Contents:
Preface. Levy, Introduction. Hay, McStephen, Levy, Introduction to the Genetic Analysis of Attentional Disorder. Levy, McStephen, Hay, The Diagnostic Genetics of ADHD Symptoms and Subtypes. Hay, McStephen, Levy, The Developmental Genetics of ADHD Lewis, Familial and Genetic Bases of Speech and Language Disorders. Stevenson, Comorbidity of Reading/Spelling Disability and ADHD. Waldman, Rhee, Levy, Hay, Causes of the Overlap Among Symproms of ADHD, Oppositional Defiant Disorder, and Conduct Disorder. Rhee, Waldman, Levy, Hay, Aetiology of the Sex Difference in the Prevalence of DSM-III-R ADHD: A Comparison of Two Models. Zametkin, Ernst, Cohen, Singel Gene Studies of ADHD. Barr, Swanson, Kennedy, Molecular Genetics of ADHD. Fredine, Lynch, Hurst, Alsobrook II, The Genetic Relationship Between ADHD and Gilles de la Tourette Syndrome. Hay, Levy, Implications of Genetic Studies of Attentional Problems for Education and Intervention. Rutter, Child Psychiatry in the Era Following Sequencing the Genome. Conclusions.

This volume highlights state-of-the-art research on motivated social perception by the leaders in the field. Recently a number of researchers developed influential accounts of how motivation affects social perception. Unfortunately, this work was developed without extensive contact between the researchers, and therefore evolved into two distinct traditions. The first tradition shows that the motivation to maintain a positive self-concept and to define oneself in the social world can dramatically affect people's social perception. The second one shows that people's goals have a dramatic effect on how they see themselves and others. "Motivated Social Perception" shows how these two approaches often overlap and provides insights into how these two perspectives are integrated.
"Motivated Social Perception" contains chapters on:
*the effect of motivation on the activation and application of stereotypes;
*self-affirmation in the evaluations of the self and others;
*implicit and explicit aspects of self-esteem;
*self-esteem contingencies and relational aspects of the self;
*an investigation of the roots and functions of basic goals; and
*extensions of self-regulatory theory.
This book is intended for scholars, researchers, and advanced students interested in social perception and social cognition.

The question of what Wittgenstein meant by 'forms of life' has attracted a great deal of attention in the literature, yet it is an expression that Wittgenstein himself employs on only a relatively small number of occasions, and that he does not explicitly define. This Element gives a description of this concept that also explains Wittgenstein's reluctance to say much about it. A short historical introduction examines the origins and uses of the term in Wittgenstein's time. The Element then presents a survey of Wittgenstein's employment of it, and an overview of the literature. Finally, the Element offers a methodological reading of this notion, interpreting it as a conceptual tool in Wittgenstein's wider inquiries into the workings of our language.

This is a volume about the process of scientific discovery. Thirteen leading senior scientists, each interested in some aspect of behavioral development, recount their intellectual journeys over the course of their careers and document their individual struggles to better understand and describe various developmental phenomena. Covering a broad range of topics, including perceptual, motor, social, and cognitive development, the contributors to this volume provide case-studies of how one pursues a long-term, systematic research program and how scientists continually formulate and reformulate their working conceptual frameworks based on their research results.
Conceptions of Development provides a unique and personal, "behind-the-scenes" account of the process of scientific discovery, illustrating that useful and enduring scientific insight derives from the bidirectional interplay between empirical work and theory formulation.
This volume will be of interest to a broad audience consisting not only of psychologists and psychobiologists interested in the study of development, but also teachers and students interested in behavioral development and its investigation, and the general reader interested in the process of scientific discovery.

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Since its publication in 1949, D.O. Hebb's, "The Organization of Behavior" has been one of the most influential books in the fields of psychology and neuroscience. However, the original edition has been unavailable since 1966, ensuring that Hebb's comment that a classic normally means "cited but not read" is true in his case. This new edition rectifies a long-standing problem for behavioral neuroscientists--the inability to obtain one of the most cited publications in the field.
"The Organization of Behavior" played a significant part in stimulating the investigation of the neural foundations of behavior and continues to be inspiring because it provides a general framework for relating behavior to synaptic organization through the dynamics of neural networks.
D.O. Hebb was also the first to examine the mechanisms by which environment and experience can influence brain structure and function, and his ideas formed the basis for work on enriched environments as stimulants for behavioral development.
References to Hebb, the Hebbian cell assembly, the Hebb synapse, and the Hebb rule increase each year. These forceful ideas of 1949 are now applied in engineering, robotics, and computer science, as well as neurophysiology, neuroscience, and psychology--a tribute to Hebb's foresight in developing a foundational neuropsychological theory of the organization of behavior.

