larson, Kelli Swazey, Mohammad Iqbal Ahnaf,
Marthen Tahun, Alimatul Qibtiyah, and Zainal Abidin Bagir
Atlantic Crossings in the Wake of Frederick Douglass takes its
bearings from the Maryland-born former slave Frederick Douglass's
1845 sojourn in Ireland and Britain-a voyage that is understood in
editors Mark P. Leone and Lee M. Jenkins' collection as
paradigmatic of the crossings between American, African American,
and Irish historical experience and culture with which the
collection as a whole is concerned. In crossing the Atlantic,
Douglass also completed his journey from slavery to freedom, and
from political and cultural marginality into subjective and
creative autonomy. Atlantic Crossings traces the stages of that
journey in chapters on literature, archaeology, and spatial culture
that consider both roots and routes-landscapes of New World
slavery, subordination, and state-sponsored surveillance, and
narratives of resistance, liberation, and intercultural exchange
generated by transatlantic connectivities and the transnational
transfer of ideas. Contributors Lee M. Jenkins, Mark P. Leone,
Katie Ahern, Miranda Corcoran, Ann Coughlan, Kathryn H. Deeley,
Adam Fracchia, Mary Furlong Minkoff, Tracy H. Jenkins, Dan O'Brien,
Eoin O'Callaghan, Elizabeth Pruitt, Benjamin A. Skolnik and Stefan
Woehlke
Via the Smithsonian Institution, an exploration of the growing
friction between the research and outreach functions of museums in
the 21st century. Describing participant observation and historical
research at the Smithsonian's National Museum of Natural History as
it prepared for its largest-ever exhibit renovation, Deep Time, the
author provides a grounded perspective on the inner-workings of the
world's largest natural history museum and the social processes of
communicating science to the public. From the introduction: In
exhibit projects, the tension plays out between curatorial
staff-academic, research, or scientific staff charged with
content-and exhibitions, public engagement, or educational
staff-which I broadly group together as "audience advocates"
charged with translating content for a broader public. I have heard
Kirk Johnson, Sant Director of the NMNH, say many times that if you
look at dinosaur halls at different museums across the country, you
can see whether the curators or the exhibits staff has "won." At
the American Museum of Natural History in New York, it was the
curators. The hall is stark white and organized by phylogeny-or the
evolutionary relationships of species-with simple, albeit long,
text panels. At the Field Museum of Natural History in Chicago,
Johnson will tell you, it was the "exhibits people." The hall is
story driven and chronologically organized, full of big graphic
prints, bold fonts, immersive and interactive spaces, and
touchscreens. At the Denver Museum of Nature and Science, where
Johnson had previously been vice president and chief curator, "we
actually fought to a draw." That, he says, is the best outcome; a
win on either side skews the final product too extremely in one
direction or the other. This creative tension, when based on mutual
respect, is often what makes good exhibitions.
Many Americans still envision India as rigidly caste-bound, locked
in traditions that inhibit social mobility. In reality, class
mobility has long been an ideal, and today globalization is
radically transforming how India's citizens perceive class. Living
Class in Urban India examines a nation in flux, bombarded with
media images of middle-class consumers, while navigating the
currents of late capitalism and the surges of inequality they can
produce. Anthropologist Sara Dickey puts a human face on the issue
of class in India, introducing four people who live in the
""second-tier"" city of Madurai: an auto-rickshaw driver, a graphic
designer, a teacher of high-status English, and a domestic worker.
Drawing from over thirty years of fieldwork, she considers how
class is determined by both subjective perceptions and objective
conditions, documenting Madurai residents' palpable day-to-day
experiences of class while also tracking their long-term impacts.
By analyzing the intertwined symbolic and economic importance of
phenomena like wedding ceremonies, religious practices,
philanthropy, and loan arrangements, Dickey's study reveals the
material consequences of local class identities. Simultaneously, it
highlights the poignant drive for dignity in the face of moralizing
class stereotypes. Through extensive interviews, Dickey scrutinizes
the idioms and commonplaces used by residents to justify class
inequality and, occasionally, to subvert it. Along the way, Living
Class in Urban India reveals the myriad ways that class status is
interpreted and performed, embedded in everything from cell phone
usage to religious worship.
