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Books > Science & Mathematics > Biology, life sciences > Microbiology (non-medical) > Bacteriology
Phage Display in Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Second Edition provides a comprehensive view of the impact and promise of phage display in drug discovery and biotechnology. Building on the success of its previous edition, the book discusses current theories, principles, and methods in the field and demonstrates applications for peptide phage display, protein phage display, and the development of novel antibodies. The book provides readers with an overview of the amazing breadth of the impact that phage display technology has had on the study of proteins in general as well as the development of proteins. It will be a valuable resource for those interested in using phage display and recombinant antibodies in basic research and drug discovery.
Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, one of the most comprehensive and authoritative works in the field of bacterial taxonomy, has been extensively revised in the form of a 5 volume Second Edition. Since the first edition was published in 1984, the field has undergone explosive growth, with over 2200 new species and 390 new genera having been described. Numerous taxonomic rearrangements and changes in nomenclature have resulted from more than 850 published new combinations. These developments, which are attributable to rapid advances in molecular sequencing of highly conserved regions of the procaryotic genome, most notably genes coding for the RNA of the small ribosomal subunit, have lead to a natural classification that reflects the evolutionary history of Bacteria and Archaea, and to the development of new, universally applicable methods of identifying these organisms. This new edition has been completely reorganized along phylogenetic lines to reflect the current state of procaryotic taxonomy but still maintains the familiar layout of the First Edition. In addition to the detailed treatments, provided for all of the validly named and well-known species of procaryotes, new ecological information and more extensive introductory chapters have been added. Use of the manual is aided by a system of cross referencing between the phylogenetic groups and the phenotypic groups used in the First Edition. In keeping with the tradition of the First Edition, volumes will be available individually, and eventually as a complete set. The editors for Vol. 2 are Don J. Brenner of the Centers for Disease Control & Prevention, Noel R. Krieg of Virginia Polytechnic Institute, and James T. Staley of the University of Washington.
This book is intended to be a general reference for environmental decision makers who are interested in the fate of chlorinated aromatic compounds with respect to microbial activity. It includes reviews of microbial physiology, genetics, and methods of biodegradation assessment.
This handbook acquaints readers with the exciting developments in various areas of cyanobacterial research in the backdrop of the publication of complete genome sequence of the cyanobacterium "Synechocystis sp. "strain PCC 6803 in 1996. It begins with a summary of the current knowledge on the taxonomy, phylogeny and evolution of cyanobacteria followed by the sequenced genomes, differentiation of akinetes and heterocyst. The book considers mechanisms of cellular movements (gliding, swimming and twitching motions) exhibited by various cyanobacteria in order to adjust to their environmental niches and the operation of the circadian rhythms. It covers cyanobacterial symbiosis, cyanophages and cyanobacterial toxins, followed by a discussion on stress responses (salinity, temperature, desiccation and oxidation). A comprehensive account on the developments in all these spheres has been presented in a lucid style with the required background information, molecular techniques employed and models proposed. This handbook constitutes the first such book written by a single author at a level and depth for graduate and research students in botany and microbiology.
