Originally published in 1982, this book provides rich evidence of the relevance of the temporal aspects of behavior. The generalized areas of learning, memory, operant scheduled behavior, task performance, vigilance, mood and motivation and their rhythmic components are explored in varying detail. The particularized measures range from on-the-job errors, through reading efficiency to milliseconds of change in reaction time in the laboratory. The subjects range from ants to older persons. Across this range of settings, subjects, and behaviors, the message is clear: there is an interaction between time and behavior.

Behavior modification has lacked operational procedures to sharpen techniques and equipment. These aspects have lagged behind the development of general principles and specialized modification techniques. This sophisticated sourcebook is devoted exclusively to the technical details of "how-to-do-it" in behavioral assessment and practice--an aspect of behavior modification that is relatively undeveloped despite its significance and that has only recently received the attention it deserves.

The selections contained in this volume have been drawn from a variety of technical areas and are organized into six main parts. The first part emphasizes the importance of technology and procedure in the history of the field, and in the second part attention is given to guidelines for practice with individuals and families that may be employed with a wide variety of problems and patrons in many service settings. The next part, on interviewing guidelines and style, includes an interview guide for behavioral counseling and a general discussion of types of bias and therapist influence in behavioral assessment. Part four is concerned with observation, recording, and monitoring; and part five, on schedules and checklists, includes a variety of schedules and rating forms, including a therapist schedule for rating family verbal behavior. The last part, on instrumentation in behavior therapy, contains a chapter that is a major, comprehensive description and review of electromechanical devices applicable to behavior modification.

Because the book covers procedural details, it serves not only as a sourcebook but as a volume every practicing behavior modifier, as well as researchers in behavior therapy and modification will find useful. Social workers, teachers, clinical psychologists, psychiatrists, pastoral counselors, and their students will appreciate this manual covering technical information required for effective practice.

Advances in Intergroup Communication is a timely contribution to the field. It reflects developments in older, more established intergroup settings (e.g., gender, sexual orientation, organizations) whilst introducing newer studies such as the military and political parties. It also pays attention to emerging trends in new media and social networks and considers the developing field of neuroscience of communication. The volume brings together authors from different geographical areas (North America, Europe, and Australia) and from different disciplines (particularly communication, linguistics, and psychology). Contributions are organized around five themes, corresponding to the five sections of the book: defining features and constraints; tools of intergroup communication; social groups in their context; intergroup communication in organizations; and future directions.

This book comprises, in one compact volume, cutting-edge research in behavioral economics and economic psychology, published mainly during the past five years. The judicious selection of articles examines the subject from a variety of perspectives and includes papers on the historical origins and methodologies of behavioral economics; rational choice in childhood; behavioral aspects of saving, risk and investment; effort, pay and poverty; seeking happiness; and social norms and culture. The editor has written an original introduction which illuminates and complements his choice. The book will be of interest to all who teach and research behavioural economics, as well as those who wish to learn about this growing discipline.

This book is about micro-politics: that kind of manoevre to control or avoid being controlled, to claim friendship or proclaim enmity, which takes place between people who know one another, and who must temper and adjust their actions towards one another because they share other activities. They are members of the one community and of the same organization, and this not only moderates their actions but also provides them with themes for use in the political arena.

These justificatory themes and the irresolvable contradictions between them, and what is to be done when decisions cannot be made through rational procedures, is one subject of the book. The setting is the university world of committees and dons and administrators, but the inquiry is into general questions about organizational life. How are value contradictions resolved? Why are some matters discussed openly and others only before restricted audiences? Could we dispense with confidentiality and secrecy? What masks are used to make a person or a point of view persuasive?

It is impossible and therefore wholly unwise to try to attempt to run such organizations in a wholly open and wholly rational fashion: without an appropriate measure of pretence and secrecy, even of hypocrisy, they cannot be made to work. At a basic level organizations require secrecy and confidentiality to run effectively.

"F. G. Bailey" is professor emeritus in the department of Anthropology at the University of California, San Diego. He has written fifteen books and he was the recipient of the Academic Senate Career Distinguished Teaching Award.

