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Books > Social sciences > Psychology > Philosophy & theory of psychology > Behavioural theory (Behaviourism)
Would you ask a honeybee to point at a screen and recognise a
facial expression? Or ask an elephant to climb a tree? While humans
and non-human species may inhabit the same world, it's likely that
our perceptual worlds differ significantly. Emphasising Uexkull's
concept of 'umwelt', this volume offers practical advice on how
animal cognition can be successfully tested while avoiding
anthropomorphic conclusions. The chapters describe the capabilities
of a range of animals - from ants, to lizards to chimpanzees -
revealing how to successfully investigate animal cognition across a
variety of taxa. The book features contributions from leading
cognition researchers, each offering a series of examples and
practical tips drawn from their own experience. Together, the
authors synthesise information on current field and laboratory
methods, providing researchers and graduate students with
methodological advice on how to formulate research questions,
design experiments and adapt studies to different taxa.
Freud's excellent lectures introducing the key pillars of
psychoanalytic practice and theory are presented here complete.
Delivered between 1915 and 1917, the lectures detail theories
pioneered by Freud. Delivered in the later part of his career,
these lectures are a retrospective summary of the ideas which
revolutionized psychology in the early 20th century. It is here
that the fully-formed ideas are expressed clearly, with the added
benefit of experiences Freud had in employing his methods to treat
sufferers of mental illness and neuroses. The translation of the
lectures to English was accomplished by Freud's contemporary G.
Stanley Hall. Since first appearing in 1920, this rendition of the
lectures has been praised for accurately relaying the concepts,
theory and practices behind Freudian psychoanalysis. This edition
also contains an introductory preface by Hall, who explains the
intellectual context and rival theories present in the-then
fledgling scientific discipline of psychology.
Antisocial behaviour terrifies most, if not all human beings. This
fear leads to various, previously learned ways of trying to defend
against it. It often leads to disrespect in relationships and wars
between countries. On a professional level, it has given rise to
resources such as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual to prevent
this behaviour. This book uses case studies, client narratives and
socio-political examples to show these different forms of defence
are often, ironically also the fuel of growing antisocial and
prosocial behaviour. Seeing antisocial behaviour as a resource for
learning new skills of defence (instead of justification for
disrespect), and using it transformatively, could result in
different consequences, based on interpersonal, national and
international growth. Prevention and transformation of antisocial
behaviour depends crucially on our commitment to look critically at
ourselves and the work people do so that society can develop a
sense of agency. In this book, the author uses examples from a
developing country, South Africa (and as it has learned from other
countries, particularly the United States), as a microcosm. Its
mission over the past twenty-two years has been to transform from a
country ravaged by disrespect to one of mutual respect. It has
largely failed, not due to lack of intention, but because of not
knowing how legacies from the past are persistent in the identity
of the country as they are in the identities of people as
individuals and in their relationships. Nonetheless, there are
instances where lessons from the past have been used to transform
the present. This broad analysis of antisocial behaviour in South
Africa can be of particular interest not only in this country, but
also to other countries plagued by growing levels of crime and
violence.
Our world and bodies are becoming increasingly polluted with
chemicals capable of interfering with our hormones and thus,
possibly, our present and future neural and mental health. As
authors Heather Patisaul and Scott Belcher outline, there is a
large lack of data and evidence in this causal relationship, which
begs a need for further study to accelerate progress in the
endocrinology and neuroendocrinology fields. Endocrine Disruptors,
Brain, and Behavior focuses on if and how these chemicals, known as
endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs), affect the development and
function of the brain and might be contributing to neural disorders
rapidly rising in prevalence. The book provides an overall
synthesis of the EDC field, including its historical roots, major
hypotheses, key findings, and research gaps. The authors explain
why even the concept of endocrine disruption is controversial in
some circles, how differing definitions of endocrine disruption and
what constitutes an "adverse" outcome on the brain shape public
policy, and where the current capacity by different stakeholders
(industry, academia, regulatory agencies) to evaluate chemicals for
safety in a regulatory context begins and ends. The book concludes
with suggestions for future research needs and a summary of
emerging technology which might prove capable of more effectively
evaluating existing and emerging chemicals for endocrine disrupting
properties. As such, it provides the context for interdisciplinary
and innovative input from a broad spectrum of fields, including
those well-schooled in neuroscience, evolutionary biology, brain,
behavior, sex differences, and neuroendocrinology.