In recent years, a new discipline has arisen that argues human behaviour can be understood in terms of evolutionary processes. Evolutionary Explanations of Human Behaviour is an introductory level book covering evolutionary psychology, this new and controversial field. The book deals with three main areas: human reproductive behaviour, evolutionary explanations of mental disorders and the evolution of intelligence and the brain. The book is particularly suitable for the AQA-A A2 syllabus, but will also be of interest to undergraduates studying evolutionary psychology for the first time and anyone with a general interest in this new discipline.

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This book examines how individuals behave across time and to what degree that behavior changes, fluctuates, or remains stable.

It features the most current methods on modeling repeated measures data as reported by a distinguished group of experts in the field. The goal is to make the latest techniques used to assess intraindividual variability accessible to a wide range of researchers. Each chapter is written in a "user-friendly" style such that even the "novice" data analyst can easily apply the techniques.

Each chapter features:

• a minimum discussion of mathematical detail;
• an empirical example applying the technique; and
• a discussion of the software related to that technique.

Content highlights include analysis of mixed, multi-level, structural equation, and categorical data models. It is ideal for researchers, professionals, and students working with repeated measures data from the social and behavioral sciences, business, or biological sciences.

A dramatic shift in the average age of the U.S. population and the increasing number of elderly Americans has introduced new and challenging healthcare dilemmas. This book addresses these issues with contributed chapters by the leading authorities in the field of behavioral medicine. It deals with health and healthcare needs of the elderly by considering basic changes that result from aging and some of the more specific problems that accompany it.
Content highlights include a review of the basic tenets of genetics and molecular biology including some of the methods of looking at heritable differences in health and well-being. Quality of life concerns are addressed, including the differences between men and women, as well as other gender issues. Several chapters deal with the effects of aging on immunity. The latter part of the book emphasizes the psychosocial implications of aging on cardiovascular disease. Chronic illness among the elderly is also addressed.

The second edition of The Oxford Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology beautifully captures the history, current status, and future prospects of personality and social psychology. Building on the successes and strengths of the first edition, this second edition of the Handbook combines the two fields of personality and social psychology into a single, integrated volume, offering readers a unique and generative agenda for psychology. Over their history, personality and social psychology have had varying relationships with each other-sometimes highly overlapping and intertwined, other times contrasting and competing. Edited by Kay Deaux and Mark Snyder, this Handbook is dedicated to the proposition that personality and social psychology are best viewed in conjunction with one another and that the synergy to be gained from considering links between the two fields can do much to move both areas of research forward in order to better enrich our collective understanding of human nature. Contributors to this Handbook not only offer readers fascinating examples of work that cross the boundaries of personality and social psychology, but present their work in such a way that thinks deeply about the ways in which a unified social-personality perspective can provide us with a greater understanding of the phenomena that concern psychological investigators. The chapters of this Handbook effortlessly weave together work from both disciplines, not only in areas of longstanding concern, but also in newly emerging fields of inquiry, addressing both distinctive contributions and common ground. In so doing, they offer compelling evidence for the power and the potential of an integrated approach to personality and social psychology today.

Obtaining accurate information about behaviors, symptoms, and experiences is critical in many areas of behavioral and biomedical research and in clinical practice. Rigorous methodological techniques have been developed in the last decade to improve the reliability and accuracy of these self reports from research volunteers and patients about their pain, mood, substance abuse history, or dietary habits. This book presents cutting-edge research on optimal methods for obtaining self-reported information for use in the evaluation of scientific hypothesis, in therapeutic interventions, and in the development of prognostic indicators. ALTERNATE BLURB: Self-reports constitute critically important data for research and practice in many fields. As the chapters in this volume document, psychological and social processes influence the storage and recall of self-report information. There are conditions under which self-reports should be readily accepted by the clinician or researcher, and other conditions where healthy scepticism is required. The chapters demonstrate methods for improving the accuracy of self-reports, ranging from fine-tuning interviews and questionnaires to employing emerging technologies to collect data in ways that minimize bias and encourage accurate reporting. Representing a diverse group of disciplines including sociology, law, psychology, and medicine, the distinguished authors offer crucial food for thought to all those whose work depends on the accurate self-reports of others.

