|
|
Books > Social sciences > Psychology > Philosophy & theory of psychology > Behavioural theory (Behaviourism)
Everyone has teased, nagged, betrayed, or lied to another person.
Likewise, everyone has been the unfortunate object of such
unpleasant behaviors. In this intriguing book, social psychologist
Robin M. Kowalski examines the intricacies of six annoying
interpersonal behaviors: complaining, teasing, breaches of
propriety, worry and reassurance-seeking, lying, and betrayal. She
considers the functions of these behaviors, the types of people who
are inclined to do them, the consequences for victims and
perpetrators, and the ways in which such behaviors might be
curtailed. Complaining, Teasing, and Other Annoying Behaviors
provides for the first time a multifaceted picture of common
annoying behaviors. The book answers these questions and many
others: Why do people tease? What are the consequences of annoying
behaviors for the people involved? Is there a positive side to
irritating behaviors? Are people more likely to lie to those close
to them or to strangers? Do excuses and apologies diminish the
hurtful effect of unpleasant behaviors? What is the relation of
gender and culture to specific annoying acts?
2013 Reprint of 1950 Edition. Full facsimile of the original
edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. American
writer Faber Birren devoted his life to color and it's effects on
human life. After writing around 25 texts on the topic, it would be
safe to say his work is considered highly among color experts and
psychologists around the world. Birren's work has a strong focus on
linking how humans perceive colors to how it makes them react. He
writes, "Good smelling colors are pink, lilac, orchid, cool green,
aqua blue." Birren explores the work of several physicians,
scientists and doctors, mainly the German psychoanalyst and
physician Felix Deutsch, whose findings throw important light not
only on medical practice with references to color but on the whole
psychology of color. Birren states that if a person prefers warmer
colors such as hues of red and oranges, they are likely to me more
aware of their social environment. He labels these as "warm color
dominant subjects." On the other hand, those preferring cooler
colous such as blues and greens, are categorized generally as "cold
color dominant subjects" and are recognized as finding it
challenging to adapt themselves to new environments and
situations." By splitting people into separate categories, based on
their color preferences, Birren finds himself able to establish a
greater understanding of their personalities and characteristics.
One experiment Birren explores in his text, courtesy of Kurt
Goldstein, involves a subject standing before a black wall with his
eyes shut and arms outstretched to touch the wall in front. When
the subject is influenced by a warm color such as the color red,
his arms deviate away from each other, whereas when under the
influence of a cooler colour such as green or blue, even though the
reaction is a subtle one, the subject will move his arms closer
together. I find this experiment, simple as it is, to be
fascinating in highlighting the strong effects colors have on our
minds and bodies. As well as distinguishing the differences in
peoples' character through his use of color psychology, Birren also
touches on the effects colors can have on the mentally ill. This
section was the most interesting and involved a series of complex
experiments such as discovering which neurological disorders were
linked to which colors. Courtesy of the work by Hans Huber, it was
proven that patients suffering manic tendencies preferred the color
red, a symbol of blood and anger. Hysterical patients were more
sensitive to green, "perhaps as an escape," the color linked to
paranoid subjects was found to be brown and schizophrenics are
sensitive to yellow. Birren states that persons troubled with
"nervous (neurotic) and mental (psychotic) disturbances are greatly
affected by color and are responsive to it." Therefore color
becomes much more significant to them, and affects them in a
completely different way than those without such neurological
disturbances. Chapter 12 "Neurotics and Psychotics" is the most
compelling in the text as it relates to my dissertation topic.
After struggling to find texts specific to my research subject,
this text and its contents came as a welcomed discovery and I will
be referring to Birren's work throughout my further research.
This is a new release of the original 1950 edition.
