This is the golden age of cognitive therapy. Its popularity among society and the professional community is growing by leaps and bounds. What is it and what are its limits? What is the fundamental nature of cognitive therapy? It is, to my way of thinking, simple but profound. To understand it, it is useful to think back to the history of behavior therapy, to the basic development made by Joseph Wolpe. In the 1950s, Wolpe astounded the therapeutic world and infuriated his colleagues by finding a simple cure for phobias. The psychoanalytic establishment held that phobias-irrational and intense fear of certain objects, such as cats-were just surface manifesta tions of deeper, underlying disorders. The psychoanalysts said their source was the buried fear in male children of castration by the father in retaliation for the son's lust for his mother. For females, this fear is directed toward the opposite sex parent. The biomedical theorists, on the other hand, claimed that some as yet undiscovered disorder in brain chemistry must be the underlying problem. Both groups insisted that to treat only the patient's fear of cats would do no more good than it would to put rouge over measles. Wolpe, however, reasoned that irrational fear of something isn't just a symptom of a phobia; it is the whole phobia."

Authors from Europe and the USA give a summary in this book of the current psychological knowledge about the socialization determinants of human aggressive behavior development and outline theoretical perspectives as wellas directions of future research. Thus, the volume includes theoretical and conceptual chapters concerning socialization and sources of aggression (Part I), chapters presenting a summary of empirical researchon early developmental determinants of aggressive and antisocial behavior patterns (Part II), chapters on the effects of social norms and education onaggression in children and youth (Part III), and finally contributions analyzing relationship between aggression as a psychological phenomenon and socio-cultural phenomena and processes (Part IV). The contributing authors have outstanding research experience and significant publications on socialization and aggression development. Their studies are embedded in various philosophical traditions and specific socio-cultural experiences; the book therefore provides a wide range of approaches and syntheses of current research.

Among the subjects this volume touches on are adult psychopathology, psychoanalytic technique, developmental theory, the training of psychoanalysts, child and adolescent psychopathology, and the appraisal and application of the work of W. Bion and of R. Money-Kyrle. This is a good introduction to Dr Meltzer's work but it is those readers with clinical psychoanalytic experience and a working acquaintance with his neo-Kleinian contributions who will enjoy this book the most.

This book has been prepared for those readers who want to maintain their knowledge of current developments in the field of behavioral research as applied to auditing. The articles and papers presented in this volume were selected because they will contribute to the knowledge and advancement of not only the individual researcher or educator, but also of the profession. It is our belief that if research endeavors may be viewed as having stages of life, then the field of behavioral research in auditing is in its genesis. Almost twenty years ago, in speaking of the state of the art of psychology, William Hays expressed a most.appropriate thought: Experimental evidence is accumulating at a rapid rate in psychology, and efforts at constructing psychological theories with mathematical deductive power are constantly being made. However, it seems safe to say that it will be sometime before there are psychological laws and theories on a par with those of physics. The absence of a general theory does not imply that those relations are missing or unhpportant in psychology; the discovery and specification of relations is the process by which those theories are built. (Hays, 1973, p. 40.) In the first chapter, "Experimental Research and the Distinctive Features of Accounting Settings," Robert Libby presents an encompassing and knowledgeable summary of the changes that have taken place during the last decade in human information processing research in accounting and experimental economics as it relates to those issues."

What use are tears? What is their purpose? In this book, the author argues that we underestimate the importance of this powerful means of communication. Tears are dismissed as a symbol of weakness when we should value them as a source of energy and creativity.;In case histories, based on original research, she shows how, why, when and where human beings cry and the barriers placed in their way. By shaming people - particularly boy children and men - we also suppress human capacities to express tenderness and compassion for distress in ourselves and in others. Than can affect our health, our relationships and our capacity to protest against injustice.

No matter what we do, however kind or generous our deeds may seem, a hidden motive of selfishness lurks--or so science has claimed for years. This book, whose publication promises to be a major scientific event, tells us differently. In "Unto Others" philosopher Elliott Sober and biologist David Sloan Wilson demonstrate once and for all that unselfish behavior is in fact an important feature of both biological and human nature. Their book provides a panoramic view of altruism throughout the animal kingdom--from self-sacrificing parasites to insects that subsume themselves in the superorganism of a colony to the human capacity for selflessness--even as it explains the evolutionary sense of such behavior.

