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Books > Social sciences > Psychology > Philosophy & theory of psychology > Behavioural theory (Behaviourism)
Travel writers and travel journalists are not the same. They differ in identity, purpose and method. The travel writer looks in a mirror; the travel journalist looks out a window. The travel writer serves the travel industry; the travel journalist serves the public. The travel writer is subsidized; the travel journalist pays his own way. Introduction to Travel Journalism highlights these distinctions and offers independent, ethical, substantive journalists the skills and knowledge they need to cover the travel and tourism industry, to provide travelers with credible news and information, and to report significant trends and developments at home and across the world.
A touchstone for understanding how we behave on the job "This is a stimulating and provocative book in bringing together important ideas from different fields, and, thereby, giving us a whole new slant on 'human nature.'" —Edgar H. Schein, Sloan Fellows Professor of Management Emeritus and Senior Lecturer, MIT In this astonishing, provocative, and solidly researched book, two Harvard Business School professors synthesize 200 years of thought along with the latest research drawn from the biological and social sciences to propose a new theory, a unified synthesis of human nature. Paul Lawrence and Nitin Nohria have studied the way people behave in that most fascinating arena of human behavior—the workplace—and from their work they produce a book that examines the four separate and distinct emotive drives that guide human behavior and influence the choices people make: the drives to acquire, bond, learn, and defend. They ultimately show that, just as advances in information technology have spurred the New Economy in the last quarter of the twentieth century, current advances in biology will be the key to understanding humans and organizations in the new millennium.
This book presents and discusses seven contemporary theoretical approaches to behavior analysis that build upon the foundations laid by B.F. Skinner's radical behaviorism and renew its legacy. These contemporary approaches show that behaviorism is not a monolithic or static intellectual tradition, but a dynamic movement, which changes and adapts in face of new questions, issues, and perspectives. The death of behaviorism has been proclaimed since its early days - a "premature" assessment, to say the least - but this volume shows that behaviorism is alive and kicking, even thirty years after its main proponent passed away. This volume contains seven sections, each one dedicated to a particular variation of contemporary behaviorism: Howard Rachlin's teleological behaviorism, William Baum's molar behaviorism and multiscale behavior analysis, John Staddon's theoretical behaviorism, John Donahoe's biological behaviorism, Gordon Foxall's intentional behaviorism, Steven Hayes' contextual behaviorism or contextual behavioral science, and Emilio Ribes-Inesta's field-theory behaviorism. Each section contains three chapters: the first one written by the original proponent of each of these forms of behaviorism, the second one written by a commentator, and the third one written by the proponent, replying to the commentator. Contemporary Behaviorisms in Debate will be a valuable tool to behavior analysts and psychologists in general by providing an introduction to contemporary forms of behaviorism and promoting debates about the main philosophical issues faced by the field of behavior analysis today- issues that can directly influence future epistemological variations in the selection process of "behaviorisms." By doing so the book is directed not only to the present, but, more importantly, toward the future of the field.
Open Learning Units offer a very flexible approach to the teaching
of psychology. They are designed to be more than sufficient for the
purposes of A/S and A-Level psychology, and the applied emphasis
will appeal to various vocational courses such as those offered by
BTEC and also to mature students on Access courses.
The genesis of this book occurred several years ago provide readers with not only the "what to do" of child behavior therapy, but the "how to do it" as in Seattle on the veranda of a Chilean cafe overlook well. Each of the chapters guides the reader through ing Pikes Place Market during a National Associa tion of School Psychologists conference. We were the clinical decision-making process, from identify ing a problem to evaluating the effectiveness of a discussing, along with several other behavioral school psychologists, how the field of child behavior chosen intervention. One of the difficulties in assembling an edited analysis and therapy has experienced rapid growth over the past forty years, but lamenting that books in book is ensuring a high degree of continuity and the area did not reflect the advancements made in the similarity between chapters, without infringing on assessment and treatment of a wide variety of prob the individual writing style of the authors. This lem behaviors evidenced by children. That is not to book is certainly no exception. To help with conti say that there are no good books available to the child nuity, we provided the authors with an outline to use behavior therapist. In fact, most readers of this book as a guide as they prepared their manuscripts. The undoubtedly have bookshelves lined with noteworthy operative word here is "guide."