How we perceive ourselves and others and how this can influence our behaviour. Includes stereotyping and prejudice, obedience and conformity.

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In laboratory research, the process of conditioning is traditionally initiated with a single intermittent stimulus (such as a tone or flash of light). This is true of both classical and instrumental research. Because of its role in evoking conditioned behavior, the use of an intermittent stimulus has become an indispensable part of laboratory research on conditioned behavior. The question arises whether the same scheme of conditioning may be applied to behaviors occurring in real life.

In Conditioning, Wanda Wyrwicka analyzes evidence of the influence of situations on behavior in laboratory studies. She looks at cases in which the subject's reaction was dependent on complex situations rather than a single stimulus. Wyrwicka suggests that beyond external situations there exists internal factors located in the brain that consist of previous and present experiences that may influence behavior. In Chapter 1, Wyrwicka summarizes Ivan Pavlov's concept of the conditioned reflex using intermittent stimuli. Chapter 2 deals with the mechanisms of motor conditioned behavior and the results of instrumental conditioning studies. Chapter 3 covers the phenomenon called "switching," which is the appearance of a conditioned reaction different than the original conditioned stimulus. In Chapter 4, Wyrwicka describes various studies in which situation becomes a potent factor in conditioned reactions. Chapter 5 describes research pertaining to defensive and alimentary behaviors. Chapter 6 analyzes three examples of complex conditioning: detour, feeding, and presleep behaviors. Chapters 7 and 8 focus on the functions of various internal organs, and the conditioning of electrical brain activity leading to inhibition of epileptic seizures. In her concluding chapter, Wyrwicka discusses theoretically the data mentioned previously.

Conditioning opens up rich possibilities for continued exploration. This revealing work will interest scientists specializing in behavioral sciences, psychologists, neuroscientists, educators, as well as students of biology.

A comprehensive resource for analyzing a variety of categorical data, this book emphasizes the application of many recent advances of longitudinal categorical statistical methods. Each chapter provides basic methodology, helpful applications, examples using data from all fields of the social sciences, computer tutorials, and exercises. Written for social scientists and students, no advanced mathematical training is required. Step-by-step command files are given for both the CDAS and the SPSS software programs.

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eBook available with sample pages: HB:0876309406

This volume addresses topics related to the nature of the stress response, the role of environment in individual differences in stress, and the different strategies used for coping with stressful events. The chapters present theoretical and empirical work focused on a wide range of issues related to stress, soothing, and coping. Authored by recognized authorities with innovative research programs in the field, this volume addresses topics from diverse perspectives in child development, clinical psychology, pediatrics, psychophysiology, and psychobiology. Adaptive and maladaptive outcomes of stress and coping are addressed in various pediatric, medical, and clinical populations. This book also covers recent research on the effects of both prenatal and postnatal stress on subsequent coping, stress reactivity, and socioemotional functioning in the human and nonhuman primate. With this diversity of papers, this volume should be of special value to child development professionals with interests in behavioral and physiological approaches to temperament, emotional expression, and emotional regulation; to those interested in mother-child interaction; and to researchers and clinicians in many different disciplines.

Drugs of Abuse and Addiction: Neurobehavioral Toxicology examines drugs of abuse and addiction and how they affect behavior. This book considers the entire range of addiction research in humans and animals, using a multidisciplinary approach to discuss all areas of the neuro- and behavioral sciences involved. Emphasis is on acute and chronic effects; reversible and irreversible consequences, functional disorders of the nervous system; neurobehavioral dysfunctions; and the multi-sided aspects of adddiction and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms.