Explaining how altruistic behavior can evolve by natural selection, this book finally gives credence to the idea of group selection that was originally proposed by Darwin but denounced as heretical in the 1960s. With their account of this controversy, Sober and Wilson offer a detailed case study of scientific change as well as an indisputable argument for group selection as a legitimate theory in evolutionary biology.

"Unto Others" also takes a novel evolutionary approach in explaining the ultimate psychological motives behind unselfish human behavior. Developing a theory of the proximate mechanisms that most likely evolved to motivate adaptive helping behavior, Sober and Wilson show how people and perhaps other species evolved the capacity to care for others as a goal in itself.

A truly interdisciplinary work that blends biology, philosophy, psychology, and anthropology, this book will permanently change not just our view of selfless behavior but also our understandingof many issues in evolutionary biology and the social sciences.

The initial conceptualization of this book was much more narrow than the final product that has emerged. I started out believing that it would be enlightening to have a group of acknowledged rational-emotive therapy (RET) expert practitioners with well-established literary credentials write about how they approach the problem of modifying dient irrationality. Many RET practitioners of all levels of experience are, on the one hand, enamored of the economy, the precision, and the accuracy of psychological insight that RET theory offers, but they are, on the other hand, equally frustrated by their own inability to "persuade" or otherwise change some of the dients they work with more quickly or even at all. Indeed, dients themselves frequently express the view that RET is illuminating, yet they find themselves at the same time puzzled and perplexed by their inability to make the substantial changes that RET invites. It became dearer as I discussed the project with many of the contrib utors that to practice RET effectively requires more than just innovative and persistent assessment and intervention techniques. For example, Rus sell Grieger expressed the view that more prerequisite work needs to be done on the value and philosophical systems of dients-induding person al responsibility and the philosophy of happiness-before many dients can show significant shifts in their thinking. Susan Walen raised the gener al issues of how effective RET can be in the treatment of biologically driven affective disorders."

The past 20 years have seen the emergence of family violence as one of the most critical problems facing society. The alarming incidence figures of abuse and neglect directed toward family members justify this atten tion. For example, over 1 million children are thought to be abused and neglected each year. Similarly, almost 2 million women are victims of wife battering each year. Annual rates of elderly mistreatment are thought to be as high as 32 per 1000 population. Accurate epidemiologi cal data only now are being compiled on more recently recognized forms of mistreatment, such as psychological abuse, ritualistic abuse of chil dren, and child witnessing of adult violence. The pervasiveness of do mestic mistreatment makes it a priority for clinicians and researchers alike. For clinicians, intrafamilial violence represents a formidable chal lenge with respect to assessment and treatment. The etiology of abuse and neglect is multidetermined. There are numerous pathways in the development of family violence, and these interact and converge in a nonlinear fashion. The consequences of family violence are equally com plex and divergent. Victims of mistreatment can display a variety of physical injuries and psychological disturbances. No single psychiatric syndrome or symptom constellation has been consistently implicated in any form of family mistreatment. The perpetrators of family violence are equally heterogeneous in their clinical presentations. Illustrative dys functions in perpetrators include skill deficits, substance abuse, mental illness, and impulse-control disorders."

Why do women so often feel ashamed of having periods? Sophie Law's research convinced her that the answer lay in men's attitudes to menstruation. This book takes a unique approach to the subject, investigating what men really know and think about menstruation, and how, as lovers, fathers, husbands, doctors or 'experts', they impost their views on women.

Men's attitudes to menstruation are impossible to separate from how they see women generally. Ideas about women's 'natural' inferiority, and concern that women's needs and problems may inconvenience men are common themes. Women are not allowed to create their own meanings for bodily events like menstruation, and may meet with angry hostility if they fail to observe the etiquette of silence. Such oppressive attitudes make it very difficult for women to feel in any way positive about something which is undeniably about being a women - this book shows how an understanding of what women are up against may be needed to bring release form the negative messages of patriarchal cultures.

The third part of a set of four volumes which seeks to provide an historical and theoretical perspective for consideration of theory and practice in conflict resolution and provention.;The authors puts forward an adequate theory of behaviour which they contend is needed to provide a basis for the analysis and resolution of conflict. The other volumes cover human needs theory and practices in management, settlement, and resolution in addition to a detailed description of the facilitated conflict resolution process.