Mindfulness and one of the roads to it, meditation, have become increasingly popular as a way to promote health and well-being. Meditation can create mindfulness in daily life, which becomes an ingrained habit if applied consistently-it can boost immune function; lower levels of stress, anxiety, or depression; lift affect; regulate emotion more easily; and make you happier. Presence reviews how meditation calms the body and what goes on inside the brain during meditation-how it impacts control over attention, awareness of the body, and the experience of self. It examines how meditation leaves telltale lasting traces in brain structure, and how it impacts important areas of life such as well-being, stress, and health. In addition, it examines how mindfulness can be useful as therapy, alleviating depression, anxiety, worry, and pain. A final chapter provides advice on how to meditate and practice mindfulness in a scientifically sound way, based on what we know about how meditation works. Over the last decade, research on these beneficial effects has boomed in the cognitive and behavioral psychology and neuroscience literature, and Presence provides an overview of this research that is thorough and accessible for the curious meditator, seasoned or beginner, as well as for students and practitioners of contemplative science and related fields.
?In my judgment this book in honor of Donald T. Campbell will be very influential and highly cited. . . . It will become a must read for Ph.D. students and scholars in strategy and organization theory.? ?Arie Lewin, Duke University ?The topics in this volume are cutting edge, and the contributors are first-rate. The book is well anchored?Donald T. Campbell has had a profound influence on the field. Moreover, the book is well-conceptualized?socio-cultural evolution, co-evolution, methods modeling, and epistemology are key issues in organization science right now. ?Michael Tushman, Harvard University If he were an assistant professor today, what would social science giant Donald T. Campbell be pursuing in the field of organization science? Joel A. C. Baum and Bill McKelvey explore this question in Variations in Organization Science. This volume reveals and celebrates Campbell?s many contributions to organization science by presenting new variations that stem directly from his work. Rather than analyze Campbell?s theories, the authors present ideas that Campbell might have pursued if he were currently a doctoral student. This volume is unique in its focus on coevolution and multilevel coevolutionary analysis, as well as in its range of subject matter from empirical studies to leading-edge epistemological discourses. Each of the book?s four main sections focuses on a major aspect of Campbell?s legacy: blind variation, selection, and retention; multilevel coevolution; process level analysis and modeling; and epistemology and methodology. In addition, the volume includes a Foreward by Barbara Frankel Campbell and an unusual Appendix: Donald Campbell?s complete curriculum vitae. Variations in Organization Science should be on the top of the reading list for any organization scientist interested in organizational evolution, change, and competitiveness. This volume will also appeal to any scholar interested in the human and social capital base of firms and how organizational knowledge and learning work to provide the basis of competitive advantage.
Contemporary Issues in Behavior Therapy presents innovative approaches to various societal problems worldwide. Contributors explore issues from diverse areas such as behavioral medicine, education, developmental disability, poverty, problematic behavior, and developmental considerations (ie., early family experiences and aging process). The volume stimulates ideas for research, prevention, and treatment, as well as for managing other modern ills including homelessness, crime, and aggression.
There are now many studies supporting the view that the best treatment for a range of conditions is CBT. Indeed, the National Institute for Clinical Excellence and the NHS have both recommended CBT as the treatment of choice when working with conditions such as depression, anxiety and anger. By adapting many of the strategies associated with CBT allowed to put together a model that helped individuals get the best from everyday life. In addition, by integrating aspects from the new field of Positive Psychology which aims to increase an individual's basic appreciation of life and general happiness it became possible to produce a model that worked for everyone and not just those with an identifiable mental health problem. No More Anger takes the skills and techniques of Cognitive Behavioural Therapy and Cognitive Behavioural Coaching and offers you the opportunity to take control of your anger. It aims to help you understand what is happening to you and teach you how you can overcome your anger. If you use the skills outlined in this book you will learn how to become your own anger management coach.
In attempting to understand the psychological aspects of the developmental process and socialization, the distinct disciplines of sociology and psychology were brought together for the first time. Titles in this set analyze how behaviour is formed and learned. The set contains such classic works as Erich Fromm's 'The Sane Society' and Neil Smelser's 'Theory of Collective Behaviour'.