The Prokaryotes is a comprehensive, multi-authored, peer reviewed reference work on Bacteria and Achaea. This fourth edition of The Prokaryotes is organized to cover all taxonomic diversity, using the family level to delineate chapters. Different from other resources, this new Springer product includes not only taxonomy, but also prokaryotic biology and technology of taxa in a broad context. Technological aspects highlight the usefulness of prokaryotes in processes and products, including biocontrol agents and as genetics tools. The content of the expanded fourth edition is divided into two parts: Part 1 contains review chapters dealing with the most important general concepts in molecular, applied and general prokaryote biology; Part 2 describes the known properties of specific taxonomic groups. Two completely new sections have been added to Part 1: bacterial communities and human bacteriology. The bacterial communities section reflects the growing realization that studies on pure cultures of bacteria have led to an incomplete picture of the microbial world for two fundamental reasons: the vast majority of bacteria in soil, water and associated with biological tissues are currently not culturable, and that an understanding of microbial ecology requires knowledge on how different bacterial species interact with each other in their natural environment. The new section on human microbiology deals with bacteria associated with healthy humans and bacterial pathogenesis. Each of the major human diseases caused by bacteria is reviewed, from identifying the pathogens by classical clinical and non-culturing techniques to the biochemical mechanisms of the disease process. The 4th edition of The Prokaryotes is the most complete resource on the biology of prokaryotes. The following volumes are published consecutively within the 4th Edition: Prokaryotic Biology and Symbiotic Associations Prokaryotic Communities and Ecophysiology Prokaryotic Physiology and Biochemistry Applied Bacteriology and Biotechnology Human Microbiology Actinobacteria Firmicutes Alphaproteobacteria and Betaproteobacteria Gammaproteobacteria Deltaproteobacteria and Epsilonproteobacteria Other Major Lineages of Bacteria and the Archaea "
Bacteria in various habitats are subject to continuously changing environmental conditions, such as nutrient deprivation, heat and cold stress, UV radiation, oxidative stress, dessication, acid stress, nitrosative stress, cell envelope stress, heavy metal exposure, osmotic stress, and others. In order to survive, they have to respond to these conditions by adapting their physiology through sometimes drastic changes in gene expression. In addition they may adapt by changing their morphology, forming biofilms, fruiting bodies or spores, filaments, Viable But Not Culturable (VBNC) cells or moving away from stress compounds via chemotaxis. Changes in gene expression constitute the main component of the bacterial response to stress and environmental changes, and involve a myriad of different mechanisms, including (alternative) sigma factors, bi- or tri-component regulatory systems, small non-coding RNA s, chaperones, CHRIS-Cas systems, DNA repair, toxin-antitoxin systems, the stringent response, efflux pumps, alarmones, and modulation of the cell envelope or membranes, to name a few. Many regulatory elements are conserved in different bacteria; however there are endless variations on the theme and novel elements of gene regulation in bacteria inhabiting particular environments are constantly being discovered. Especially in (pathogenic) bacteria colonizing the human body a plethora of bacterial responses to innate stresses such as pH, reactive nitrogen and oxygen species and antibiotic stress are being described. An attempt is made to not only cover model systems but give a broad overview of the stress-responsive regulatory systems in a variety of bacteria, including medically important bacteria, where elucidation of certain aspects of these systems could lead to treatment strategies of the pathogens. Many of the regulatory systems being uncovered are specific, but there is also considerable cross-talk between different circuits. Stress and Environmental Regulation of Gene Expression and Adaptation in Bacteria is a comprehensive two-volume work bringing together both review and original research articles on key topics in stress and environmental control of gene expression in bacteria. Volume One contains key overview chapters, as well as content on one/two/three component regulatory systems and stress responses, sigma factors and stress responses, small non-coding RNAs and stress responses, toxin-antitoxin systems and stress responses, stringent response to stress, responses to UV irradiation, SOS and double stranded systems repair systems and stress, adaptation to both oxidative and osmotic stress, and desiccation tolerance and drought stress. Volume Two covers heat shock responses, chaperonins and stress, cold shock responses, adaptation to acid stress, nitrosative stress, and envelope stress, as well as iron homeostasis, metal resistance, quorum sensing, chemotaxis and biofilm formation, and viable but not culturable (VBNC) cells. Covering the full breadth of current stress and environmental control of gene expression studies and expanding it towards future advances in the field, these two volumes are a one-stop reference for (non) medical molecular geneticists interested in gene regulation under stress.
This book provides in-depth insights into the biology, taxonomy, genetics, physiology and biotechnological applications of Actinobacteria. It especially focuses on the latter, reviewing the wide variety of actinobacterial bioactive molecules and their benefits for diverse industrial applications such as agriculture, aquaculture, biofuel production and food technology. Actinobacteria are one of the most promising sources of small bioactive molecules and it is estimated that only a small percentage of actinobacterial bioactive chemicals have been discovered to date. Identifying new diverse gene clusters of biotechnological relevance in the genome of Actinobacteria will be crucial to developing advanced applications for pharmaceutical, industrial and agricultural purposes. The book offers a unique resource for all graduate students, researchers and practitioners in the fields of microbiology, microbial biotechnology, and the genetic engineering of Actinobacteria.