Certain basic assumptions, essential to any scientific activity,
are sometimes called theories. That nature is orderly rather than
capricious is an example. Certain statements are also theories
simply to the extent that they are not yet facts. A scientist may
guess at the result of an experiment before the experiment is
carried out. The prediction and the later statement of result may
be composed of the same terms in the same syntactic arrangement,
the difference being in the degree of confidence. No empirical
statement is wholly non-theoretical in this sense, because evidence
is never complete, nor is any prediction probably ever made wholly
without evidence. The term "theory" will not refer here to
statements of these sorts but rather to any explanation of an
observed fact which appeals to events taking place somewhere else,
at some other level of observation, described in different terms,
and measured, if at all, in different dimensions. Research designed
with respect to theory is also likely to be wasteful. That a theory
generates research does not prove its value unless the research is
valuable. Much useless experimentation results from theories, and
much energy and skill are absorbed by them. Most theories are
eventually overthrown, and the greater part of the associated
research is discarded. This could be justified if it were true that
productive research requires a theory, as is, of course, often
claimed. It is argued that research would be aimless and
disorganized without a theory to guide it. The view is supported by
psychological texts that take their cue from the logicians rather
than empirical science and describe thinking as necessarily
involving stages of hypothesis, deduction, experimental test, and
confirmation. But this is not the way most scientists actually
work. It is possible to design significant experiments for other
reasons and the possibility to be examined is that such research
will lead more directly to the kind of information that a science
usually accumulates.
The places where people live vary considerably in terms of their
social, economic, political, climatic, and physical
characteristics. These conditions affect how people from different
regions behave and interact with their environments and each other.
Geographical psychology makes the case that understanding of
psychological phenomena can be greatly informed by a
cross-disciplinary perspective that investigates the spatial
organization and geographical representation of such phenomena and
the mechanisms that are responsible. The research described in this
volume indicates that personality, political ideology, well-being,
happiness, human virtues, and personal concerns are related to
several important geographic social indicators. Additionally, the
contributors show how aspects of the social and physical
environment influence and interact with such indices as health and
morbidity, well-being, crime rates, identity, creativity, and
community orientation. Collectively, the chapters in this volume
provide a foundation for developing theory and research in this
intriguing new field of study.
Psychology Classics: The Case of Little Albert
Conditioned Emotional Reactions by John B. Watson and Rosalie
Rayner is one of the most influential, infamous and iconic research
articles ever published in the history of psychology. Commonly
referred to as "The Case of Little Albert" this psychology classic
attempted to show how fear could be induced in an infant through
classical conditioning. Originally published in 1920, Conditioned
Emotional Reactions remains among the most frequently cited journal
articles in introductory psychology courses and textbooks.
A psychology classic is by definition a must read. However, most
seminal texts within the discipline remain unread by a majority of
psychology students. A detailed, well written description of a
classic study is fine to a point, but there is absolutely no
substitute for understanding and engaging with the issues under
review than by reading the authors unabridged ideas, thoughts and
findings in their entirety.
Bonus Material:
One of the most dramatic aspects of Watson and Rayner's original
study was that they had planned to test a number of methods by
which they could remove Little Albert's conditioned fear responses.
However, as Watson noted "Unfortunately Albert was taken from the
hospital the day the above tests were made. Hence the opportunity
of building up an experimental technique by means of which we could
remove the conditioned emotional responses was denied us."
This unforeseen turn of events was something that obviously stayed
with Watson, as under his guidance some three years later, Mary
Cover Jones conducted a follow-up study - A Laboratory Study of
Fear: The Case of Peter - which illustrated how fear may be removed
under laboratory conditions. This additional and highly relevant
article is also presented in full.
The Case of Little Albert has been produced as part of an
initiative by the website All About Psychology to make important
psychology publications widely available.
www.all-about-psychology.com
2013 Reprint of 1936 Edition. Exact facsimile of the original
edition, not reproduced with Optical Recognition Software. This
work is one of the most important contributions to the purely
clinical side of psychoanalytic work. It is mainly concerned with
the problem of anxiety--its sources, mechanisms and functions--and
the author's earlier views n the subject are critically examined
and very considerably revised.
Unto Relationship is an addressing of behaviors between
individuals, both actions and verbalization, which are very often
negative; however, the behaviors are very often overlooked or not
given thoughtful attention. Insomuch as this occurs, they then
become the major components in a long, and seemingly, acceptable
(normal, happy) relationship. In most instances, in these
relationships, the self of one of the participants is significantly
diminished.
Unto Relationship is a piece, a record, with interpretation, of
accumulated naturalistic observations, the method used in the first
attempts to study human behavior, other than reviewing man's
expression of self and nature in art and literature. And still
today, we cannot place human beings in cages, cells, or rooms to be
observed and their behaviors recorded.
In the twelve essays which comprise the work, (easily read in
one sitting), are observations "in the natural," and the very
personal insights gleaned of them over a period of years, beginning
in the author's early adulthood, so as to understand motivation and
forthcoming behavior. They may appear critical of relationship, but
nonetheless show opportunities for meaningful physical and
emotional interaction which are obviously necessary for the
fullness of the human animal.
