In Narcissistic Giving, Gerald Alper chronicles the unconscious defenses, gambits and strategies by which fightened people seek to escape the imagined terrors of relating to one another and to themselves.

"What this book proposes to do," writes Derek Bickerton, "is to stand the conventional wisdom of the behavioral sciences on its head: instead of the human species growing clever enough to invent language, it will view that species as blundering into language and, as a direct result of that, becoming clever." According to Bickerton, the behavioral sciences have failed to give an adequate account of human nature at least partly because of the conjunction and mutual reinforcement of two widespread beliefs: that language is simply a means of communication and that human intelligence is the result of the rapid growth and unusual size of human brains. Bickerton argues that each of the properties distinguishing human intelligence and consciousness from that of other animals can be shown to derive straightforwardly from properties of language. In essence, language arose as a representational system, not a means of communication or a skill, and not a product of culture but an evolutionary adaptation. The author stresses the necessity of viewing intelligence in evolutionary terms, seeing it not as problem solving but as a way of maintaining homeostasis-the preservation of those conditions most favorable to an organism, the optimal achievable conditions for survival and well-being. Nonhumans practice what he calls "on-line thinking" to maintain homeostasis, but only humans can employ off-line thinking: "only humans can assemble fragments of information to form a pattern that they can later act upon without having to wait on that great but unpunctual teacher, experience." The term protolanguage is used to describe the stringing together of symbols that prehuman hominids employed. "It did not allow them to turn today's imagination into tomorrow's fact. But it is just this power to transform imagination into fact that distinguishes human behavior from that of our ancestral species, and indeed from that of all other species. It is exactly what enables us to change our behavior, or invent vast ranges of new behavior, practically overnight, with no concomitant genetic changes." Language and Human Behavior should be of interest to anyone in the behavioral and evolutionary sciences and to all those concerned with the role of language in human behavior.

Negotiation is an integral and pragmatic tool. Churchman provides a concise and practical guide to negotiation as it actually occurs. He outlines and defines key terms and concepts behind negotiation tactics that have proven effective throughout history thereby providing a clear introduction for the novice, while also offering an organized framework for the experienced.

"Slife and Williams present a compelling and potentially controversial look at the implicit underpinnings of behavioral research. The do an admirable job of specifically describing the 'embedded ideas' of some of the most commonly accepted behavioral theories. . . . Well written, concise, and well thought out; arguments are made in readable fashion, suitable for scholar and nonscholar alike." --Choice "The manuscript completely captivated me around the middle of Chapter 2 with 'Eclectic Theories,' where I began reading with absorption in order to process ideas for myself, instead of reading on the surface to see what the author was about. Again and again I found myself pausing to contemplate provocative one-liners. . . . Throughout, the philosophical inquiry seems to me profound and enchanting, with an original and compelling synthesis." --Maria Arrigo, Psychology Graduate Student, Claremont Graduate School "These authors have an uncanny ability of identifying, as they would say, 'hidden' issues and assumptions that permeate the behavioral sciences. The arguments they marshall are most compelling and deserving of serious consideration by devoted professionals, students, or lay persons. Hopefully, with the publication of the book such consideration will at long last be realized." --Jeffrey P. Lindstrom, Fontbonne College, Missouri "This book will stimulate more dialogue; it is long overdue. Thanks to the lucid writing style, sensible organization, and occasional recapitulations in the text, the book will also be accessible to advanced undergraduates and graduates. I plan to require the book in at least one of my courses." --Allan W. Wicker, Center for Organizational and Behavioral Science, The Claremont Graduate School "This book is important for cultivating a view of behavioral sciences as something far more important than a collection of techniques for gathering and analyzing data. I would recommend it to my colleagues in educational psychology who teach psychological foundations." --Thomas A. Schwandt, School of Education, Indiana University "To my mind, the finest feature of this book--at the level of a near miracle--is the author's clear and engaging explanation of complex, subtle, and counter-intuitive ideas. This amazing pedagogical achievement should stand as an example to philosophers. I am also struck by the author's affection for the reader. The prose is simple because the author wants to make a real connection with the reader; there is no feeling of condescension for the novice or the commercial market. It is a loving instead of a battering style of philosophical disclosure, which did not occur to the philosophical giants whose works the author mercifully interprets for the reader." --Maria Arrigo, Psychology Graduate Student, Claremont Graduate School "Each chapter consistently follows a similar outline. Introductions and conclusions genuinely assist the reader, as do references back to earlier segments. Daily life examples bring the text to life. The book is designed to engage the reader. Addressing the root metaphor of each theory is effective. Most issues that concerned me wound up being addressed as I went along (which amazed me given such a short volume written to be understood by undergraduates)." --Constance T. Fischer, Department of Psychology, Duquesne University Aimed at facilitating critical theoretical thinking in the behavioral sciences, What's Behind the Research? explores the main assumptions that behavioral science theories are based on and offers some alternatives to these assumptions. The book begins with a review of the major theoretical approaches in the behavioral sciences (psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism, cognitivism, eclecticism, structuralism, and postmodernism) and examines which assumptions are made versus those that are overlooked in these theories. The next four chapters reveal and discuss the key assumptions of the theories (knowing, determinism, reductionism, and science) by tracing the intellectual history of these conceptions, followed by a presentation of contrasting options. The book concludes with an examination of possible ways to come to terms with some of the inadequacies in the assumptions of the behavioral sciences. Readers will find that this book will enable them to make better choices in doing their research and in critical theoretical thinking.