Behavioral strategy continues to attract increasing research
interest within the broader field of strategic management. Research
in behavioral strategy has clear scope for development in tandem
with such traditional streams of strategy research that involve
economics, markets, resources, and technology. The key roles of
psychology, organizational behavior, and behavioral decision making
in the theory and practice of strategy have yet to be
comprehensively grasped. Given that strategic thinking and
strategic decision making are importantly concerned with human
cognition, human decisions, and human behavior, it makes eminent
sense to bring some balance in the strategy field by complementing
the extant emphasis on the "objective' economics-based view with
substantive attention to the "subjective" individual-oriented
perspective. This calls for more focused inquiries into the role
and nature of the individual strategy actors, and their cognitions
and behaviors, in the strategy research enterprise. For the
purposes of this book series, behavioral strategy would be broadly
construed as covering all aspects of the role of the strategy maker
in the entire strategy field. The scholarship relating to
behavioral strategy is widely believed to be dispersed in diverse
literatures. These existing contributions that relate to behavioral
strategy within the overall field of strategy has been known and
perhaps valued by most scholars all along, but were not adequately
appreciated or brought together as a coherent sub-field or as a
distinct perspective of strategy. This book series on Research in
Behavioral Strategyi will cover the essential progress made thus
far in this admittedly fragmented literature and elaborate upon
fruitful streams of scholarship. More importantly, the book series
will focus on providing a robust and comprehensive forum for the
growing scholarship in behavioral strategy. In particular, the
volumes in the series will cover new views of interdisciplinary
theoretical frameworks and models (dealing with all behavioral
aspects), significant practical problems of strategy formulation,
implementation, and evaluation, and emerging areas of inquiry. The
series will also include comprehensive empirical studies of
selected segments of business, economic, industrial, government,
and non-profit activities with potential for wider application of
behavioral strategy. Through the ongoing release of focused topical
titles, this book series will seek to disseminate theoretical
insights and practical management information that will enable
interested professionals to gain a rigorous and comprehensive
understanding of the subject of behavioral strategy. Decision
Making in Behavioral Strategy contains contributions by leading
scholars in the field of behavioral strategy research. The 10
chapters in this volume cover a number of significant issues
relating to the decision making processes, practices, and
perspectives in the field of behavioral strategy, covering diverse
topics such as failures in acquisitions, entrepreneurs under
ambiguity, metacognition, neural correlates of emotion, knowledge
flows, behavioral responses, business modeling, and alliance
capability. The chapters include empirical as well as conceptual
treatments of the selected topics, and collectively present a
wide-ranging review of the noteworthy research perspectives on
decision making in behavioral strategy.
This is a new release of the original 1950 edition.
Research on fundamental learning processes continues to tell an
important and interesting story. In the Second Edition of his
textbook, Mark Bouton recounts that story, providing an in-depth
but highly readable review of modern learning and behavior theory
that is informed by the history of the field. The text reflects the
author's conviction that the study of animal learning has a central
place in psychology, and that understanding its principles and
theories is important for students, psychologists, and scientists
in related disciplines (e.g., behavioral neuroscience and clinical
psychology). Lively and current, Learning and Behavior: A
Contemporary Synthesis, Second Edition engages students while
illustrating the interconnectedness of topics within the field and
the excitement of modern research. What's New in This Edition Over
50 new chapter-end Discussion Questions engage the student in
reviewing and integrating the chapter material. In addition to new
figures, all of the art has been digitally enhanced and updated to
full colour. New and expanded coverage of topics such as
metacognition in animals, behavioral economics, hybrid attention
theory, consolidation and reconsolidation, the motivational control
of instrumental behavior, and action and habit learning. More
illustrative studies that focus on human participants. All material
has been thoroughly updated, with 279 new references cited.
Elva R Ainsworth is widely regarded as one of the UK's leading
practitioners and trainers in the field of 360 degree feedback. A
real determination to help people see their personal and
organisational blindspots has fuelled Elva's work in the area of
all-round behavioural insight. This has driven her twenty years'
experience in designing and delivering 360 degree feedback projects
globally and her appetite to incorporate some of the latest
insights on change processes. "360 Degree Feedback: A
Transformational Approach" reveals unique and powerful
methodologies creatively illustrated with real examples of what is
possible. This book is essential reading for HR and OD
professionals, consultants and coaches who wish to take their
skills to a new level.
Behavioral Principles in Communicative Disorders: Applications to
Assessment and Treatment covers basic principles of the science of
behaviorism and applies those principles to the assessment and
treatment of communicative disorders. It begins with the history
and basic principles of behaviorism, as well as a chapter examining
Skinner's (1957) concept of verbal behavior and functional units of
verbal behavior. The text then discusses functional behavior
assessment, the formulation of operationally defined target
behaviors, discrete trial treatment procedures, and various
techniques for increasing desirable behaviors and decreasing
undesirable behaviors. The concluding chapters describe single-case
research designs that support the efficacy of behavioral
principles, and address ethical questions and historic
controversies surrounding the application of those
principles.Speech-language pathologists (SLPs) seek to change
communicative behaviors in the clients they serve; the principles
of behavioral science have many applications to the assessment and
treatment of communicative disorders.There is a vast body of
evidence indicating the efficacy of behavioral approaches in
behavior modification, and SLPs have been charged by their
professional association to employ evidence-based practices. Also,
there is an appreciation for the usefulness of behavioral
principles in treating clients with very severe communicative
disorders, such as autism, apraxia, and dysfluency. This is
evidenced by the development of the field of applied behavior
analysis and the growing numbers of board certified behavior
analysts (BCBA), with whom SLPs may be called upon to
collaborate.Behavioral Principles in Communicative Disorders is
primarily designed for practicing speech-language pathologists
looking for detailed descriptions of evidence-based treatment
procedures, as well as professors and students in university
programs in communicative disorders. However, professionals in
other fields, such as applied behavior analysis and special
education, will also find this to be a highly useful text.
Self-awareness is an important aspect of successful management
careers. The first chapter of this book investigates the link
between self-awareness and personality. The authors also examine
personality traits including self-confidence, self-efficacy, and
motivation; explore the connection between emotional intelligence
and individual differences in psychological type among church
leaders; discuss personality prototypes in older adulthood; the
personality and quality of life in patients with epilepsy and
schizophrenia; and finally, provides information on empowerment
through intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy.
This is a new release of the original 1950 edition.
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