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Books > History > Asian / Middle Eastern history
In the socio-political milieu of the forties in India, the most
contentious decade of the last century, ravaged with war, the Quit
India movement, famine, partition and the civil war, the author
draws our attention to Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi, the father of
the Indian Independence Movement, who, as he puts it, 'symbolised
the conflicts and paradoxes of that time of transition'. As one
critically examines Gandhi's views during the period of India's
passage to political independence on issues such as war,
decolonisation, nationalist challenge, state sovereignty, problems
of governance and so on, a pertinent question surfaces: was Gandhi
as confident in his political agenda and methods as history has
asserted to the present day? Gandhi, again a satyagrahi, an ardent
propagator of non-violent resistance to injustice throughout his
life, appears in the eyes of the Englishmen, as an extremist and
saboteur of the Allied democratic cause in the World War II. Using
his scholarly acumen, the author unveils a new dimension to
Gandhi's towering personality with the suggestion that time was
closing down on him. It was a situation of classic aporia, when
exit from the problem that Gandhi struggled to escape from became
impossible in its own terms.
This book deals with the life and pioneering work of Georg Buhler
in the various fields of Indology. It argues that Buhler's
interactions with the 19th c. India influenced his approach as a
researcher and in turn his methodology which then followed his
self-developed path of Ethno-Indology. The work is a result of
study for the doctoral degree of the Savitribai Phule Pune
University, Pune, India. Along with source materials available in
India, the author consulted those in Germany and Austria.
Tsar and Sultan offers a unique insight into Russian Orientalism as
the intellectual force behind Russian-Ottoman encounters. Through
war diaries and memoirs, accounts of captivity and diplomatic
correspondences, Victor Taki's analysis of military documents
demonstrates a crucial aspect of Russia's discovery of the Orient
based on its rivalry with the Ottoman Empire. Narratives depicting
the brutal realities of Russian-Turkish military conflicts
influenced the Orientalisation of the Ottoman Empire. In turn,
Russian identity was built as the counter-image to the demonised
Turk. This book explains the significance of Russian Orientalism on
Russian identity and national policies of westernisation. Students
of both European and Middle East studies will appreciate Taki's
unique approach to Russian-Turkish relations and their influence on
Eurasian history.
Jewish Contiguities and the Soundtrack of Israeli History
revolutionizes the study of modern Israeli art music by tracking
the surprising itineraries of Jewish art music in the move from
Europe to Mandatory Palestine and Israel. Leaving behind cliches
about East and West, Arab and Jew, this book provocatively exposes
the legacies of European antisemitism and religious Judaism in the
making of Israeli art music.
Shelleg introduces the reader to various aesthetic dilemmas
involved in the emergence of modern Jewish art music, ranging from
auto-exoticism through the hues of self-hatred to the
disarticulation of Jewish musical markers. He then considers part
of this musics' translocation to Mandatory Palestine, studying its
discourse with Hebrew culture, and composers' grappling with modern
and Zionist images of the self. Unlike previous efforts in the
field, Shelleg unearths the mechanism of what he calls "Zionist
musical onomatopoeias," but more importantly their dilution by the
non-western Arab Jewish oral musical traditions (the same
traditions Hebrew culture sought to westernize and secularize).
And what had begun with composers' movement towards the musical
properties of non-western Jewish musical traditions grew in the 60s
and 70s to a dialectical return to exilic Jewish cultures. In the
aftermath of the Six-Day War, which reaffirmed Zionism's redemptive
and expansionist messages, Israeli composers (re)embraced precisely
the exilic Jewish music that emphasized Judaism's syncretic
qualities rather than its territorial characteristics. In the 70s,
therefore, while religious Zionist circles translated theology into
politics and territorial maximalism, Israeli composers
deterritorialized the national discourse by a growing return to the
spaces shared by Jews and non-Jews, devoid of Zionist
appropriations."
Understand the complexities of the most lethal insurgent group of
America's longest war-the Taliban. Battle hardened, tribally
oriented, and deeply committed to its cause, the Taliban has proven
itself resourceful, adaptable, and often successful. As such, the
Taliban presents a counterinsurgency puzzle for which the United
States has yet to identify effective military tactics, information
operations, and Coalition developmental policies. Written by one of
the Department of the Army's leading intelligence and military
analysts on the Taliban, this book covers the group's complete
history, including its formation, ideology, and political power, as
well as the origins of its current conflict with the United States.