The authors of this volume apply the methods and insights of cybernetics to the analysis and treatment of behavioural disorders. Verbatim transcripts are presented together with step-by-step explanations of the therapeutic team's actions.

"This volume provides a thorough and well-balanced review of the topic of conduct disorders in childhood and adolescence. An opening chapter gives the reader a good sense of the nature, complexity, and magnitude of the problem for parents, caretakers, and mental health professionals; the remainder of the book explains what we currently know about children and adolescents with behavior problems. One chapter each is devoted to diagnosis and assessment, characteristics of the disorder, treatment, prevention, and directions for future research and social policy." --Matthjis Koopmans in Journal of Adolescence "This is another excellent little book, in the Sage Developmental Clinical Psychology and Psychiatry Series. Read and enjoy. --Ewen Rennie in BPS Division of Educational & Child Psychology

At every point in the life span, individual differences in a sense of control are strong predictors of motivation, coping, success, and failure in a wide range of life domains. What are the origins of these individual differences, how do they develop, and what are the mechanisms by which they exert such influence on psychological functioning? This book draws on theories and research covering key control constructs, including self-efficacy, learned helplessness, locus of control, and attribution theory. Ellen A. Skinner discusses such issues as the origins of control in social interactions; environmental features that promote or undermine control; developmental change in the mechanisms by which experiences of control have their effects on action; and the implications for intervening into the competence system, including interventions for people in uncontrollable circumstances. Written at a level appropriate for upper-division undergraduates, the book can serve as a supplement to the social and personality development course as well as a core text for motivation, educational psychology, or clinical courses at the graduate level. This book won't be the first one on the topic, but it will be the first one that professionals and graduate students turn to whenever they want a definitive opinion on complex questions of control or an idea for cutting-edge research on the topic of motivation, coping, and control.

At every point in the life span, individual differences in a sense of control are strong predictors of motivation, coping, success, and failure in a wide range of life domains. What are the origins of these individual differences, how do they develop, and what are the mechanisms by which they exert such influence on psychological functioning? This book draws on theories and research covering key control constructs, including self-efficacy, learned helplessness, locus of control, and attribution theory. Ellen A. Skinner discusses such issues as the origins of control in social interactions; environmental features that promote or undermine control; developmental change in the mechanisms by which experiences of control have their effects on action; and the implications for intervening into the competence system, including interventions for people in uncontrollable circumstances. Written at a level appropriate for upper-division undergraduates, the book can serve as a supplement to the social and personality development course as well as a core text for motivation, educational psychology, or clinical courses at the graduate level. This book won't be the first one on the topic, but it will be the first one that professionals and graduate students turn to whenever they want a definitive opinion on complex questions of control or an idea for cutting-edge research on the topic of motivation, coping, and control.