Tibetan Buddhism and the Dalai Lama enjoy global popularity and
relevance, yet the longstanding practice of oracles within the
tradition is still little known and understood. The Nechung Oracle,
for example, is believed to become possessed by an important god
named Pehar, who speaks through the human medium to confer with the
Dalai Lama on matters of state. The Dalai Lama and the Nechung
Oracle is the first monograph to explore the mythologies and
rituals of this god, the Buddhist monastery that houses him, and
his close friendship with incarnations of the Dalai Lama over the
centuries. In the seventeenth century, during the reign of the
Fifth Dalai Lama, the protector deity Pehar and his oracle at
Nechung Monastery were state-sanctioned by the nascent Tibetan
government, becoming the head of an expansive pantheon of worldly
deities assigned to protect the newly unified country. The
governments of later Dalai Lamas expanded the deity's influence, as
well as their own, by establishing Pehar at monasteries and temples
around Lhasa and across Tibet. Pehar's cult at Nechung Monastery
came to embody the Dalai Lama's administrative control in a mutual
relationship of protection and prestige, the effects of which
continue to reverberate within Tibet and among the Tibetan exile
community today. The friendship between these two immortals has
spanned nearly five hundred years across the Tibetan plateau and
beyond.
Gendering the Trans-Pacific World introduces an emergent
interdisciplinary and multidisciplinary field that highlights the
inextricable link between gender and the trans-Pacific world. The
anthology examines the geographies of empire, the significance of
intimacy and affect, the importance of beauty and the body, and the
circulation of culture.
This collection on Byzantine culture in translation, edited by
Amelia Brown and Bronwen Neil, examines the practices and theories
of translation inside the Byzantine empire and beyond its horizons
to the east, north and west. The time span is from Late Antiquity
to the present day. Translations studied include hagiography,
history, philosophy, poetry, architecture and science, between
Greek, Latin, Arabic and other languages. These chapters build upon
presentations given at the 18th Biennial Conference of the
Australian Association for Byzantine Studies, convened by the
editors at the University of Queensland in Brisbane, Australia on
28-30 November 2014. Contributors include: Eva
Anagnostou-Laoutides, Amelia Brown, Penelope Buckley, John Burke,
Michael Champion, John Duffy, Yvette Hunt, Maria Mavroudi, Ann
Moffatt, Bronwen Neil, Roger Scott, Michael Edward Stewart, Rene
Van Meeuwen, Alfred Vincent, and Nigel Westbrook.
In gay bars and nightclubs across America, and in gay-oriented
magazines and media, the buff, macho, white gay man is exalted as
the ideal-the most attractive, the most wanted, and the most
emulated type of man. For gay Asian American men, often viewed by
their peers as submissive or too 'pretty,' being sidelined in the
gay community is only the latest in a long line of
racially-motivated offenses they face in the United
States.Repeatedly marginalized by both the white-centric queer
community that values a hyper-masculine sexuality and a homophobic
Asian American community that often privileges masculine
heterosexuality, gay Asian American men largely have been silenced
and alienated in present-day culture and society. In Geisha of a
Different Kind, C. Winter Han travels from West Coast Asian drag
shows to the internationally sought-after Thai kathoey, or
"ladyboy," to construct a theory of queerness that is inclusive of
the race and gender particularities of the gay Asian male
experience in the United States. Through ethnographic observation
of queer Asian American communities and Asian American drag shows,
interviews with gay Asian American men, and a reading of current
media and popular culture depictions of Asian Americans, Han argues
that gay Asian American men, used to gender privilege within their
own communities, must grapple with the idea that, as Asians, they
have historically been feminized as a result of Western domination
and colonization, and as a result, they are minorities within the
gay community, which is itself marginalized within the overall
American society. Han also shows that many Asian American gay men
can turn their unusual position in the gay and Asian American
communities into a positive identity. In their own conception of
self, their Asian heritage and sexuality makes these men unique,
special, and, in the case of Asian American drag queens, much more
able to convey a convincing erotic femininity. Challenging
stereotypes about beauty, nativity, and desirability, Geisha of a
Different Kind makes a major intervention in the study of race and
sexuality in America.
The focus of Richard Zgusta's The Peoples of Northeast Asia through
Time is the formation of indigenous and cultural groups of coastal
northeast Asia, including the Ainu, the "Paleoasiatic" peoples, and
the Asiatic Eskimo. Most chapters begin with a summary of each
culture at the beginning of the colonial era, which is followed by
an interdisciplinary reconstruction of prehistoric cultures that
have direct ancestor-descendant relationships with the modern ones.
An additional chapter presents a comparative discussion of the
ethnographic data, including subsistence patterns, material
culture, social organization, and religious beliefs, from a
diachronic viewpoint. Each chapter includes maps and extensive
references.
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