All science proceeds by progressively building on the work of others while remaining open to new discoveries and challenging existing conceptual frameworks. The same is true of culturo-behavior science. This textbook presents the scientifically rigorous work of the last several decades that has taken a behavior-analytic view of social and cultural processes, with an eye for contributions that address social and cultural issues. The chapters herein explore and elaborate on the history, theories, and methodologies of culturo-behavior science and those of its researchers and practitioners. Throughout this volume, the authors intentionally prompt students to both learn from and question the current theory and methods while shaping their own research and practice. This book presents multiple intersecting perspectives intended for graduate-level students of behavior analysis. Contributors to this volume include many of the major scholars and practitioners conducting research and/or practicing in communities and larger cultural systems. Their work is scientifically guided, systemic, and ecologically valid; it includes basic research as well as efforts having applications in community health, sustainability, environmental issues, and social justice, among other matters. There is material here to support specialists preparing to do research or practice within community and cultural-level systems. As well, students who intend to do direct and clinical work will find the background they need to make contributions to the field as engaged, informed citizens.

Nicotine in the form of tobacco has been more widely used by humans than almost any other psychoactive drug. Recognition of the important role of nicotine in tobacco addiction, together with rapid advances in the techniques available to neuroscientists, has led to a great increase in research into the effects of nicotine on the central nervous system. This book consists of invited reviews from a variety of experts on many aspects of the psychopharmacology of nicotine. They integrate the present state of knowledge in this area and explore molecular, biochemical, neurophysiological, and behavioural approaches to studying nicotine and central nicotinic receptors. As well as having implications for health problems associated with tobacco use, the results have enhanced understanding of how central nicotinic mechanisms are involved in other psychiatric and neurological states, such as Parkinson's Disease and Alzheimer's Disease.

This is the first comprehensive guide devoted exclusively to the widely encountered class of behaviors that consist of repetitive, habitual, and apparently purposeless actions. The authors, leading experts in the field, bring to light the latest information on these stereotyped behaviors and examine their occurrence in psychiatric and neurological patients, as well as in response to stress, drug use, environmental factors, and other causes. The volume includes an historical perspective, information on the role of brain dopamine, the neuropsychological significance of effects of stimulant drugs, and the contribution of dopamine receptor subtypes. Yawning and grooming responses are considered, and are discussed in relation to coping with stress. 5-Hydroxytryptamine and stereotyped behavior is reviewed, and the stereotypy induced by drugs or by brain damage is given full analysis. Environmental factors are discussed and two full chapters are devoted to stereotyped responses and performance encountered in psychiatric and neurological patients.

Urban Narratives foregrounds previously silenced voices of young people of color who are labeled disabled. Overrepresented in special education classes, yet underrepresented in educational research, these students - the largest group within segregated special education classes - share their perceptions of the world and their place within it. Eight 'portraits in progress' consisting of their own words and framed by their poetry and drawings, reveal compelling insights about life inside and out of the American urban education system. The book uses an intersectional analysis to examine how power circulates in society throughout and among historical, cultural, institutional, and interpersonal domains, impacting social, academic, and economic opportunities for individuals, and expanding or circumscribing their worlds.

Helping clients to develop alternative and more constructive viewpoints to tackle their problems lies at the heart of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT). This development is facilitated by the quality of the argument not to be confused with arguing that therapists present to their clients. Students as well as experienced practitioners frequently complain that they are "stuck" when confronted with some clients' self defeating thoughts and beliefs; they lack or cannot think of good and persuasive arguments to put forward at the time. The purpose of this book is to provide therapists with ideas and arguments they can present to and build on in their discussions with clients. This book represents an addition to the therapist's "argumentarium" in the same way that new techniques are added to the therapist's armamentarium. It will appeal not only to cognitive behavioural practitioners, novice and experienced alike, but also to every therapist who wants to improve their current repertoire of rational arguments to promote client change.

This manual retains Adler's concept that the life style of any individual is a singular pattern of thinking, feeling, and acting that is unique to that individual and represents the context in which all specific manifestations must be considered.

Providing a means for assessing the life style and using the information in therapy, it explains what life style is, elements of the family constellation and its interpretation, early recollections and their interpretations, and means for obtaining data.