This book presents research on the determinants of workers' health (physical and mental well-being) and the organization's health (performance and culture). It addresses the impact of psychosocial working conditions on workers' well-being, and their performance, productivity, innovation, and morale at work. Discusses how to manage workers to enable them to be engaged and creative Raises employee awareness on how to maintain good physical and mental health at work Covers how to work beyond retirement age Presents how to design a work environment that prevents counterproductive behaviors Covers work-life balance and how it can affect work This book is aimed at professionals, postgraduate students, scientists, and practitioners in the fields of work and health psychology, management, occupational health and safety, and human resource management.

Although aggressive behavior and its consequences has been a topic of concern for centuries, it is only within the recent past that serious attempts to understand aggression have been made. Within the last decade concern has expanded at a very high rate, perhaps impelled by an increase in aggression or the implication of an increase by frequent media reports of aggressive behavior. This apparent increased concern is matched by an increase in research.
This volume brings together for the first time the diverse research strategies that reflect current major approaches to understanding the psychology of aggression. It deals with both basic laboratory research and the implications of such research for clinical work. Each chapter is designed to provide a databased analysis of aggressive behavior and an explanation of the research tactics used to obtain such data.
Included in the book are a review of physiological variables in aggression; an assessment of neonatal variables in a developmental analysis of aggression; an examination of genetics and aggression; research on the Pain-Aggression hypothesis in human and non-human subjects; and an exposition of a social learning model of aggression. Theses analyses are significantly amplified by a moment-by-moment sequential analysis of the behavior of aggressive children, and by an examination of the role of semantic conditioning in the ontogeny of human aggressive repertoires. The final chapter (written by the editor) examines recurring problems in aggression research in general and considers points of consensus among the contributors to the volume.

"Control of Aggression" will interest clinical psychologists and the full spectrum of other scientists engaged in research on the subject, including behavioral pharmacologists and biologists, geneticists, physiological and social psychologists, and sociologists.

"John F. Knutson" is currently professor of psychology at the University of Iowa. He is the associate editor of the journal "Aggressive Behavior." He is a fellow of the American Psychological Association, the International Society for Research on Aggression, the American Psychological Society, and the Association for the Advancement of Applied and Preventive Psychology. He is author, co-author, editor, or co-editor of over fifty books.

A challenge, a mission, a hope for a better life for all in an embattled country. This was the author's vision in The Other's Other. The challenge turned out to be greater and different than imagined; the mission more exasperating; the hope, more complicated. The book offers a new perspective on the problematic encounter between Jewish and Arab Israelis through the experience of a Jewish lecturer at an Arab college in an Arab city in Israel. The author's unique insights into Arab Israeli culture gleaned from conversations with staff and students, students' work, and everyday contact offer a window on the often conflicting feelings; the ambiguities, ambivalent identities, and layers of reality; the questions, doubts and dilemmas that mark the struggle of Arabs and Jews living in one country. It is also a meditation on the rewards and difficulties of discovering and accepting the other - and oneself as the other's other. Of coexistence.

Ivan P. Pavlov was a pioneering Russian physiologist whose influence on Russian psychology was politically emphasized in 1930s to 1950s. He was a brilliant experimenter who received 1904 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine for his work on the digestive system. Less is known about his epistemology of generalization that made it possible to study one individual for the sake of obtaining generalized knowledge. In this volume we analyze the major contributions of Pavlov from the standpoint of idiographic science, and demonstrate how generalizations in science are possible from single specimens.

Much turmoil surrounds the devastating phenomenon of autism. Theories about its causes and analyses of its symptoms vary so widely that the contradictions seem irreconcilable. In The Riddle of Autism, Dr. George Victor provides an integrating perspective that is needed by researchers, clinicians, teachers, and others who work with autistic children. Divided into three sections - 'The Mystery, ' 'The Unfolding of a Pattern, ' 'Pieces of the Puzzle' - Dr. Victor examines the myths that cloud an understanding of this disorder, explores developmental contributions to it, as well as describes and probes the meanings of its specific behavioral symptom

The origins of knowledge about the self is arguably the most fundamental problem of psychology. It is a classic theme that has preoccupied great psychologists, beginning with William James and Freud. On reading current literature, today's developmental psychologists and ethologists are clearly expressing a renewed interest in the topic. Furthermore, recent progress in the study of infant and animal behavior, provides important and genuinely new insights regarding the origins of self-knowledge.