Shunning the disease model of alcoholism, this book delineates how narcissistic injury in early life acts as the basic psychogenic, etiological, component of addictive drinking. It provides an innovative analysis of the interrelationships between the alcoholic's overt behavioral disorders and his or her psychological make_up. Early chapters explore the role of narcissistic injury in great depth. Successive discussions examine the pathologies of character, personality, behavior, cognition and interpersonal relationships that manifest themselves in and as alcoholism. The part that early-life narcissistic injury plays in the development of anxiety, oral rage, avoidance defenses, depression, sadomasochism, paranoia, guilt, and obsessive-compulsive behaviors is detailed. A veteran of extensive work with alcoholics, the author delineates treatment strategies to modify and resolve the alcoholic's symptoms_the drinking disorder as well as the other psychological manifestations of dysfunction. Among the strategies explored in this regard are analytic, family, conjoint, behavioral, confrontation, supportive and self-help modalities. The trenchant case studies found throughout the text amplify the author's points about the global and specific psychopathology of alcoholism as well as the interventive alternatives. Alcoholism, Narcissism, and Psychopathology will prove stimulating and resourceful to psychologists, social workers, psychiatrists, counselors and therapists who are involved in the treatment and rehabilitation of alcoholics and other substance abusers.

This volume uses the minimum of jargon and a wide range of exercises to relate theory to practical experience. It covers key topics including - perception, attitudes, listening, non-verbal behaviour and communication in groups and organizations. This edition includes material on transactional analysis and recent developments in electronic communication. It is suitable for students taking communication studies courses and courses with a communication/behavioural sciences element.

from Publisher's Weekly: This posthumous collection of case material illustrates the treatment modality successfully employed by psychiatrist Bruch with patients suffering from the eating disorder of anorexia. Two of her associates at Baylor College of Medicine in Houston have edited this final work, taped by the author before her death in 1984. Bruch makes the reader privy to the therapeutic transaction between her patients who are in what she describes as "the relentless pursuit of thinness.'' Emphasizing the conversational ambiance of the therapy and discounting heretofore unsuccessful approaches of psychoanalysis and behavior modification, she helped her patients to heal. The dramatic dialogues in the cases presented allow us to hear these desperate young anorexic women individually explore their thwarted development, under the direction of a compassionate physician who guides them towards wellness. from Library Journal: Psychiatrist Bruch was a pioneer in developing psychotherapy for anorexia victims. Author of half a dozen books, her first work, Eating Disorders, appeared 15 years ago. She taped her interactions with clients, and these form the nucleus of this final book. Bruch's strength is her straightforward writing: it is honest, simple, and effective.

What is the place of emotions in fieldwork? Do emotions hinder research, or do they help the researcher to understand better those they are studying? Qualitative researchers have mixed feelings about emotions and the effects on their research. Consequently, many fieldworkers allow themselves to have particular feelings, such as closeness with participants, and try to deny or get rid of emotions deemed inappropriate within the fieldwork community. The significant costs associated with ignoring feelings are taken up in this volume as Kleinman and Copp explore links between emotions and analysis. The authors examine how fieldworkers' feelings--about their professional identity, their work, and the people they study--inform analyses. The conclusion offers an extended example from one of the author's field studies to highlight how fieldworkers' emotions can add power to qualitative analyses. An appendix demonstrates how to weave emotions into fieldnotes and into preliminary analyses. "Of the many recent methodological contributions, Sherryl Kleinman and Martha Copp's Emotions and Fieldwork offers a unique and important perspective, one that should be taken seriously by quantitative and qualitative researchers alike. No matter what variety of research one conducts, Kleinman and Copp's methodological critique provides an important way of thinking about the research process." --Theory and Methods "Kleinman and Copp move qualitative research into a new domain of discussion by focusing on the role of emotion in fieldwork. . . . Well-written and tightly organized, Emotions and Fieldwork is a groundbreaking contribution to the literature on ethnography and fieldwork." --New Ethnographies "This is a valuable research monograph for practitioners and students of qualitative methods and stands in bold contrast to books that advocate leaving emotions at home when one goes to the field. Kleinman and Copp understand the emotional complexities of fieldwork and the empowerment that may result from exploring feelings thoroughly. Reading this book might ameliorate some of the culture shock that can occur for the novice, who expects it all to work like following recipes in a cookbook." --Qualitative Sociology