Psychoanalysis is, above all, the science of the emotions but, as yet, there is no single accepted theory of affects. Instead, there are many, all of them too limited, based, as they are, on idiosyncratic introspection. R. D. Hinshelwood presents an extensive scoping of the prominent theories from the philosophy of mind and academic psychology alongside a review of psychoanalytic ideas based on instinct theory or object relations. This wide review of divergent theories from various disciplines helps to mitigate variation and identify commonalities. From this scoping exercise, Hinshelwood creates a form of qualitative meta-analysis which enables the most common dimensions to come to the fore - namely, 113 features of affects form a more general theory with four dimensions. This more systematic view offers an affective 'space' as a model for thinking about the nature of affects, their origins, and their consequences. At the same time, Hinshelwood retains the personal. He starts with the memory which initiated his quest to understand how much we are rooted in the experience of our feelings and includes a chapter documenting his own idiosyncrasies to bring his own bias to the fore. In this way, the book preserves the especially personal and intimate quality of its universal topic.

This book explains psychological, sociopolitical and organisational change in multidisciplinary settings. It shows how advanced techniques of contextual analysis can be applied to complex situations and offers a new cybernetic agency paradigm based on living systems theory. It models, diagnoses, and analyses complex, realworld situations to anticipate patterns of behaviour.

For over a century and a quarter, the science of learning has expanded at an increasing rate and has achieved the status of a mature science. It has developed powerful methodologies and applications. The rise of this science has been so swift that other learning texts often overlook the fact that, like other mature sciences, the science of learning has developed a large body of knowledge. The Science of Learning comprehensively covers this knowledge in a readable and highly systematic manner. Methodology and application are discussed when relevant; however, these aspects are better appreciated after the reader has a firm grasp of the scientific knowledge of learning processes. Accordingly, the book begins with the most fundamental and well-established principles of the science and builds on the preceding material toward greater complexity. The connections of the material with other sciences, especially its sister science, biology, are referenced throughout. Through these frequent references to biology and evolution, the book keeps in the forefront the recognition that the principles of learning apply to all animals. Thus, in the final section the book brings together all learning principles studied in research settings by demonstrating their relevance to both animals and humans in their natural settings. For animals this is the untamed environment of their niches; for humans it is any social environment, for Homo sapiens is the social and learning animal par excellence.

Patients with complex problems, including co-morbidity, chronic conditions, enduring vulnerabilities, psychotic conditions, persistent difficulties with social relationships and destabilising social environments, are increasingly recognised as the reality of the therapist’s case load. The cognitive behavioural case formulation approach can be particularly suited to the treatment of such complex cases. This book brings together some of the most experienced and expert cognitive behavioural therapists to share their specialist experience of formulation and treatment of these complex cases. The experienced clinician will find in these accounts

• Evidence-based approaches to assessment and formulation of complex cases
• A wide range of problems not restricted to disorder categories, including anger, low self-esteem, abuse and shame
• A concern with the realities of clinical practice which involves complex cases that do not fit neatly into simple case conceptualisations or diagnostic categories

Social psychology is about the people who populate our everyday lives, and how they affect our 'personal universe', defining who we are, and shaping our behaviour, beliefs, attitudes, and ideology. In an age where we've mapped the human genome and explored much of the physical world, the study of people's behaviour is one of the most exciting frontiers of scientific endeavor. In this Very Short Introduction Richard Crisp tells the story of social psychology, its history, concepts and major theories. Discussing the classic studies that have defined the discipline, Crisp introduces social psychology's key thinkers, and shows how their personal histories spurred them to understand what connects people to people, and the societies in which we live. Taking us from the first ideas of the discipline to its most cutting edge developments, Crisp demonstrates how social psychology remains profoundly relevant to everyday life. From attitudes to attraction, prejudice to persuasion, health to happiness - social psychology provides insights that can change the world, and help us tackle the defining problems of the 21st century. ABOUT THE SERIES: The Very Short Introductions series from Oxford University Press contains hundreds of titles in almost every subject area. These pocket-sized books are the perfect way to get ahead in a new subject quickly. Our expert authors combine facts, analysis, perspective, new ideas, and enthusiasm to make interesting and challenging topics highly readable.

What do evolutionary science and contextual behavioral science have in common? Edited by David Sloan Wilson and Steven C. Hayes, this groundbreaking book offers a glimpse into the histories of these two schools of thought, and provides a sound rationale for their reintegration. Evolutionary science (ES) provides a unifying theoretical framework for the biological sciences, and is increasingly being applied to the human-related sciences. Meanwhile, contextual behavioral science (CBS) seeks to understand the history and function of human behavior in the context of everyday life where behaviors occur, and to influence behavior in a practical sense. This volume seeks to integrate these two bodies of knowledge that have developed largely independently. In Evolution and Contextual Behavioral Science, two renowned experts in their fields argue why ES and CBS are intrinsically linked, as well as why their reintegration-or, reunification-is essential. The main purpose of this book is to continue to move CBS under the umbrella of ES, and to help evolutionary scientists understand how working alongside contextual behavioral scientists can foster both the development of ES principles and their application to practical situations. Rather than the sequential relationship that is typically imagined between these two schools of thought, this volume envisions a parallel relationship between ES and CBS, where science can best influence positive change in the real world.