An in-depth resource addressing the ecology of Clostridium botulinum which affects the degree of food contamination, and its control in various foods. The text summarizes worldwide data on this organism in food and the environment and the principles of its control in specific foods and products.
Focuses on the aggregation of recombinant proteins in bacterial cells in the form of inclusion bodies and on their use in biotechnological and medical applications The first book devoted specifically to the topic of aggregation in bacteria, Protein Aggregation in Bacteria: Functional and Structural Properties of Inclusion Bodies in Bacterial Cells provides a large overview of protein folding and aggregation, including cell biology and methodological aspects. It summarizes, for the first time in one book, ideas and technical approaches that pave the way for a direct use of inclusion bodies in biotechnological and medical applications. Protein Aggregation in Bacteria covers: * Molecular and cellular mechanisms of protein folding, aggregation, and disaggregation in bacteria * Physiological importance and consequences of aggregation for the bacterial cell * Factors inherent to the protein sequence responsible for aggregation and evolutionary mechanisms to keep proteins soluble * Structural properties of proteins expressed as soluble aggregates and as inclusion bodies within bacterial cells both from a methodological point of view and with regard to their similarity with amyloids * Control of the structural and functional properties of aggregated proteins and use thereof in biotechnology and medicine Protein Aggregation in Bacteria is ideal for researchers in protein science, biochemistry, bioengineering, biophysics, microbiology, medicine, and biotechnology, particularly if they are related with the production of recombinant proteins and pharmaceutical science.
Thermophilic Bacteria is a comprehensive volume that describes all major bacterial groups that can grow above 60-65 DegreesC (excluding the Archaea). Over 60 different species of aerobic and anaerobic thermophilic bacteria are covered. Isolation, growth methods, characterization and identification, ecology, metabolism, and enzymology of thermophilic bacteria are examined in detail, and an extensive compilation of recent biotechnological applications and the properties of many thermostable enzymes are also included. Major topics discussed in the book include a general review on thermophilic bacteria and archaea; heterotropic bacilli; the genus Thermus; new and rare genera of aerobic heterophophs, such as Saccharococcus, Rhodothermus, and Scotohermus; aerobic chemolithoautotrophic thermophilic bacteria; obligately anaerobic thermophilic bacteria; and hyperthermophilic Thermotogales and thermophilic phototrophs. Extensive bibliographies are also provided for each chapter. The vast amount of information packed into this one volume makes it essential for all microbiologists, biochemists, molecular biologists, and students interested in the expanding field of thermophilicity. Biotechnologists will find the book useful as a source of information on thermophiles or thermostable enzymes of possible industrial use.
This book provides up-to-date information on the characteristics of each species of intestinal fluke found in humans and on the management of infections caused by these trematodes. Biology, epidemiology, host-parasite relationships, pathogenicity, clinical aspects, diagnosis, and treatment are all reviewed in detail. The zoonotic intestinal flukes comprise 38 genera belonging to 16 families. They are morphologically diverse and each species has a characteristic life cycle and geographical distribution. Intestinal fluke infections are commonly considered as tropical endemic diseases in Asian countries, where 6 million people are infected, but the geographical limits and populations at risk are expanding and changing owing to a range of factors, including growing international markets, improved transportation systems, changes in eating habits, demographic trends, and climate change. While the pathogenicity of intestinal flukes is generally mild, the impact in immunocompromised individuals requires clarification and some diagnostic problems remain to be solved. In exploring all aspects of human intestinal fluke infections, this book will be invaluable for clinicians and researchers alike.
