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Books > Social sciences > Psychology > Philosophy & theory of psychology > Behavioural theory (Behaviourism)
Globalization has accelerated the process of social, political, cultural, and especially economic transformations since the 1990s. In recent decades, this has cast doubt over the validity and reliability of many working assumptions about the nature and logic of progress in modern societies, at all levels of social structure and complexity. In The Challenge of Progress, editor Harry F. Dahms and a series of contributors explore how this doubt has been magnified, looking at how the institutions and constellations between business, labor and government have begun to weaken. The essays included in this volume examine the foundations, nature and contradictions of progress in the modern era. Anchored by - but not exclusively focused on - a debate of Amy Allen's recent book, The End of Progress: Decolonizing the Normative Foundations of Critical Theory (2016), the eleven essays identify, analyse and confront the challenges of progress, looking across social class, philosophy, history and culture in their analyses. For researchers and students across social theory, this is an unmissable volume confronting the present and future of our societies. Examining the choices of modern society, Dahms and contributors ask: what are the social costs of "progress"?
"Advances in Child Development and Behaviour" is intended to ease the task faced by researchers, instructors, and students who are confronted by the vast amount of research and theoretical discussion in child development and behaviour. The serial provides scholarly technical articles and a place for the publication of scholarly speculation. In these documented critical reviews, recent advances in the field are summarized and integrated, complexities are exposed, and fresh viewpoints are offered. The serial should be useful to experts in the area as well as graduate students. Each volume of "Advances in Child Development and Behaviour" contains an index, and each chapter includes references.
Starting with the premise that American Indians have been colonized, Home outlines the dangers of colonial mimicry. She proposes a theory of subversive mimicry through which writers can use the language of the colonial power to subvert it and inscribe diverse First Nations voices. Drawing on select works by Thomas King, Beatrice Culleton, Ruby Slipperjack, Jeannette Armstrong, Lee Maracle, and Tomson Highway, the study also elucidates decolonizing strategies with which readers can collaborate.
Blocking out, turning a blind eye, shutting off, not wanting to
know, wearing blinkers, seeing what we want to see ... these are
all expressions of 'denial'. Alcoholics who refuse to recognize
their condition, people who brush aside suspicions of their
partner's infidelity, the wife who doesn't notice that her husband
is abusing their daughter - are supposedly 'in denial'. Governments
deny their responsibility for atrocities, and plan them to achieve
'maximum deniability'. Truth Commissions try to overcome the
suppression and denial of past horrors. Bystander nations deny
their responsibility to intervene. Do these phenomena have anything in common? When we deny, are we
aware of what we are doing or is this an unconscious defence
mechanism to protect us from unwelcome truths? Can there be
cultures of denial? How do organizations like Amnesty and Oxfam try
to overcome the public's apparent indifference to distant suffering
and cruelty? Is denial always so bad - or do we need positive
illusions to retain our sanity? "States of Denial" is the first comprehensive study of both the personal and political ways in which uncomfortable realities are avoided and evaded. It ranges from clinical studies of depression, to media images of suffering, to explanations of the 'passive bystander' and 'compassion fatigue'. The book shows how organized atrocities - the Holocaust and other genocides, torture, and political massacres - are denied by perpetrators and by bystanders, those who stand by and do nothing.
This book provides an alternative method for measuring individual
differences in psychological, educational, and other behavioral
sciences studies. It is based on the assumptions of ordinal
statistics as explained in Norman Cliff's 1996 "Ordinal Methods for
Behavioral Data Analysis." It provides the necessary background on
ordinal measurement to permit its use to assess psychological and
psychophysical tests and scales and interpret the data obtained.
The authors believe that some of the behavioral measurement models
used today do not fit the data or are inherently
self-contradictory. Applications of these models can therefore lead
to unwarranted inferences regarding the status of the derived
variables. These methods can also be difficult to apply,
particularly in small-sample contexts without making additional,
unrealistic assumptions. Ordinal methods more closely reflect the
original data, are simple to apply, and can be used in samples of
any size. The book's approach is in essence a return to simple
empiricism in psychological measurement.