Brain and behaviour are intrinsically linked. Animals demonstrate a huge and complex repertoire of behaviours, so how can specific behaviours be mapped onto the complicated neural circuits of the brain? Highlighting the extraordinary advances that have been made in the field of behavioural neuroscience over recent decades, this book examines how behaviours can be understood in terms of their neural mechanisms. Each chapter outlines the components of a particular behaviour, discussing laboratory techniques, the key brain structures involved, and the underpinning cellular and molecular mechanisms. Commins covers a range of topics including learning in a simple invertebrate, fear conditioning, taste aversion, sound localization, and echolocation in bats, as well as more complex behaviours, such as language development, spatial navigation and circadian rhythms. Demonstrating key processes through clear, step-by-step explanations and numerous illustrations, this will be valuable reading for students of zoology, animal behaviour, psychology, and neuroscience.

Many of us would like to change one or more of our own behaviors, or those of others. Governments and public health officials frequently initiate programs to promote behavior change on a broad scale. But behavior change is difficult, and success frequently eludes us. Reset: An Introduction to Behavior Centered Design presents a new framework for achieving behavior change that draws on recent advances in neuroscience, evolutionary biology, and ecological psychology. Behavior Centered Design provides a behavioral model derived from reinforcement learning theory, develops a fundamental taxonomy of needs based in evolutionary biology, shows how the disruption of behavior settings is key, and lays out the steps involved in programming for behavior change. Part 1 of Reset begins with an in-depth presentation of the theory behind the model - such as how BCD conceptualizes behavior change - and emphasizes the key principles of surprise, revaluation, and performance. Part 2 is a step-by-step manual for conceiving, creating, implementing, and evaluating a behavior change program. Numerous real-life examples are provided, as well as additional resources to support mastery of the BCD approach. Applied successfully to a range of public health behaviors as well as in commercial product design and marketing, the BCD approach encourages behavior change practitioners to think differently about behavior - both in understanding how and why it is produced, and in how to design programs to change it.

Unleash Conflict's Creative Potential

Absolutely essential reading for anyone interested in identity conflicts and how to overcome them. Provides a fascinating theoretical introduction to the phenomena, detailed case study experiences, and a final training guide for practitioners...a landmark work.
--Kevin Clements, director, Institute for Conflict Analysis and Resolution, George Mason University

Presenting a brilliant new approach to conflict resolution that will intrigue and inform practitioners and scholars alike. Writing from his remarkable range of academic and real-world experiences--including his historic work in bringing Israel and the PLO to the negotiation table--Rothman shows how identity-based conflict can be managed so that both parties reach a higher ground than either could have found on its own. His vehicle is his ARIA model, and here he traces the ARIA process through Antagonism, Resonance, Invention, and Action, demonstrating step-by-step how it can be applied in a variety of environments. Complete with field-tested assessment instruments and action plans, Resolving Identity-Based Conflict is a seamless union of theory and practice anyone seeking to turn the passion of conflict into the fuel of creativity can use.

Brief Cognitive Behaviour Therapy can be applied to the treatment of a wide range of problems in many different settings. In this unique handbook, Frank Bond and Windy Dryden, have brought together a prominent cast of authors, to discuss issues concerning the definition, assessment and, in particular, the practice of brief Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CBT).

Contents include:

• The difference between brief and regular CBT and evidence for its effectiveness

• How to use brief CBT in your own area of practice

• Applying brief CBT to emotional disorders, anxiety, workplace stress and more

Humans are complex social beings. To understand human behaviour, an integrated perspective is required - one which considers both what we regularly do (our personality traits) and what motivates us (our values). Personality, Values, Culture uses an evolutionary perspective to look at the similarities and differences in personality and values across modern societies. Integrating research on personality and human values into a functional framework that highlights their underlying compatibilities (driven by shared genetic and brain mechanisms), Fischer describes how personality is shaped by the complex interplay between genes and the environment, both over the course of human evolution and within the lifespan of individuals. He proposes a gene-culture coevolution model of personality and values to explain how and why people differ around the world and how genes, economics, social conditions, and climate jointly shape personality.