Microbial Products: Applications and Translational Trends offers complete coverage of the production of microbial products, including biopolymers, biofuels, bioactive compounds, and their applications in fields such as bioremediation, agriculture, medicine, and other industrial settings. This book focuses on multiple processes including upstream procedures and downstream processing, and the tools required for their production. Lab-scale development processes may not be as efficient when aiming for large-scale industrial production, so it is necessary to utilize in silico modeling tools for bioprocess design to ensure success at translational levels. Therefore, this book presents in silico and mathematical simulations and approaches used for such applications. Further, it examines microbial products produced from bacteria, fungi, and algae. These major microbial categories have the capacity to produce various, diverse secondary metabolites, bioactive compounds, enzymes, biopolymers, biofuels, probiotics, and more. The bioproducts examined in the book are of great social, medical, and agricultural benefit, and include examples of biodegradable polymers, biofuels, biofertilizers, and drug delivery agents. Presents approaches and tools that aid in the design of eco-friendly, efficient, and economic bioprocesses. Utilizes in silico and mathematical simulations for optimal bioprocess design. Examines approaches to be used for bioproducts from the lab scale to widely applied microbial biotechnologies. Presents the latest trends and technologies in the production approaches for microbial bio-products manufacture and application. This book is ideal for both researchers and academics, as it provides up-to-date knowledge of applied microbial biotechnology approaches for bio-products.
Coliforms are widely used as indicators of water quality and sanitary status, and levels are regulated as standards and legislation in many jurisdictions. The group of organisms known as coliform bacteria are commonly used to gauge quality and potential for health risk of potable and recreational waters, and are stimulated in water quality standards and legislation of many jurisdictions worldwide. The contents of this book includes an overview about the involvement of biofilms in waterborne diseases; currently employed methods of analysis for coliform bacteria; the testing of coliformic bacteria for water departments using automated sampling and analysis; the prevalence of E.coli outbreaks linked to the consumption of certain products; and finally, a review of the sources of coliform bacteria in freshwaters.
Molecular Medical Microbiology, Third Edition presents the latest release in what is considered to be the first book to synthesize new developments in both molecular and clinical research. The molecular age has brought about dramatic changes in medical microbiology, along with great leaps in our understanding of the mechanisms of infectious disease. This third edition is completely updated, reviewed and expanded, providing a timely and helpful update for microbiologists, students and clinicians in the era of increasing use of molecular techniques, changing epidemiology and prevalence, and increasing resistance of many pathogenic bacteria. Written by experts in the field, chapters include cutting-edge information and clinical overviews for each major bacterial group, along with the latest updates on vaccine development, molecular technology and diagnostic technology.
Laboratory Techniques in Plant Bacteriology is ideal for scientists and students who seek a career in plant pathogenic bacteria. This book contains 41 chapters comprising practicable techniques from isolation of bacterial plant pathogens to their identification up to species and race/biotype level. It includes identification protocols of morphological, biochemical, immunological, and molecular-based techniques. This book comprises all technological aspects of plant bacteriological studies. Its content is ideal for graduate students and research scholars including bacteriological professionals or technicians. The book ultimately provides working technologies useful for controlling bacterial disease pathogens.
Did You Just Eat That? provides the answers to perennial questions about food and germs, such as whether electric hand dryers spread fewer germs than paper towels or about picking a crisp off the ground within five seconds of dropping it. The authors show how they have determined everything from how much bacteria gets transferred from sharing utensils to how many microbes live on restaurant menus. They list their materials and methods, guide the reader through their results and offer explanations of food safety and microbiology. Written with humour, this fascinating book reveals surprising answers to the weirdest and most commonly debated questions about food and germs.
Complied by an expert editorial team with noteworthy and remarkable experience, this book covers technological aspects related to probiotics, not only in terms of delivery modes but also in terms of protection technologies. It includes discussions of their therapeutic and physiologic implications and benefits, and provides a contemporary update and a holistic review of the topic. It focuses on the technological aspects of probiotic products, brings together the information needed for their successful development, and examines the international picture regarding regulatory issues.