There exists, of course, few more famous figures in the field of
psychology than Sigmund Freud. As the founding father of
psychoanalysis, or the clinical method for treating psychopathology
through dialogue between a patient and a psychoanalyst, his impact
on the field of psychology cannot be understated. Based on a series
of lectures given at the University of Vienna in 1915,
"Introductory Lectures on Psychoanalysis" builds upon Freud's
earlier work "Five Lectures on Psycho-Analysis" to provide a
comprehensive overview of the pioneer's work in the field of
psychoanalysis. G. Stanley Hall describes in his preface that
"these twenty-eight lectures to laymen are elementary and almost
conversational. Freud sets forth with a frankness almost startling
the difficulties and limitations of psychoanalysis, and also
describes its main methods and results as only a master and
originator of a new school of thought can do. These discourses are
at the same time simple and almost confidential, and they trace and
sum up the results of thirty years of devoted and painstaking
research." A must read for those interested in the field of
psychology and Freud's contribution to it.
Barry Schwartz, Steven Robbins, and new coauthor Edward Wasserman
offer students an engaging introduction to the basic principles of
Pavlovian conditioning, operant conditioning, and comparative
cognition. The text s critical approach exposes students to the
unresolved problems and controversies surrounding behavior theory
and encourages them to interpret the material and make connections
between theories and real-life situations. With several hundred new
references, a new emphasis on comparative cognition, and expanded
treatment of neuroscience and the neural basis of learning, the
Fifth Edition sets the standard in its coverage of contemporary
theory and research."
Fashion and Beauty Care in the Modern Environment is tremendous.
Women, especially are more sensitive to all this. Most beautiful
women even are not satisfied with their natural beauty. In the
continuous race of proving oneself as more beautiful than others,
women use various kinds of instruments. The markets are littered
with hundreds of poor quality and chemical cosmetics that ruin
their natural beauty as well. Through this book, you can just sit
at home and make use of universal fruits, vegetables, spices etc to
remain beautiful forever and have that fresh glow.
#v&spublishers
This book traces the psychology, history and theory of the
compulsion to collect, focusing not just on the normative
collections of the Western canon, but also on collections that
reflect a fascination with the "Other" and the marginal - the
ephemeral, exotic, or just plain curious.
There are essays on the Neoclassical architect Sir John Soane,
Sigmund Freud and Kurt Schwitters, one of the masters of collage.
Others examine imperialist encounters with remote cultures - the
consquitadors in America in the sixteenth century, and the British
in the Pacific in the eighteenth - and the more recent collectors
of popular culture, be they of Swatch watches, Elvis Presley
memorabilia or of packaging and advertising.
With essays by Jean Baudrillard, Thomas DaCosta Kaufmann, Nicholas
Thomas, Mieke Bal, John Forrester, John Windsor, Naomi Schor, Susan
Stewart, Anthony Alan Shelton, John Elsner, Roger Cardinal and an
interview with Robert Opie.
Contemporary Human Behavior Theory: A Critical Perspective for
Social Work, 3e approaches HBSE from a comparative theory
perspective, providing coverage of the most current and
contemporary theories as well as traditional theories. It includes
contemporary developments in traditional lifespan theory, theories
of political economy, and a separate chapter on transpersonal
theory. Each chapter includes coverage of the research that
supports a particular theory, an analysis of the validity of that
research, and a discussion of updated "Contemporary Issues." The
text encourages students to develop critical thinking skills in
analyzing and comparing theories.
Learn how to build rapport almost instantly and get on with anyone
you meet in any circumstance. Communicate better and improve your
self confidence. Manage others more effectively. Be more successful
in what ever you choose
Are you Kinesthetic/Moving-First? Are you Visual/Seeing-First? Are
you Auditory/Hearing-First? Every face tells a story. People may
say you are lying when you look down. Not true You may just be
feeling or hearing what's being said. There's more to the story on
what your eyes are saying. Much more than the pronouncements on the
internet and TV would like for you to believe All people do not
learn in the same way, at the same rate and at the same time. As a
writer of business books, a thinking partner and worldwide
executive coach for many years, Dr. Karen Otazo helps us understand
how our brains work with our senses at school, at home and with any
person of authority. I'm Really Listening Even Though I'm Not
Looking at You helps, parents, teachers, kids and young adults be
more successful at school and in their lives. You will learn about
your brain, learning styles and more.
Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of
rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for
everyone!
Kessinger Publishing is the place to find hundreds of thousands of
rare and hard-to-find books with something of interest for
everyone!
"Managing Classroom Behavior" is written for elementary, middle,
and high school teachers, both general "and" special educators, who
are currently in training or already teaching in the classroom.
Based entirely on empirical research and richly illustrated with
numerous examples on how behavior is managed in the classroom, this
popular case book is widely used in the education community. Giving
its readers a real-world look at the subject, it provides the
opportunity for teachers to practice applying principles of
behavior management through the analysis of actual case studies,
self-questioning, and reflection. All case studies are included-in
full- in Part II of the text and portray teachers' actual
experiences and opportunity for application by the reader. Widely
diverse, the cases depict general and special educator, and
describe students ranging from primary grades to high school. There
are also multicultural cases and a discussion of multicultural
issues. This updated edition features a new chapter on planning for
the school year and managing the physical environment; a new
special feature which makes direct and explicit links between
chapters in Part I and specific cases in Part II; revised and
updated case studies, with the inclusion of "all "case descriptions
now in the text; reorganized inclusion of APA references and the
APA Style Guide; and all chapters have gone through a thorough
revision process.
The author writes his comprehensive text based on three principles:
community, prevention of discipline problems, and positive support
for students with behavior difficulties. The text is filled with
practical strategies in managing classroom behavior based on
theories of human behavior, merging the best practices of both
general and special education in order to provide a practical and
research-based guide to managing all students in the classroom. A
comprehensive view of classroom management based on community,
prevention, and positive behavior supports; Integrates theory with
practice; Deals with significant classroom issues including how to
prevent problem behaviors, how to establish a classroom community
and how to teach social skills to student with problem behaviors;
Classroom management for all students including the culturally
diverse and those with special needs; Special consideration is
given to students with the following problem behaviors: ADHD,
nonverbal learning disabilities, passive-aggressive behavior,
depression, aggressive behaviors, and students receiving special
education for emotional disabilities; Covers how learning
communities meet student basic needs for affiliation, control and
mastery; how many behavior problems can be prevented through
consistent routines, effective group management, engaging lessons
and positive student-teacher relationships; and for those students
with emotional or behavioral difficulties, interventions must be
data-based and proactive. Designed to meet the needs of both
pre-service and veteran educators, both in general and special
education, and pre-service and graduate students studying early
childhood, elementary and special education.
The first study of its kind to address the issue of ethnic
diversity, Minority Citizens in Disasters focuses on the responses
of two minorities-blacks and Mexican-Americans-relative to whites
in three disaster events: a propane car derailment, a nitric acid
spill, and a flood. Ronald Perry and Alvin Mushkatel find that
response to initial warnings is influenced by the source of the
information-mass media, public authorities, or family and
friends-and by the immediacy of the danger, a group's familiarity
with the type of threat, and the cause of the disaster. Though
social contacts were most often the source of warning, public
authorities were the most trusted and reliable. The mass media,
usually considered an unreliable source, proved an effective means
for reaching a majority of Mexican-Americans, who often tuned in to
Spanish-language stations. Blacks, however, tended to dismiss the
media as a vehicle controlled by whites and covering primarily
white concerns, while whites often dismissed news stories as mere
media productions. Perry and Mushkatel's record of the responses of
blacks, Mexican-Americans, and whites not only reveals the
differing social configurations of minority and majority groups
but, more importantly, suggests concrete ways to modify and improve
emergency management systems.
Whether you are finding your way as a manager or you want to
enhance the skills you already have, the Instant Manager series is
exactly what you need Written by leading experts, they are
inexpensive, concise but above all authoritative guides to the
subject at hand. The portable format allows you to carry the book
easily to fit learning and development into your busy work life.
Based on the 10 most FAQs, each chapter ends with a quick tip that
can be taken on board immediately. A handy tear out card covering
the most salient points allows you to carry the expertise with you
wherever you go. 'Body Language' includes coverage of the
following, specifically tailored to give managers an understanding
of Body Language can help them at work: what body language is and
why it is important in management, how it can help in understanding
office politics, improving presentation, interview and appraisal
skills. Two particularly fascinating chapters cover body language
within the contexts of the office social life and the topical
subject of security. Backed by the authority of the Chartered
Management Institute, this is an essential addition to the
manager's library.
|
|