"The Deer and the Tiger" is Schaller's detailed account of the ecology and behavior of Bengal tigers and four species of the hoofed mammals on which they prey, based on his observations in India's Kanha National Park.
"This book is a treasure house of biological information and it is also a delight to read. . . . Excellent phoographs accompany the text."--Robert K. Enders, "American Scientist"
"The one book that has been my greatest source of inspiration is "The Deer and the Tiger" by George Schaller, based on the first ever scientific field study of the tiger. . . . This book is written by a scientist, but speaks from the heart. . . . It reveals startling information on feeding habitats, territorial behaviour, and the nuances that make up the language of the forest; you become totally immersed in the world of the tiger. . . . For all of us who work in tiger conservation, this book is "the" bible."--Valmik Thapar, "BBC Wildlife"

Examining the interconnections between genes and culture is crucial for a more complete understanding of psychological processes. Genetic predispositions may predict different outcomes depending on one's cultural context, and culture may predict different outcomes depending on genetic predispositions - that is, genes and culture interact. Less is understood, however, about how genes and culture interact, or the psychological mechanisms through which gene-culture interactions occur. In this Element, Heewon Kwon and Joni Y. Sasaki review key findings and theories in gene-culture interaction research. They then go on to discuss current issues and future directions in gene-culture research that may illuminate the path toward an explanatory framework.

Few observers of relationship dynamics would dispute the claim of interdependence theorists that a defining feature of close relationships is the extent to which partners influence each other's thoughts, feelings, or behaviors. However, partners do not behave simply in response to each other's behavior; both partners in a given relationship bring themselves - indeed, their selves - into the relationship as well. Not only are individuals' selves enormously complex and rich in content, but so too are the multitude of personality characteristics, including traits, values, attitudes, motives, and emotions, that contribute to selves' richness. Gaines, Jr provides a major integration of research on personality with research on relationship science, and demonstrates how personality constructs can be readily incorporated into the two most influential theories of close relationships: attachment theory and interdependence theory. This study will be of value to scholars in the fields of close relationships, personality psychology, communication studies, and family studies.

"Financial Risk Taking" explores the complex relationship between human behaviour and the markets, offering the reader a context in which to assess their own strengths and weaknesses. It is essential reading for anyone wishing to invest in stocks and trade futures as part of a Self-Investment Pension or day trading business. Following years of trading and careful research the author has developed the comprehensive Model of Trading Competence that depicts the competences and competencies required to succeed.

The book embraces some controversial issues and introduces the concepts of: Perceptual Errors - how these negatively influence the trading process and how to overcome them through applying techniques such as analysis and refutation. Emotions - are they enabling or disabling in the investment/trading forum? Research showing that they are indispensible to the decision processes in trading and everyday life is discussed. The Paramouncy Principle - demonstrates that you are the most importan t variable in the trading equation. Self-Sabotaging Behaviours - what they are and how to overcome them. Loss and Success Depression - what are success and failure]? How to overcome feeling of hopelessness if it all goes wrong. Stress - what it is and how to ameliorate its negative effects.

Eight Standards with relevant criteria are presented in the final chapter in the style of a work-book for readers and students to structure their personal learning.

Few diseases have exercised the Western imagination as chronically as hysteria--from the wandering womb of ancient Greek medicine, to the demonically possessed witch of the Renaissance; from the "vaporous" salong women of Enlightenment Paris, through to the celebrated patients of Sigmund Freud, with their extravagant, erotically charged symptoms. In this fascnating and authoritative book, Mark Micale surveys the range of past and present readings of hysteria by intellectual historians; historians of science and medicine; scholars in gender studies, art history, and literature; and psychoanalysts, psychiatriasts, clinical psychologists, and neurologists. In so doing, he explores numerous questions raised by this evergrowing body of literature: Why, in recent years, has the history of hysterical disorders carried such resonance for commentators in the sciences and humanities? What can we learn form the textual traditions of hysteria about writing the history of disease in general? What is the broader cultural meaning of the new hysteria studies? In the second half of the book, Micale discusses the many historical "cultures of hysteria." He reconstructs in detail the past usages of the hysteria concept as a powerful, descriptive trope in various nonmedical domains, including poetry, fiction, theater, social thought, political criticism, and the arts His book is a pioneering attempt to write the historical phenomenology of disease in an age preoccupied with health, and a prescriptive remedy for writing histories of disease in the future. Mark S. Micale is Assistant Professor of History at Yale. He is the editor of Beyond the Unconscious: Essays of Henri F. Ellenberger (Princeton). Originally published in 1994. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

This book uses evolution as the unifying theme to trace the connections between levels of biological complexity from genes through nervous systems, animal societies, and human cultures. It examines the history of evolutionary theory from Darwin to the present, including: the impact of molecular biology and the emergence of evolutionary social theory.