Until about 10 years ago, the general view in the field was that Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of human tuberculosis was a "clone" with insufficient natural sequence variation between clinical strains to be considered biologically and epidemiologically "relevant". This view has now changed quite dramatically thanks to the -omics revolution, particularly the advent of next generation DNA sequencing. Large-scale comparative genomic studies over the last few years have revealed that M. tuberculosis clinical strains are more genetically diverse than appreciated previously. Moreover, an increasing number of experimental and epidemiological studies are showing that this genetic diversity also translates into important phenotypic variation. Taken together, these findings have led to a paradigm shift, such that currently phylogenetic diversity among M. tuberculosis clinical strains is being considered in the development of new tools to combat tuberculosis. The purpose of this book is to bring together a series of contributions from some of the most influential groups working on various aspects of M. tuberculosis diversity, and which through their work have contributed to the this paradigm shift. This includes authors focusing on the evolution of M. tuberculosis in relation to other members of the M. tuberculosis complex adapted to animals, the co-evolution between M. tuberculosis and humans, the phenotypic consequences of strains diversity both from an experimental and epidemiological point of view, the ecology and evolution of drug resistant tuberculosis, the diversity and evolution of the BCG vaccine strains, and the use of mathematical modelling to study strain diversity and drug resistance in human tuberculosis. No such book has ever been published, and given the paradigm shift described above, this book will be a valuable resource both for established researchers as well as new scientists, clinicians and public health officials joining the growing field of tuberculosis research.
Variety of bacteria are present in our environment but only a few of these bacteria causes diseases in their hosts including humans. These bacteria face different stresses in the environment as well as inside the host and adapt number of strategies for their survival. In 5 parts Bacterial Survival in the Hostile Environment covers all tactics and strategies adopted by bacteria for their survival under stressed conditions and will be focused on mechanistic insights of pathogenic adaptations to host environments (acidic environment, microaerobic conditions, immune system stress, metal stress etc., modulation of host pathways by pathogens for survival, dormancy, drug tolerance and resistance, proteins for stress survival). The content also includes different adaptation mechanisms of extremophiles to extreme environment, provides a complete and globally available advance knowledge related to bacterial survival from different perspectives and reviews the knowledge gaps and future prospects in the field of microbial adaptation for sustainable development of in the field of infection biology and pharmaceutics.
Bacterial Physiology and Biochemistry provides the most current, authoritative, and relevant presentation of bacterial physiology and biochemistry on subject, chemical composition and functional bacterial cell structure, nutrition and growth, the process of cell differentiation, metabolism and the influence of environmental factors. The book helps the reader learn and obtain modern knowledges on bacterial physiology and biochemistry, including chemical composition and functional cell structures, bacterial nutrition and growth, and the processes of cell differentiation, bacterial metabolism and microbial growth in nature, and the effect of environmental factors on bacterial cells. This book is an educational resource designed for use in advanced bachelor's and master's courses in biology, including microbiology, biochemistry and molecular biology. It contains curriculum taught to biology students specializing in microbiology.
Published nearly ten years ago, the first edition of Practical Atlas for Bacterial Identification broke new ground with the wealth of detail and breadth of information it provided. The second edition is poised to do the same. Differing fundamentally from the first edition, this book begins by introducing the concept of bacteria community intelligence as reflected in corrosion, plugging, and shifts in the quality parameters in the product whether it be water, gas, oil, or even air. It presents a new classification system for bacterial communities based upon their effect and activities, and not their composition. The book represents a radical departure from the classical reductionist identification of bacteria dominated by genetic and biochemical analyses of separated strains. The author takes a holistic approach based on form, function, and habitat of communities (consorms) of bacteria in real environments. He uses factors related to the oxidation-reduction potential at the site where the consorm is active and the viscosity of the bound water within that consorm to position their community structures within a two-dimensional bacteriological positioning system (BPS) that then allows the functional role to be defined. This book has an overarching ability to define bacterial activities as consorms in a very effective and applied manner useful to an applied audience involved in bacterial challenges. Organized for ease of use, the book allows readers to start with the symptom, uncover the bacterial activities, and then indentify the communities distinctly enough to allow management and control practices that minimize the damage. The broad spectrum approach, new to this edition, lumps compatible bacteria together into a relatively harmonious consortia that share a common primary purpose. It gives a big picture view of the role of bacteria not as single strains but collectively as communities and uses this information to provide key answe
Lung ventilation is driven by a complex neural regulatory network, and apart from conditions typically observed during a disease state, it is sensitive to functional dysregulation. This book focuses on a wide variety of pulmonary topics including inflammation, infection, cancerogenesis, hypoxia, and stress. The chapters deal with the pathophysiologic background of processes and mechanisms whereby abnormal or undesired conditions develop and progress. The exemplary topics concern the genotyping of mutations involved in the development of lung cancer, which helps target molecular anticancer therapy, or the advances in computed tomography technology employed in pulmonary diagnostics. Functional cardio-respiratory changes associated with a particular disease or resulting from disease, or dysautonomic state due to affective disorder or hypokinesia of spaceflight microgravity also are tackled. The book is intended for medical researchers and clinicians, notably pulmonologists, internists, family doctors, and all interested in this exciting area of science.