The work carefully analyzes the agenda, capabilities, and support
base of the Taliban; forecasts the group's likely course of action
to retake Afghanistan; and details the Coalition forces' probable
counterinsurgency responses. Author Mark Silinsky also reviews the
successes and failures of the latest U.S. counterinsurgency
doctrine to extrapolate the best strategies for future
counterinsurgency campaigns. Provides insights from an author with
academic training in politics and economics as well as a 30-year
defense intelligence community background, including serving as an
Army analyst in Afghanistan Presents information recently obtained
under the Freedom of Information Act Analyzes the tribal,
religious, political, and international elements of the greater
Taliban problem
Long believed to be the cradle of Vietnamese civilization, the Red
River Delta of Vietnam has been referenced by Vietnamese and
Chinese writers for centuries, many recording colorful tales and
legends about the region's prehistory. One of the most enduring
accounts relates the story of the Au Lac Kingdom and its capital,
known as Co Loa. According to legend, the city was founded during
the third century BC and massive rampart walls protected its seat
of power. Over the past two millennia, Co Loa has become emblematic
of an important foundational era for Vietnamese civilization.
Today, the ramparts of this ancient city still stand in silent
testament to the power of past societies. However, there are
ongoing debates about the origins of the site, the validity of
legendary accounts, and the link between the prehistoric past with
later Vietnamese society. Recent decades of archaeology in the
region have provided a new dimension to further explore these
issues, and to elucidate the underpinnings of civilization in
northern Vietnam. Nam C. Kim's The Origins of Ancient Vietnam
explores the origins of an ancient state in northern Vietnam, an
area long believed to be the cradle of Vietnamese civilization. In
doing so, it analyzes the archaeological record and the impact of
new information on extant legends about the region and its history.
Additionally, Kim presents the archaeological case for this
momentous development, placing Co Loa within a wider archaeological
consideration of emergent cities, states, and civilizations.
The comparison of early Italy's and Japan's colonialism is without
precedence. The majority of studies on Italian and Japanese
expansion refer to the 1930-1940s period (fascist/totalitarian era)
when Japan annexed Manchuria (1931) and Italy Ethiopia (1936). The
first formative and crucial steps that paved the way for this
expansion have been neglected. This analysis covers a range of
social, political and economic parameters illuminating the
diversity but also the common ground of the nature and aspirations
of Japan's and Italy's early colonial systems. The two states
alongside the Great Powers of the era expanded in the name of
humanism and civilization but in reality in a way typically
imperialistic, they sought territorial compensations, financial
privileges and prestige. A parallel and deeper understanding of the
nineteenth century socio-cultural-psychological parameters, such as
tradition, mentality, and religion that shaped and explain the
later ideological framework of Rome's and Tokyo's expansionist
disposition, has never been attempted before. This monograph offers
a detailed examination of the phenomenon of colonialism by
examining the issue from two different angles. The study
contributes to the understanding of Italy's and Japan's early
imperial expansion. In addition, it traces the origins of these
states' similar and common historical evolution in late nineteenth
and the first half of the twentieth century.
The Chinese Communist government has twice invoked large-scale
military might to crush popular uprisings in capital cities. The
second incident-the notorious massacre in Tiananmen Square in
1989-is well known. The first, thirty years earlier in Tibet,
remains little understood today. Yet in wages of destruction,
bloodshed, and trampling of human rights, the tragic toll of March
1959 surpassed Tiananmen. Tibet in Agony provides the first clear
historical account of the Chinese crackdown in Lhasa. Sifting facts
from the distortions of propaganda and partisan politics, Jianglin
Li reconstructs a chronology of events that lays to rest lingering
questions about what happened in those fate-filled days and why.
Her story begins with throngs of Tibetan demonstrators who-fearful
that Chinese authorities were planning to abduct the Dalai Lama,
their beloved leader-formed a protective ring around his palace. On
the night of March 17, he fled in disguise, only to reemerge in
India weeks later to set up a government in exile. But no peaceful
resolution awaited Tibet. The Chinese army soon began shelling
Lhasa, inflicting thousands of casualties and ravaging heritage
sites in the bombardment and the infantry onslaught that followed.
Unable to resist this show of force, the Tibetans capitulated,
putting Mao Zedong in a position to fulfill his long-cherished
dream of bringing Tibet under the Communist yoke. Li's extensive
investigation, including eyewitness interviews and examination of
classified government records, tells a gripping story of a crisis
whose aftershocks continue to rattle the region today.