The term homosexuality did not exist until K.M. Benkert coined it in 1869. The phenomenon, however, has existed probably as long as humans have walked the earth. The many enigmas of sexual orientation that have baffled people for centuries--including what makes some children grow up to be homosexual, while others become heterosexual or bisexual, and to what degree is gender identity determined before birth--continue to do so.
John Money, one of the foremost investigators of human sexuality, cogently addresses many of these questions in this authoritative, thought-provoking study. Drawing on case studies from his sexology clinic, he explores the diverse historical, cultural, and physiological influences that determine sexual orientation. Covering such topics as prenatal and postnatal history, gender differentiation in childhood, and postpubertal hormonal theories, Money offers a much-needed, highly informative, and timely exploration into this important subject.

The advent of ultrasound scans has made it possible to observe the fetus undisturbed in its natural surroundings. In this remarkable book, Dr Alessandra Piontelli describes in moving detail her observations of the behaviour of several children from very early stages in the womb, through birth, to infancy and childhood. By drawing on her experiences as a child psychotherapist and psychoanalyst as well as on her observational research, she is able to investigate issues relating to individuality, psychological birth and the influence of maternal emotions during pregnancy.
The first study of its kind, From Fetus to Child shows how observational and psychoanalytic data can offer different but complementary insights in attempting to answer fundamental questions about human development.

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Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) is one of the most common of the emotional disorders. It involves habitual, repetitive behaviours that can be bizarre, disruptive and eventually disabling, which can destroy lives and relationships.

Ross Menzies and Padmal de Silva have brought together recognised international leaders in the field to provide an overview of current advances in knowledge, theory, assessment and treatment of OCD. Set out in five sections, the first explores the nature of OCD providing a solid foundation for the sections to follow. The second considers various conceptual and theoretical aspects of the disorder, including neuropsychological and cognitive models, individual differences and biological factors. The third section describes clinical presentations and subtypes, including washing and cleaning, checking, hoarding, slowness, atypical presentations, and the spectrum disorders. Assessment and treatment are dealt with extensively in the fourth section, providing a thorough review of all available treatments with known efficacy, including Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP), Danger Ideation Reduction Therapy (DIRT) and pharmacological interventions. Particular emphasis is given to treatment of complex and treatment-resistant cases. The final section concerns professional issues, such as training, resources and service provision.

This comprehensive but concise volume will provide practical guidance for trainees, as well as established practitioners in clinical psychology, psychiatry, and related disciplines such as mental health nursing, counselling and therapy.

Many of the diseases which afflict people in an affluent society like the United States seem to be related to food consumption (e.g., adult-onset diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and colon cancer). In recent years, the health-related professions have become aware that their exclusive aim of disease treatment must be expanded to include health promotion. Professionals in food and nutrition, health education, social marketing, and psychology, as well as others have become interested in finding ways to promote healthy behaviors such as appropriate food consumption patterns. To modify food-related behavior, knowledge about why people eat what they eat is required. Both biological and sociocultural factors determine people's consumption behavior. This monograph, however, examines only the sociocultural determinants of individuals' food-related behaviors within their zone of biological indifference. The sociocultural variables are divided into two major categories - sociodemographic and psychological. Sociodemographic variables are often called external variables and include income, ethnicity, age, and the like. Psychosocial variables are thought to reflect the individual's internal state, and commonly examined variables include knowledge, beliefs, and attitudes.

The purpose of this book is to review existing and developing family assessment methods relevant to the study of psycho pathology. It is our intention not only to inform clinical re searchers of the many valuable family assessment methods that are available, but also to encourage the incorporation of such procedures into future research efforts. In so doing, we believe that our understanding of the etiology, course, treatment, and prevention of adult and childhood disorders will be greatly enriched. The book begins with an overview of the larger social and intellectual forces which have led to the current interest in study ing family influences on psychopathology in children and adoles cence. For each "stream of influence," we attempt to highlight theoretical and methodological contributions relevant to the fami ly's role in the etiology, exacerbation, and treatment of childhood disorders. Next, a framework for classifying family measurement procedures is introduced in which three major dimensions are emphasized: unit of analysis, source of data, and construct as sessed. The third and most important chapter provides detailed reviews of a selected number of methods within each of the major groupings that have been delimited, references and brief descrip tions of other measures that cannot be reviewed in detail, and a discussion of the promising and developing techniques that are known to the authors."