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have historically been used as starter cultures for the production of fermented foods, especially dairy products. Over recent years, new areas have had a strong impact on LAB studies: the application of omics tools; the study of complex microbial ecosystems, the discovery of new LAB species, and the use of LAB as powerhouses in the food and medical industries. This second edition of Biotechnology of Lactic Acid Bacteria: Novel Applications addresses the major advances in the fields over the last five years. Thoroughly revised and updated, the book includes new chapters. Among them: * The current status of LAB systematics; * The role of LAB in the human intestinal microbiome and the intestinal tract of animals and its impact on the health and disease state of the host; * The involvement of LAB in fruit and vegetable fermentations; * The production of nutraceuticals and aroma compounds by LAB; and * The formation of biofilms by LAB. This book is an essential reference for established researchers and scientists, clinical and advanced students, university professors and instructors, nutritionists and food technologists working on food microbiology, physiology and biotechnology of lactic acid bacteria.
Expanding Horizon of Cyanobacterial Biology discusses the different aspects of cyanobacteria cyanobacterial application, providing a better understanding of cyanobacterial metabolism. Chapters deal with cyanobacteria applications and explore how to exploit cyanobacterial metabolism for industrial applications. Sections cover cyanobacterial applications for the production of nanoparticles, cyanobacterial diversity, and the characterization of different assemblages such as cyanolichens and cyanobacterial endophytes, along with their ecological, morphological and physiological aspects. In addition, bioactive compounds and their applications are explored. Increasing attention has been paid by scientists across the globe to Cyanobacteria as they are ubiquitous microbes and, undoubtedly, an important organism in terms of carbon as well as nitrogen fixation. However, the research on these organisms is limited in terms of their diversity and distribution across the globe.
The Gram-positive and spore-forming Bacilli are the most dominant group of bacteria that exist in various ecological niches on the earth. They represent one of the most important unmapped pools of biodiversity with immense potential of applications in agriculture, environment, and industry. As these bacteria are highly tolerant to stressful environment and enhance plant tolerance to harsh environment such as salinity, drought, and heavy metal toxicity, plant-associated Bacilli have high potential for promoting sustainable crop production. Many species of Bacilli are being commercially used as phytostimulator and biofertilizer. Some of them are applied as biopesticide for protecting crop plants from phytopathogens and insect pests. The Bacillus-based products are becoming popular in ecologically sound and climate resilient agricultural production system. In fact, Bacillus and allied species based formulations are already dominating the biopesticides market, although, to compete with other formulations and chemical alternatives, the biology of Bacillus had to be understood from perspective of such applications. Our understanding of the biology and molecular-basis of the beneficial effects of plant-associated Bacilli has greatly been progressed in recent years through genomics, metagenomics, post-genomics and metabolomics studies. The volume two of the series Bacilli and Agrobiotechnology comprehensively reviews and updates current knowledge of Bacilli as phytostimulant and biological control of plant pests. Better understanding the biology, ecology and mechanism of action of the beneficial strains of Bacilli will play a role in the development of products to support green biotechnology in agriculture and industries. |
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