This book is a collection of current theoretical views and research on the self in early infancy, prior to self-identification and the well-documented emergence of mirror self-recognition. The focus is on the early sense of self of the young infant. Its aim is to provide an account of recent research substantiating the precursors of self-recognition and self-identification. By concentrating on early infancy, the book provides an updated look at the origins of self-knowledge.

This is the first volume to integrate neuropsychology and behavior therapy into a comprehensive, cohesive assessment and treatment methodology. Of particular value is a discussion of how to integrate multiple sources of information and criteria for selecting treatment techniques. The work will appeal to a wide audience including neuropsychologists, neurologists, psychiatrists, clinical psychologists, and special educators.

Research Paradigms, Television, Social Behavior is a unique book that is designed to provide an understanding of television research from both the quantitative and qualitative perspectives. The volume provides a systematic analysis of the various research paradigms used in the study of television, and focuses on the integration of quantitative and qualitative methodologies as a means for understanding the complexities associated with this medium. The book is useful for both undergraduate and graduate students because it presents information in a straightforward and engaging style, as well as provides concrete step-by-step examples of how to conduct major research and evaluation projects involving this medium. The book is also important for seasoned scholars and researchers, as well as professionals in the media industry.

This long-awaited and ground-breaking book from cognitive scientist John Morton helps to clarify the nature of developmental disorders. It challenges the basis of standard behaviourally based diagnostic practice, showing how the role of biology and cognition is crucial to understanding the underlying nature of these disorders. It also sets out a clear method for assessing and comparing the many alternative theories.

An understanding of developmental disorders depends on being able to address the issue of cause and on making the link between disorder and normal process. These were the driving forces behind the emergence of the causal modelling methodology at the Cognitive Development Unit in London by the author and his colleague Uta Frith. John Morton elucidates this method and uses it ruthlessly to compare different theories of particular developmental disorders and to pinpoint their weaknesses. The result is a book that will have a profound impact on research and thinking in the fields of psychology, neuroscience and medicine.

BEHAVIOR MODIFICATION: PRINCIPLES AND PROCEDURES, Sixth Edition, uses a precise, step-by-step, scientific approach to explain human behavior. Case studies and examples illustrate key principles.

Some of the most intriguing issues in the study of cognitive, social, emotional, and physical development arise in the debate over nature versus nurture; a debate difficult to resolve because it is difficult to separate the respective contributions of genes and environment to development.

The most powerful approach to this separation is through longitudinal adoption studies. The Colorado Adoption Project (CAP) is the only longitudinal adoption study in existence examining development continuously from birth to adolescence, which makes it a unique, powerful, and tremendously valuable resource. CAP is an ongoing assessment of 245 adopted children and 245 biological control children assessed from birth to early adolescence.

This book is the fourth in a series describing CAP results. This latest volume, edited by four eminent researchers in developmental psychology, builds on the large body of research already generated by investigating the role of genes and environments on early adolescent development.

Behavioural Economics is a relatively new school of economic thought and can encompass a number of strands such as 'new institutional/transaction cost economics', economic psychology and psychological economics, consumer behaviour and decision theory. The papers presented here reveal something of the development, philosophy and range of applicability of behavioural economics.

This first interdisciplinary review on how climate affects human behavior provides an introductory framework for research in the field, surveys climatic data around the world, and covers over 3,000 sources. The bibliography is organized topically into chapters dealing with physiological, psychological, sociological, and economic effects of climate on people. The bibliography identifies important sources relating to acclimation, allergies, diet, diseases, affective disorders, aggression, personality, mental illnesses, accidents and injuries, crime, fertility, mortality, migration, suicide, consumer and industrial behavior, macroeconomic policy, and methodologies. A detailed author, subject, and country and regional index make this careful review easily accessible for varied use by students, teachers, researchers, policymakers, and business persons or managers.

First published as Counselling Individuals: A Rational-Emotive Approach, this book is a clear and systematic guide to using rational-emotive therapy ? RET ? in counselling individuals.