This book coincides with an increase in the programming of live art elements in many galleries and museums. Traditional art history has, however, been wary of live art's interdisciplinarity and its tendency to encourage increased formal and conceptual risk taking. Time-based performances have challenged the conventions of documentation and the viewer's access to the art experience. This book questions the canon of art history by exploring participation, liveness, interactivity, digital and process-based performative practices and performance for the camera, as presented in gallery spaces. The essays present both academic research as well as case studies of curatorial projects that have pushed the boundaries of the art historical practice. The authors come from a wide range of backgrounds, ranging from curators and art producers to academics and practising artists. They ask what it means to present, curate and create interdisciplinary performative work for gallery spaces and offer cutting-edge research that explores the intricate relationship between art history, live and performing arts, and museum and gallery space.

Structural Modelling by Example offers a comprehensive overview of the application of structural equation models in the social and behavioral sciences and in educational research. It is devoted in nearly equal proportions to substantive issues and to methodological ones. The substantive section comprises case studies of the use of these models in a number of disciplines. The authors emphasize the reasons for modelling by these methods, the processes involved in defining the model, and the interpretation of the results. The methodological section comprises investigations of the behavior of structural equation modelling methods under a number of conditions. The aim is to clarify the situations in which these methods can usefully be applied and the interpretations that can be made. All researchers with a basic understanding of regression and factor analysis will find this book to be an invaluable resource as they seek to evaluate the possibilities of these new approaches for their own data.

Featuring a highly interactive learning system, this popular text is noted for its exceptionally clear and thorough coverage of how to conduct a functional behavioral assessment (FBA), select a function-based classification of the problem, and design a function-based intervention that takes into consideration a replacement behavior. A wealth of case studies, many of which are drawn from the authors' clinical experiences in educational and mental health settings, give readers a realistic look at applied behavioral analysis. This book better prepares readers to design effective treatment for problem behaviors in a variety of settings by providing them with a deeper understanding of the related environmental function prior to introducing assessment and treatment, making it an ideal text for advanced students, clinicians, and practitioners. New to this edition: Chapter opening objectives and BACB Standards match the content to be covered with the task list objectives established by the Behavior Analyst Certification Board (BACB) to help readers master the necessary skills required of behavior analysts. An engaging interactive approach, icons throughout the text alert readers to review related detailed explanations and illustrations highlighting FBA demonstrations and functional treatments in the on-line narrated Power Point lectures. New Competency Assignments tied to the text and the narrated Power Point lectures, help students master the required competencies as outlined by the BACB. Simulation Exercises get readers actively involved in collecting data, conducting an assessment, demonstrating the use of a function, or observing how to "shape" an alternate behavior. Self-Assessment exercises provide fuel for thought for testing one's understanding of the content. Introduces the Cipani EO School Behavioral Interview Rating System and form to help in conducting a behavioral interview (Ch.2). Introduces the Cipani Diagnostic Classification System of Replacement Function, a unique, three-category classification system for determining the strength of the replacement behavior(s) (Ch. 4). Online instructor's resources including test items that are tied to the chapter objectives and competencies, a conversion guide for current adopters, tips for creating a course syllabus and using the discussion questions and assignments, additional teaching tips via video, and word files of the chapter objectives, the BACB standards, assignments, forms and more. Online student resources including narrated PowerPoint slides and video lectures, related YouTube videos and articles, and the self-assessment exercises.

Eating disorders are potentially life-threatening psychiatric illnesses commonly accompanied by serious medical problems. They typically appear during adolescence or early adulthood, a time when young people are heading to college or interviewing for a first job. Many people recover fully from eating disorders, but others become chronically ill, and symptoms can continue into middle age and beyond. Written by leading authorities in eating disorders research and treatment, Eating Disorders: What Everyone Needs to Know answers common questions about eating disorders, including anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge eating disorder, as well as a newly described condition, avoidant/restrictive food intake disorder (ARFID). Practical yet authoritative, the book defines the eating disorders, explains what we know about them based on the latest science, and describes how treatment works. Importantly, the book dispels common myths about eating disorders, such as the notion that they occur only amongst the affluent, that they affect only girls and women, or that they simply result from environmental factors such as the fashion industry and society's obsession with thinness. In reality, as the book explains, there is substantial evidence that eating disorders are brain-based illnesses that do not discriminate, and that they have been around for a very long time. Eating Disorders: What Everyone Needs to Know is essential reading for those seeking authoritative and current information about these often misunderstood illnesses.