The image of a voice in the wilderness evokes an outcast who has
been condemned and banished by society. That image fits the
scholar-priest Joseph de Premare who spent the last thirty-eight
years of his life (1698-1736) mainly in remote areas of China. He
was condemned to silence by not only his religious superiors, but
also by intellectuals in Europe. He was silenced because his
Figurist theories were regarded as dangerous and implausible. And
yet the irony of this silencing is that Father Premare was one of
the most knowledgeable Sinologists of all time. As a missionary in
towns in the southern province of Jiangxi, he was freed from many
pastoral duties by an assisting catechist and able to devote
himself to intensive study of Chinese texts. He was practically a
scholar-hermit who left the urban, politicized atmosphere of
Beijing after only two years to return to Jiangxi province. There
he cultivated Chinese literati who helped him assemble a remarkable
collection of classical texts. He was prolific in producing a wide
body of works in philology, history, philosophy, religion and
drama. Faced by critics who were claiming that Chinese culture was
alien to Christianity, Premare joined the effort led by his fellow
Jesuit Joachim Bouvet to save the Christian mission in China from
destruction. The Figurists were radical in arguing that the ancient
Chinese texts, like the Old Testament, anticipated the coming of
Christ long before his birth. They claimed that Chinese
commentators erred in viewing these ancient texts as records of
history when in fact they were works of metaphorical and figurative
meaning. Influenced by a Chinese scholar, Premare made a
philological analysis of Chinese characters to explain his theory.
When Figurism was condemned by his religious superiors, Premare
attempted to circumvent their prohibition by sending his
manuscripts to the proto-Sinologist Etienne Fourmont in Paris,
asking that they be published anonymously. Fourmont criticized
Premare's theories and failed to publish them. By the time of his
death, Premare had sent most of his manuscripts to Paris where they
remained buried for many years.
The Political Economy of News in China: Manufacturing Harmony is
the first full-scale application of Herman and Chomsky's classic
propaganda model to the news media content of a country with a
system that is not outwardly similar to the United States. Jesse
Owen Hearns-Branaman examines the news media of the People's
Republic of China using the five filters of the original model. He
asks provocative questions concerning the nature of media
ownership, the effect of government or private ownership on media
content, the elite-centered nature news sourcing patterns, the
benefits and costs of having active special interest groups to
influence news coverage, the continued usefulness of the concepts
of censorship and propaganda, the ability of advertisers to
indirectly influence news production, and the potential increase of
pro-capitalist, pro-consumerist ideology and nationalism in Chinese
news media. This book will appeal to scholars of international
media and journalism.
This chronological account traces the history of Afghanistan from
pre-civilization to present-day events and considers the future of
democracy in Afghanistan. For centuries, Afghanistan has endured
control by a gamut of political regimes as a result of its
strategic location along the trade route between Asia and the
Middle East. The area has been at the center of constant conflict
and only in recent years has recovered from the vestiges of
warfare. The second edition of this popular reference offers a
fresh glimpse at the country, showing modern Afghanistan to be a
melting pot of cultures, tribes, and political influences all under
the guiding belief of Islam. In addition to thorough coverage of
the country's political, economic, and cultural history, the book
provides students with an account of recent events in Afghanistan
since 2007, such as the death of Osama bin Laden in Pakistan and
the removal of NATO soldiers. Other changes include a revised
timeline, an updated glossary, additions to the notable figures
appendix, and an expanded bibliography that includes electronic
resources. Includes an additional chapter on the events of the past
10 years, covering modern Afghanistan and its people Features
Operation Neptune Spear, the Central Intelligence Agency-led
operation responsible for the death of Osama bin Laden Provides an
updated timeline of key events, including those that have occurred
since the first edition
This book comprehensively investigates the position of China's
working class between the 1980s and 2010s and considers the
consequences of economic reforms in historical perspective. It
argues the case that, far from the illusion during the Maoist
period that a new society had been established where the working
classes held greater political and economic autonomy, economic
reforms in the post-Mao era have led to the return of traditional
Marxist proletariats in China. The book demonstrates how the
reforms of Deng Xiaoping have led to increased economic efficiency
at the expense of economic equality through an extensive case study
of an SOE (state-owned enterprise) in Sichuan Province as well as
wider discussions of the emergence of state capitalism on both a
micro and macroeconomic level. The book also discusses workers'
protests during these periods of economic reform to reflect the
reformation of class consciousness in post-Mao China, drawing on
Marx's concept of a transition from a 'class-in-itself' to a
'class-for-itself'. It will be valuable reading for students and
scholars of Chinese economic and social history, as well as
political economy, sociology, and politics.
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