This book is a comprehensive introduction to the methodological basis of population health research, and a critical assessment of theoretical issues affecting the quality of research on health and behaviour. Research into the many factors that shape human health or illness, has traditionally emphasized experimental design and the statistical effects of specific factors. While due attention is paid to such methods, the contributors emphasize the importance of theory-guided, multi-method approaches for research into the complex forces affecting health, health-related behaviour and the effectiveness of health services. Throughout, the value of analytical models of population health is related to their utility in informing and building theoretical knowledge.

Can traditional assessment (the psychometric approach) and behavioral assessment be effectively integrated in research as well as in practice? Can this integration improve the quality of the information collected from various instruments, strengthen the validity of interpretations, and improve reliability? Through a detailed, systematic, and critical review of both literatures, Silva shows how an integration of psychometric principles with the standards in behavioral assessment can result in an affirmative answer to these issues. Beginning with a review of the origins of behavioral assessment through the current practices, Silva explores such issues as the arguments for and against the integration of psychometric standards, the possibility of a normative interpretation of behavioral assessment data including an individual differences focus that is not at odds with an N=1 approach, and how the recent advancements in the psychometric approach to reliability and validity can enhance quality and utilization in behavioral assessment. "Fernando Silva's book adds a large and important contribution to the work of those of us interested in unifying behavioral assessment and psychological measurement." --Arthur W. Staats, University of Hawaii at Manoa "This is an important book. It fills, with great distinction, a need that has long existed in the assessment literature. (Silva) provides a detailed, balanced, and comprehensive review of the philosophical rationale of assessment from the behavioral perspective. And along with this he offers an extremely lucid and up-to-date account of the more expert thinking on psychometric methodologies. In particular, Silva's discussion of construct validity, especially in its relation to scientific method, is exemplary. "It is important to note, too, that Silva does more than merely review the current scene; on the contrary, he presents strong, clear, and well-reasoned conclusions, all of which seem to me highly compelling. "It would be a serious mistake for prospective readers to consider this book meaningful only for workers in behavioral assessment. In fact, the book is relevant to the entire field of assessment, not only because behavioral assessment, is, after all, a part of that broader scope, but also because the book contains an excellent, very readable summary of newer advances in psychometrics. In brief, this volume is a major contribution to the assessment literature." --from the Foreword by Paul McReynolds "The status of behavioral assessment within the larger framework of the psychometric tradition in psychology is surrounded by issues of substantial practical and conceptual importance that merit the thoughtful and detailed analysis provided by Professor Silva. This book should be required reading for all students in graduate assessment courses and will be of considerable interest to both behavioral and 'traditional' scholars and practitioners." --Jerry S. Wiggins, The University of British Columbia "Professor Silva's book is of exceptional quality. The discussion of basic concepts, such as validity, is a model by the information provided and by the clarity and lucidity of the discussion. The author has been able to achieve a balanced synthesis of the most recent technical developments and of the philosophical backgrounds of the concepts used, a rare combination in writings of this type. On the whole, the lecture of the book is to be recommended not only as a reference manual, but also as a source of reflection for the experienced psychologist engaged in behavioral assessment." --Pierre Pichot, L'Academie Nationale de Medicine "It is a well-written little book which anyone having worked with behaviour therapy and its diagnostic procedures will benefit from reading. It is a must reading for those who shall teach others about clinical behaviour analysis and diagnostic procedures in behaviour therapy." --Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy

Leading scholars, researchers, and clinicians in the field of addictive behavior provide an examination of drug dependency from a life span perspective in this authoritative volume. These experts argue that addictive problems among adolescents, young adults, those in mid-life, and the elderly require new forms of intervention and different theoretical conceptualizations. Organized around four general topic areas: etiology and course, prevention and early intervention, integrated treatment, and policy issues across the life span, Addictive Behaviors Across the Life Span thoroughly delineates such timely issues as treating substance abuse problems in offenders, prevention and early detection of alcohol and drug problems, the codependency movement, recovery patterns, and women's issues. Among the other topics covered are biopsychosocial perspectives on the intergenerational transmission of alcoholism to children of alcoholics, comparative effects of community-based drug abuse prevention, adult marijuana dependence, and reducing the risks of addictive behaviors. Addictive Behaviors Across the Life Span is essential reading for academic and research psychologists, social workers, addiction counselors, psychiatrists, and other mental health professionals involved in direct treatment.