How can we help students develop resilience to persevere in the face of setbacks? How can we ignite a drive that will inspire them to sustain effort even through difficulty? This book equips teachers to deliberately cultivate psychosocial skills, including self-awareness, problem solving to deal with setbacks, assertive interpersonal skills, and intellectual risk-taking. By teaching students to be aware of how their thoughts, emotions, and behaviors affect their pursuit of excellence, students can learn to tackle challenges and setbacks that they might experience as they reach to achieve. Lessons include engaging activities and curriculum connections, covering topics related to perfectionism, mindset, grit, stress, procrastination, social-emotional intelligence, and more. Grades 4-

This non-technical guide to power analysis in research planning provides users of applied statistics with the tools they need for more effective analysis. Expanded and updated, the book uses the same approach and organization as the previous edition, but includes a chapter covering power analysis in set correlation and multivariate methods, a chapter considering the effect size, psychometric reliability and the efficacy of qualifying dependent variables, and expanded power and sample size tables for multiple regression/correlation.

Ranging from behavioral to molecular levels of analysis, this informative study presents the results of recent research into the biochemistry and neural mechanisms of imprinting. Horn discusses some of the difficulties that researchers have encountered in analyzing the neural basis of memory and describes ways in which these difficulties have been overcome through the analysis of memories underlying habituation and imprinting. He also considers the biochemical consequences of imprinting and its cerebral localization, and examines the relationships between human and animal memory.

Sexual aggression is a pervasive societal problem with devastating and sometimes permanent effects on its victims. Approximately one in four adults have been either victims or perpetrators of sexually aggressive behavior. Until now a disproportionate amount of attention has been paid to victim-based methods of prevention with a corresponding lack of emphasis on the perpetrators of sexual aggression, whose rate of recidivism is quite high. As psychologists and mental health professionals turn their attention to assessment and treatment of sexual offenders, the need for practical, scientifically based information on sexual aggression has become clear. In this book, Gordon Hall offers suggestions based on state-of-the-science theory and research. Using the quadripartite model of sexual aggression to provide a framework for causes and possible solutions, it breaks new ground by proposing preventive intervention with potential perpetrators. The book is a valuable resource for anyone involved in mental health, criminology, and the judicial system.

B.F. Skinner died in August 1990. He was praised as one of the most influential psychologists of this century, but was also attacked by a variety of opponents within and outside the field of psychology. Originally published in 1993, this introduction to his work is first of all a guide to a correct reading of his writings, a reading void of the distortions and misinterpretations often conveyed by many commentators, including psychologists. It frames Skinner's contributions with reference to major European traditions in psychological sciences, namely Pavlov, Freud, Lorenz and Piaget. Crucial aspects of Skinner's theory and methodological stands are discussed in the context of contemporary debates: special attention is devoted to the relation of psychology with biology and the neurosciences, to the cognitivist movement, to the status of language and to the explanation of novelty and creativity in human behaviour. Finally, Skinner's social and political philosophy is presented with an emphasis on the provocative aspects of an analysis of current social practices which fail to solve most of the urgent problems humankind is confronted with today. Both in science proper and in human affairs at large, Skinner's thought is shown to be, not behind, as is often claimed, but on the contrary ahead of the times, be it in his interactive view of linguistic communication, in his very modern use of the evolutionary analogy to explain the dynamics of behaviour, or in his vision of ecological constraints. Written by a European psychologist, the book departs from traditional presentations of Skinner's work in the frame of American psychology. It will provide the reader, who is unfamiliar with the great behaviourist's writings, a concise yet in-depth introduction to his work.

How do you get people who work in pig abattoirs to wash their hands? How does painting the walls of a canteen pink make construction workers behave more safely? And how can baby faces spray painted onto shop shutters reduce anti-social behaviour? Ripple is about how small behaviour changes can have wide-reaching effects in the real world. By applying behavioural science in your working life, you can have positive ripple effects on the world around you. While nudging is now commonplace in politics, most of our daily interactions with companies, products, and services have not yet been transformed with behavioural science. Doing so is often a messy process but, armed with this book, you'll have the practical toolkit to get started. Through storytelling and practical tips, Ripple takes you on a journey across the globe which will leave you inspired to start applying behavioural science to improve the world around you.