Behaviour analysis has tradionally been one of the main areas and main approaches to psychology. It is based on laboratory research and in conceptualizations from distinguished figures of the discipline, such as Skinner, Pavlov, Mach, and even Watson and Thorndike. It has generated a science (the experimental analysis of behaviour), a philosophy (behaviourism), and numerous practical applications (applied behaviour analysis). For several decades it was even considered to be the dominant paradigm in psychology. This special issue contains scientific articles in the main areas of behaviour analysis, both as a laboratory science and as an applied discipline. It covers representative research and applications of behaviour analysis at the beginning of the 21st century. The authors come from countries including the United States, China, Mexico, Spain, Belgium, France, Switzerland, Belgium, Colombia, Poland, Greece. This special issue is an indication of the international relevance of this area of psychology, and its current state.
What does it mean to be white in a society that proclaims race meaningless yet is deeply divided by race? In the face of pervasive racial inequality and segregation, most whites cannot answer that question. Robin DiAngelo argues that a number of factors make this question difficult for whites miseducation about what racism is; ideologies such as individualism and colorblindness; defensiveness; and a need to protect (rather than expand) our worldviews. These factors contribute to what she terms white racial illiteracy. Speaking as a white person to other white people, Dr. DiAngelo clearly and compellingly takes readers through an analysis of white socialization. She describes how race shapes the lives of white people, explains what makes racism so hard for whites to see, identifies common white racial patterns, and speaks back to popular white narratives that work to deny racism. Written as an accessible introduction to white identity from an anti-racist framework, What Does It Mean To Be White? is an invaluable resource for members of diversity and anti-racism programs and study groups and students of sociology, psychology, education, and other disciplines.
How challenger parties, acting as political entrepreneurs, are changing European democracies Challenger parties are on the rise in Europe, exemplified by the likes of Podemos in Spain, the National Rally in France, the Alternative for Germany, or the Brexit Party in Great Britain. Like disruptive entrepreneurs, these parties offer new policies and defy the dominance of established party brands. In the face of these challenges and a more volatile electorate, mainstream parties are losing their grip on power. In this book, Catherine De Vries and Sara Hobolt explore why some challenger parties are so successful and what mainstream parties can do to confront these political entrepreneurs. Drawing analogies with how firms compete, De Vries and Hobolt demonstrate that political change is as much about the ability of challenger parties to innovate as it is about the inability of dominant parties to respond. Challenger parties employ two types of innovation to break established party dominance: they mobilize new issues, such as immigration, the environment, and Euroscepticism, and they employ antiestablishment rhetoric to undermine mainstream party appeal. Unencumbered by government experience, challenger parties adapt more quickly to shifting voter tastes and harness voter disenchantment. Delving into strategies of dominance versus innovation, the authors explain why European party systems have remained stable for decades, but also why they are now increasingly under strain. As challenger parties continue to seek to disrupt the existing order, Political Entrepreneurs shows that their ascendency fundamentally alters government stability and democratic politics.
This book provides an alternative method for measuring individual
differences in psychological, educational, and other behavioral
sciences studies. It is based on the assumptions of ordinal
statistics as explained in Norman Cliff's 1996 "Ordinal Methods for
Behavioral Data Analysis." It provides the necessary background on
ordinal measurement to permit its use to assess psychological and
psychophysical tests and scales and interpret the data obtained.
The authors believe that some of the behavioral measurement models
used today do not fit the data or are inherently
self-contradictory. Applications of these models can therefore lead
to unwarranted inferences regarding the status of the derived
variables. These methods can also be difficult to apply,
particularly in small-sample contexts without making additional,
unrealistic assumptions. Ordinal methods more closely reflect the
original data, are simple to apply, and can be used in samples of
any size. The book's approach is in essence a return to simple
empiricism in psychological measurement.
This volume highlights state-of-the-art research on motivated
social perception by the leaders in the field. Recently a number of
researchers developed influential accounts of how motivation
affects social perception. Unfortunately, this work was developed
without extensive contact between the researchers, and therefore
evolved into two distinct traditions. The first tradition shows
that the motivation to maintain a positive self-concept and to
define oneself in the social world can dramatically affect people's
social perception. The second one shows that people's goals have a
dramatic effect on how they see themselves and others. "Motivated
Social Perception" shows how these two approaches often overlap and
provides insights into how these two perspectives are integrated.