Dr Saugstad's dominant interest was in the area of thinking. Many psychologists would have been familiar with his published work in this field at the time. To gain a clearer understanding of the thought processes, he carried out extensive studies of perception. First published in 1965, this book originated in an attempt to reconcile a phenomenological and a behavioristic approach to psychology. Basic assumptions in phenomenology, behavioristics and psychophysics are examined. It is shown that in phenomenology theoretical concepts tend to be treated as observations, whereas in behavioristics observations tend to be treated as theoretical concepts. It is pointed out that the relationship between observer and observed event is confused throughout the history of psychology. This confusion, the author insists, is due to the fact that man's cognitive processes are to a large extent unknown. In relating observations to each other, the psychologist will of necessity contaminate his observations unless he follows specific rules. This fundamental point had apparently not been previously realized by psychologists. In order to develop an adequate conception of scientific psychology, the nature of man's cognitive processes must be taken into account. When this is done, one sees that drastic revisions of current conceptions of psychology are necessary. This book presents a conception of psychology which does take into account man's cognitive processes.

The ability to learn is of crucial importance in human life, but understanding this ability has proved to be difficult. There have been many attempts to formulate scientific theories based on both animal experiments and human experience; and these have been applied to education and the treatment of psychological disturbance, with a certain amount of success. Originally published in 1984, this incisive guide to the research and its outcomes provides the background to one of the most debated topics in psychology today. Learning Theory and Behaviour Modification introduces the work of major figures, such as Pavlov and Skinner, which has strongly influenced theories in educational and clinical psychology, and formed the basis of the techniques known as 'behaviour modification'. As well as giving examples of these techniques the author relates new ideas about the scope and limits of behaviour modification to recent changes in the views of learning theorists. How much can experiments on animals tell us about human psychology?

Klein's model of projective and introjective processes and Bion's model of the relationship between container and contained have become increasingly significant in clinical work. In a highly imaginative development of these models of thought, the distinguished clinician Gianna Williams, one of the leading figures in the field, elucidates the psy

Understanding Behaviorism is a classic textbook that explains the basis of behavior analysis and its application to human problems in a scholarly but accessible manner. * Now in its third edition, the text has been substantially updated to include the latest developments over the last decade in behaviour analysis, evolutionary theory, and cultural evolution theory * The only book available that explains behavior analysis and applies it to philosophical and practical problems, written by one of today s best-known and most highly respected behaviorists * Explores ancient concepts such as purpose, language, knowledge, and thought, as well as applying behavioural thinking to contemporary social issues like freedom, democracy, and culture * Part of the new evolutionary perspective for understanding individual behavior in general and culture in particular culminates with practical approaches to improving the lives of all humanity

Understanding visual perceptual organization remains a challenge for vision science. Perceptual Organization in Vision: Behavioral and Neural Perspectives explores ideas emanating from behavioral, developmental, neuropsychological, neurophysiological, and computational approaches to the problem of perceptual organization. The growing body of research on perceptual organization has converged on a number of critical issues, most of which are addressed in this volume. These include issues concerning the nature and order of organizational processes, the stimulus factors that engage the mechanisms of organization, the developmental stage at which the mechanisms of organization are available, the role of past experience and learning in organization, the neural mechanisms underlying perceptual organization, and the relations between perceptual organization and other cognitive processes, in particular, object recognition and visual attention. Divided into four parts, the book is designed not only to detail the current state of the art in the field but also to promote an interdisciplinary approach to the study of perceptual organization. Part I presents an overview of the problem of perceptual organization, different frameworks for understanding perceptual organization, and a state-of-the-art summary of the domain. Part II details which organizational processes are hardwired in the perceptual system, which are acquired through experience, and how object perception relates to other aspects of cognition. Part III describes various attempts to understand the neural mechanisms underlying perceptual organization using two different approaches--neurophysiological and neuropsychological. Part IV offers a computational approach to the problem. This book is intended for cognitive psychologists, neuroscientists, computational vision scientists, and developmental psychologists.

This is the first book devoted to group therapy applications of Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT). REBT is an active--directive, psychoeducational approach to psychotherapy and as such it is very well suited to being practised with groups. This book shows the range of these applications from regular group therapy to specialised group interventions such as nine hour intensives and Albert Ellis's famous A"Friday Night Workshop.A" Also featured are chapters on a brief, group--based, structured educational approach to teaching unconditional self--acceptance using REBT and the use of the group in training and supervising REBT therapists in training.