In a stimulating synthesis of cognitive science, anthropology, and linguistics, Philip Lieberman tackles the fundamental questions of human nature: How and why are human beings so different from other species? Can the Darwinian theory of evolution explain human linguistic and cognitive ability? How do our processes of language and thought differ from those of Homo erectus 500,000 years ago, or of the Neanderthals 35,000 years ago? What accounts for human moral sense? Lieberman believes that evolution for rapid, efficient vocal communication forged modern human beings by creating the modern human brain. Earlier hominids lacked fully human speech and syntax, which together allow us to convey complex thoughts rapidly. The author discusses how natural selection acted on older brain mechanisms to produce a structure that can regulate the motor activity necessary for speech and command the complex syntax that enhances the creativity of human language. The unique brain mechanisms underlying human language also enhance human cognitive ability, allowing us to derive abstract concepts and to plan complex activities. These factors are necessary for the development of true altruism and moral behavior. Lieberman supports his argument about the evolution of speech and the human brain by combining the comparative method of Charles Darwin, insights from archaeology and child development, and the results of high-tech research with computerized brain scanning and computer models that can recreate speech sounds made by our ancestors over 100,000 years ago. Uniquely Human will stimulate fresh thought and controversy on the basic question of how we came to be.

What does it mean to have a "sense of justice"? Why is clarity about the sense of justice a critical issue in contemporary legal theory? And, what contribution can be made by a naturalistic theory that is informed by research in the life sciences? The distinguished contributors to The Sense of Justice introduce scholars and advanced students to the social and behavioral foundations for the "sense of justice" -- a form of balance or equilibrium which both individuals and legal systems seek to achieve and maintain in a changing and complex world. With diverse disciplinary backgrounds, the contributors bring various viewpoints to bear on the prospect of a more coherent theory of human justice. The Sense of Justice draws upon new discoveries and insights from the biologically-based behavioral sciences that are critical for a more informed understanding of legal phenomena, especially those dealing with complex social and political relationships. Most appropriate for criminology, criminal justice, sociology, and political science professionals and students.

The culmination of twenty years of research, this book is a cross-cultural exploration of the ways in which age, gender, and culture affect the development of social behavior in children. The authors and their associates observed children between the ages of two and ten going about their daily lives in communities in Africa, India, the Philippines, Okinawa, Mexico, and the United States. This rich fund of data has enabled them to identify the types of social behavior that are universal and those which differ from one cultural environment to another. Whiting and Edwards shed new light on the nature-nurture question: in analyzing the behavior of young children, they focus on the relative contributions of universal physiological maturation and universal social imperatives. They point out cross-cultural similarities, but also note the differences in experience between children who grow up in simple and in complex societies. They show that knowledge of the company children keep, and of the proportion of time they spend with various categories of people, makes it possible to predict important aspects of their interpersonal behavior. An extension and elaboration of the classic Children of Six Cultures (Harvard, 1975), Children of Different Worlds will appeal to the same audience-developmental psychologists, social psychologists, anthropologists, and educators-and is sure to be equally influential.

This book, which is in its second edition, provides a provocative mirror from which to discern more clearly one's own assumptions about human nature. . . . I found myself reflecting on the subject matter and its impact on my own life, including relationships, teaching, research, and therapy. . . . The author has done a superb job of raising our consciousness about human nature in this book, an I strongly recommend it to academic and applied psychologists. If you need an invitation to examine your views about human nature, this book is it. --C. R. Snyder, University of Kansas, Lawrence In general, are people trustworthy or unreliable, altruistic or selfish? Are they simple and easy to understand or complex and beyond comprehension? Our assumptions about human nature color everything from the way we bargain with a used-car dealer to our expectations about further conflict in the Middle East. Because our assumptions about human nature underlie our reactions to specific events, Wrightsman designed this second edition to enhance our understanding of human nature--the relationship of attitudes to behavior, the unidimensionality of attitudes, and the influence of social movements on beliefs. Psychologists, social workers, researchers, and students will find Assumptions About Human Nature an illuminating exploration into the philosophies of human nature.