Introduction to Neurobehavioral Toxicology: Food and Environment examines the effects of chemicals on the central and peripheral nervous system and the subsequent changes in behavior, with a focus on the toxicity of food components and behavioral effects of environmental toxicants. Topics addressed include acute and chronic effects; reversible and irreversible consequences; functional disorders of the nervous system; neurobehavioral dysfunctions; and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms.

The goal of this volume is to discuss--in depth--the ways in which various "deviations" from "traditional" family styles affect childrearing practices and child development. Each of the contributors illustrates the dynamic developmental processes that characterize parenting and child development in contexts that can be deemed "nontraditional" because they do not reflect the demographic characteristics of the traditional families on which social scientists have largely focused. The contributors deal with the dynamics and possible effects of dual-career families, families with unusually involved fathers, families characterized by the occurrence of divorce, single parenthood, remarriage, poverty, adoption, reliance on nonparental childcare, ethnic membership, parents with lesbian or gay sexual orientations, as well as violent and/or neglectful parents. By doing so, the authors provide thoughtful, literate, and up-to-date accounts of a diverse array of "nontraditional" or traditionally understudied family types. All the chapters offer answers to a common question: How do these patterns of childcare affect children, their experiences, and their developmental processes? The answers to these questions are of practical importance, relevant to a growing proportion of the families and children in the United States, but also have significant implications for the understanding of developmental processes in general. As a result, the book will be of value to basic social scientists, as well as those professionals concerned with guiding and advising clients and public policy.

An alternative to existing bipolar choices, this book looks at individuals and their distances from the self (individuation-deindividuation) and from others (attachment-detachment). Simultaneously theoretical, empirical, and applied, this book can be reasonably applied to all types of individuals involved in interpersonal situations regardless of culture, age, gender, or sexual orientations. Broken into four parts, in the first part, Definitions and Measurements, the author includes an introduction to the Individuation-Attachment Questionnaire.
Implications of TILT for Individuals is the basis for Part Two and includes a view of TILT across the life span. The next section extends the analysis to TILT for Couples and Families. The clinician, counselors, and individuals attempting to help himself/herself are addressed in the final part: TILT for the Clinician and includes application of TILT to everyday life.
The text brings to life, through extensive description, the questions and situations consistently raised in couples therapy: space-too much or not enough.
TILT: Teaching Individuals To Live Together presents a unique model of individuation and attachment and was developed to facilitate the understanding of the complex relationship between these two developmental processes across the life span. The model shows how we gradually develop our boundaries and hence reduce the need for defensive interpersonal walls. The TILT model has applications in the fields of therapy, education, and organizational development. Thus, it will be of interest to mental health professionals including psychotherapists, psychologists, counselors, social workers, and marriage and family therapists. Practitioners of transactional analysis will find this book of supreme interest and usefulness.

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This is the only available comprehensive monograph on interrelations and interdependencies between agonistic and sexual behaviors. Integrating theory and research from biology, anthropology, neurophysiology, endocrinology, psychophysiology, and psychology, this book focuses on the mechanisms that govern the mutual influences between sexuality and aggression in behavior sequences and especially in admixtures of aggressive-sexual behaviors.
This book places human agonistic and sexual behaviors into an evolutionary context. It offers a "Weltbild" of human aggressive-sexual behaviors by tracing their biological and developmental origins and examines the plasticity and manipulability of connections between agonistic and sexual behaviors. Strategies for the maximization of sexual pleasures are elaborated, and intervention treatments--aiming at the control of violent behaviors--are considered. Coercive sexuality is given special attention. Prevalent motive ascriptions to rape are called into question and the motivation that dominates rape is reinterpreted in the context of pleasure maximization.
This second edition brings the coverage of pertinent research up to date. It advances the exploration of aggressive-sexual behaviors by further integrating the research contributions from various disciplines, and by refining and unifying theory capable of explaining the behavioral phenomena under consideration.
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Zillmann examines issues such as sexual access through aggression, the involvement of agonistic behavior within sexuality, sex-aggression fusion, the consequences of anticipatory imagination concerning sexuality, and aspects of libido loss due to excitatory habituation. This book also:
* traces connection between sexuality and aggression in nonhuman species, especially in nonhuman primates,
* subjects human behavior to comparative and evolutionary analysis,
* examines connectedness in neurological and endocrinological terms,
* details both central and autonomic commonalities between sexual and aggressive behaviors,
* outlines sexual dimorphism and chromosomal-endocrine aberrations,
* pays special attention to adrenal commonalities in sexual and aggressive behaviors and the fusion of these behaviors, and
* examines aggressive-sexual connectedness in the analysis of motivation and emotion.
Zillmann finally proposes new explanations for the numerous documented associations between sexuality and aggression. These proposals combine biological, neuroendocrine, autonomic, and cognitive aspects of aggressive and sexual behaviors. A trichotomy of excitatory interdependencies is developed for fight, flight, and coition. In the nomenclature of emotion, this trichotomy concerns the interdependencies between aggressiveness, fear, and sexual impulsion. A considerable amount of research evidence is aggregated in support of these interdependencies.
The author ultimately examines the exploitation of the existing connections between sexual and aggressive behaviors, especially the exploitation that serves the enhancement of sexual pleasure. In this context he arrives at novel, and perhaps distressing, characterizations of sexual coercion. However, he also explores sexual boredom and discusses remedies in the framework of his theorizing. Last but not least, sexual aggression, and sexual and aggressive behaviors independently, are placed into an evolutionary context. Recognition and acknowledgment of the archaic nature of many aspects of sexual and aggressive behaviors, in contrast to the comparatively vernal development of behavior-guiding contemplation, leads him to a unique and provocative proposal of the function of aggression in the realm of sexuality.