Since its publication in 1949, D.O. Hebb's, "The Organization of
Behavior" has been one of the most influential books in the fields
of psychology and neuroscience. However, the original edition has
been unavailable since 1966, ensuring that Hebb's comment that a
classic normally means "cited but not read" is true in his case.
This new edition rectifies a long-standing problem for behavioral
neuroscientists--the inability to obtain one of the most cited
publications in the field.
This book examines how individuals behave across time and to what degree that behavior changes, fluctuates, or remains stable. It features the most current methods on modeling repeated measures data as reported by a distinguished group of experts in the field. The goal is to make the latest techniques used to assess intraindividual variability accessible to a wide range of researchers. Each chapter is written in a "user-friendly" style such that even the "novice" data analyst can easily apply the techniques. Each chapter features:
Content highlights include analysis of mixed, multi-level, structural equation, and categorical data models. It is ideal for researchers, professionals, and students working with repeated measures data from the social and behavioral sciences, business, or biological sciences.
The second edition of The Oxford Handbook of Personality and Social Psychology beautifully captures the history, current status, and future prospects of personality and social psychology. Building on the successes and strengths of the first edition, this second edition of the Handbook combines the two fields of personality and social psychology into a single, integrated volume, offering readers a unique and generative agenda for psychology. Over their history, personality and social psychology have had varying relationships with each other-sometimes highly overlapping and intertwined, other times contrasting and competing. Edited by Kay Deaux and Mark Snyder, this Handbook is dedicated to the proposition that personality and social psychology are best viewed in conjunction with one another and that the synergy to be gained from considering links between the two fields can do much to move both areas of research forward in order to better enrich our collective understanding of human nature. Contributors to this Handbook not only offer readers fascinating examples of work that cross the boundaries of personality and social psychology, but present their work in such a way that thinks deeply about the ways in which a unified social-personality perspective can provide us with a greater understanding of the phenomena that concern psychological investigators. The chapters of this Handbook effortlessly weave together work from both disciplines, not only in areas of longstanding concern, but also in newly emerging fields of inquiry, addressing both distinctive contributions and common ground. In so doing, they offer compelling evidence for the power and the potential of an integrated approach to personality and social psychology today.
In Our Biosocial Brains, Michele Lewis underscores culture, brain, behavior, and social problems to advocate for a more inclusive cultural neuroscience. Traditional neuroscientists to date have not prioritized studying the impact of power, bias, and injustice on neural processing and the brain's perception of marginalized humans. Lewis explains current events, historical events, and scientific studies, in Our Biosocial Brains. Readers will be drawn to the relevancy of brain science to examples of injustices and social bias. Lewis also argues that incorporating non-western African-Centered Psychology is vital to diversifying research questions and diversifying interpretations of existing brain science, because African-Centered Psychology is not rooted in racist, classist, and exclusionary hegemonic methods. Lewis argues for attention to marginalized populations, regarding the impact of violence, disrespect, othering, slurs, environmental injustice, health, and general disregard on humans' brains and behavior. Using hundreds of peer-reviewed studies and original research, the author presents scientific studies that are integrated with sociocultural explanations to foster wider understanding of how our sociocultural world shapes our brains, and how our brains' responses influence how humans perceive and treat one another.
In this book, an international group of leading scientists present
perspectives on the control of human behavior, awareness,
consciousness, and the meaning and function of perceived control or
self-efficacy in people's lives. The book breaks down the barriers
between subdisciplines, and thus constitutes an occasion to reflect
on various facets of control in human life. Each expert reviews his
or her field through the lens of perceived control and shows how
these insights can be applied in practice.
A dramatic shift in the average age of the U.S. population and the
increasing number of elderly Americans has introduced new and
challenging healthcare dilemmas. This book addresses these issues
with contributed chapters by the leading authorities in the field
of behavioral medicine. It deals with health and healthcare needs
of the elderly by considering basic changes that result from aging
and some of the more specific problems that accompany it. |
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