This book, which is in its second edition, provides a provocative mirror from which to discern more clearly one's own assumptions about human nature. . . . I found myself reflecting on the subject matter and its impact on my own life, including relationships, teaching, research, and therapy. . . . The author has done a superb job of raising our consciousness about human nature in this book, an I strongly recommend it to academic and applied psychologists. If you need an invitation to examine your views about human nature, this book is it. --C. R. Snyder, University of Kansas, Lawrence In general, are people trustworthy or unreliable, altruistic or selfish? Are they simple and easy to understand or complex and beyond comprehension? Our assumptions about human nature color everything from the way we bargain with a used-car dealer to our expectations about further conflict in the Middle East. Because our assumptions about human nature underlie our reactions to specific events, Wrightsman designed this second edition to enhance our understanding of human nature--the relationship of attitudes to behavior, the unidimensionality of attitudes, and the influence of social movements on beliefs. Psychologists, social workers, researchers, and students will find Assumptions About Human Nature an illuminating exploration into the philosophies of human nature.

Does a client's age affect the counselling process? What special challenges do older clients present for the counsellor? This book links life-span concepts directly to the daily concerns of counsellors. With the focus on major types of problems that bring clients to counselling, Thomas integrates current research with counselling techniques to enable counsellors to better understand the relationship between changes in personality traits and counselling elderly clients. He identifies key decisions that are typically made in the counselling process and determines what kinds of age-related information will positively influence the counselling process.

In his most probing and expansive work to date, Jerome Kagan-one of this country's leading psychologists-demonstrates that innovative research methods in the behavioral sciences and neurobiology, together with a renewed philosophical commitment to rigorous empiricism, are transforming our understanding of human behavior. Contemporary psychology, according to Kagan, has been preoccupied with three central themes: How malleable is temperament? How predictable are the milestones of cognitive development? How accurate is consciousness as a window onto the self, its motives, beliefs, and emotions? In a review of past approaches to these questions, Kagan argues persuasively that behavioral scientists have reached less-than-satisfactory answers because they have failed to appreciate the biases inherent in their frame of reference and the limitations of their investigative procedures. He calls into question a number of techniques that have been mainstays of psychological investigation: the Ainsworth Strange Situation for assessing the emotional attachment of an infant to its mother, and interviews and questionnaires as indexes of personality, to name only two. Kagan's own research has used novel laboratory situations to discover a group of children who exhibit a pattern of behavior he calls "temperamentally inhibited"-they are restless and irritable from birth, and by twenty-four months cling to the mother and show biological signs of high anxiety in unfamiliar situations. These findings, coupled with current understanding of the structure and chemistry of the nervous system, lead him to speculate that these children are born with a biological predisposition that favors the development of a shy, fearful personality. Through longitudinal studies of this kind, as well as through his cross-cultural investigations of cognitive development, Kagan has infused new meaning into the nature-nurture debate.

This immensely practical volume describes the rationale, development, and utilization of cognitive-behavioral techniques in promoting health, preventing disease, and treating illness, with a particular focus on pain management. An ideal resource for a wide range of practitioners and researchers, the book's coverage of pain management includes theoretical, research, and clinical issues, and includes illustrative case material.

Is it better to be a big frog in a small pond or a small frog in a big pond? Here, economist Robert H. Frank argues that concerns about status permeate and profoundly alter a broad range of human behavior. He shows how status considerations affect the salaries people earn, the way they spend them, and even many of the laws, regulations, and cultural norms they adopt. Provocative and insightful, this book is sure to spark widespread and lively debate in classrooms and boardrooms alike.

This study of childhood neuroses focuses on the role of the early mother-child relationship and its effect on the development of the ego, super-ego, object relations and aggression. The pathological conditions discussed are arranged in accordance with the developmental stages.