While concentrating on the central tenets of behavioural analysis, this volume demonstrates how behavioural analysis can be seen as a general approach to psychology and how it can be related to the various other conceptual frameworks current in modern psychology. Applications of behavioural processes to clinical and social issues are included in each of the eight chapters which deal with different behavioural processes, and every chapter contains self-assessment materials. Introductory and concluding chapters set the scene from which behavioural analysis developed and indicate its prospects for further development.
This second-level psychology textbook elucidates the basic principles of behaviour that have been developed through the experimental analysis of behaviour and illustrates how those principles are encompassing an increasingly large section of the broad field of psychology. In the seventeen years since the publication of the second edition of this volume, a great deal has happened in the

Mobbing bullying or harassment, a severe form of social stressor at work, has become a topic of widespread public interest in several European countries. Mobbing includes minor social conflicts such as socially isolating a person, rumours, or giving somebody a bad name, but also major conflicts like giving somebody no work, or work below or above his or her qualification, threats to kick somebody out of the firm, or threats of physical violence. Although mobbing is a very old phenomenon, it has not been described and systematically investigated until the early 1980s when Heinz Leymann started the first research projects in Sweden.; This special issue brings together scientists and practitioners from various European countries who have done research and possess practical experience in this area. The book begins with an article that introduces the theoretical concept of mobbing. Several articles follow which report empirical findings on mobbing in Austria, Finland, Germany, Norway and Sweden. These articles deal with questions such as: How oftenn does mobbing occur? Can anybody be affected? Who are the mobbers? Are there organizational causes of mobbing? The articles emphasize the severe health consequences which can be observed in nearly every mobbing victim. One article reports two case studies and describes the medical treatment of mobbing victims. Finally, prevention and intervention measures are summarized which were already successfully used in practice.

First published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

This text explores the relationship between the planned or built environment and the occurrence of mental ill-health. It begins by providing a broad overview of what is known about the causes of psychopathic behaviour. It then goes on to discuss the issues that arise when attempting to identify: the impact of the environment as a source of stress; the effects that the environment can have on the quality of relationships between people; and the relationship between symbolic aspects of the environment, the planning process and mental health. The book uses analysis and case studies drawn from the UK and US and contains example illustrations of the built environment.

Contents:
Anger Disorders: Basic Science and Practice Issues. Diagnosis of Anger Disorders. Measuring the Experience, Expression and Control of Anger. A Behaviour-Analytic View of Anger and Aggression. Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Anger. Anger and Criminality. Evaluation of Treatment Strategies for Adult Anger Disorders. Developing the Therapeutic Alliance with Angry Clients. Ideal Treatment for Adults with Anger Disorders. Ideal Treatment Package for Children and Adolescents with Anger Disorders. Conclusions and a Look to the Future.