"Sure to spark controversy." The most important book on the psychology of women in this
century. Reading this book is both a personal and intellectual
journey. "Loving to Survive" is an illumination both of abused
women and every woman's experience. Dee Graham clearly illuminates the connections between Stockholm
Syndrome, the production of feminine behaviors, and the entire
concept of heterosexuality. Her conclusions are frightening,
breathtaking, and extremely provocative. This book is compelling
reading for any feminist intellectual or activist, any female
victim of violence who is searching for meaning in her own
behavior, and all workers in the area of violence against
women. It is a great puzzle why so many women say they are not
feminist, why so many maintain loyalty to men of their own class
and race rather than women of other classes and races not to
mention women of their own class and race, why so many women don't
feel oppressed. Dee Graham's impressive scholarship brings us back
to a basic element of women's material condition: we live in a
society in which men are violent and consider the use of violence
an appropriate means of dealing with difference. Sure to become a
classic, "Loving to Survive" is a fascinating compendium of studies
with a long over- due analysis explaining the persistence of
femininity, heterosexuality, and women's love of men. ""Loving to Survive" may be the most controversial--and
mostimportant--book written during the past two decades. In
asserting their theory, the authors ask readers to re-consider
virtually all that has been deemed true' about relationships
between men and women. Such a dramatic paradigm shift will
challenge most readers. Whether the reader likes or dislikes this
book, one thing seems certain: it will generate dialogue that will
surely engage people both intellectually and emotionally." Women who don't see any way to escape from an abusive man may
become psychologically linked to their abusers much like victims
held hostage by terrorists. According to Dee Graham, who has
surveyed hundreds of abused women, such women fear that if they
resist or try to escape, their partners might kill them. To avoid
further abuse, they try to please their abusers, start to see
themselves through their abusers' eyes, and begin to feel they
deserve abuse. Have you wondered: Why women are more sympathetic than men toward O. J. Simpson? Why women were no more supportive of the Equal Rights Amendment than men? Why women are no more likely than men to support a female political candidate? Why women are no more likely than men to embrace feminism--a movement by, about, and for women? Why some women stay with men who abuse them? "Loving to Survive" addresses just these issues and poses a surprising answer. Likening women's situation to that of hostages, Dee L. R. Graham and her co- authors argue that women bond with men and adopt men's perspective in an effort to escape the threat of men's violence against them. Dee Graham'sannouncement, in 1991, of her research on male-female bonding was immediately followed by a national firestorm of media interest. Her startling and provocative conclusion was covered in dozens of national newspapers and heatedly debated. In "Loving to Survive," Graham provides us with a complete account of her remarkable insights into relationships between men and women. In 1973, three women and one man were held hostage in one of the largest banks in Stockholm by two ex-convicts. These two men threatened their lives, but also showed them kindness. Over the course of the long ordeal, the hostages came to identify with their captors, developing an emotional bond with them. They began to perceive the police, their prospective liberators, as their enemies, and their captors as their friends, as a source of security. This seemingly bizarre reaction to captivity, in which the hostages and captors mutually bond to one another, has been documented in other cases as well, and has become widely known as Stockholm Syndrome. The authors of this book take this syndrome as their starting point to develop a new way of looking at male-female relationships. "Loving to Survive" considers men's violence against women as crucial to understanding women's current psychology. Men's violence creates ever-present, and therefore often unrecognized, terror in women. This terror is often experienced as a fear for any woman of rape by any man or as a fear of making any man angry. They propose that women's current psychology is actually a psychology of women under conditions of captivitythat is, under conditions of terror caused by male violence against women. Therefore, women's responses to men, and to maleviolence, resemble hostages' responses to captors. "Loving to Survive" explores women's bonding to men as it relates to men's violence against women. It proposes that, like hostages who work to placate their captors lest they kill them, women work to please men, and from this springs women's femininity. Femininity describes a set of behaviors that please men because they communicate a woman's acceptance of her subordinate status. Thus, feminine behaviors are, in essence, survival strategies. Like hostages who bond to their captors, women bond to men in an effort to survive. This is a book that will forever change the way we look at male-female relationships and women's lives.
The International Journal of Psychoanalysis Key Papers Series brings together the most important psychoanalytic papers in the journal's eighty-year history in a series of accessible monographs. Approaching the IJP's intellectual resources from a variety of perspectives, the monographs highlight important domains of psychoanalytic enquiry.
This book explains psychological, sociopolitical and organisational change in multidisciplinary settings. It shows how advanced techniques of contextual analysis can be applied to complex situations and offers a new cybernetic agency paradigm based on living systems theory. It models, diagnoses, and analyses complex, realworld situations to anticipate patterns of behaviour.
Since its publication in 1949, D.O. Hebb's, "The Organization of
Behavior" has been one of the most influential books in the fields
of psychology and neuroscience. However, the original edition has
been unavailable since 1966, ensuring that Hebb's comment that a
classic normally means "cited but not read" is true in his case.
This new edition rectifies a long-standing problem for behavioral
neuroscientists--the inability to obtain one of the most cited
publications in the field.
This volume highlights state-of-the-art research on motivated
social perception by the leaders in the field. Recently a number of
researchers developed influential accounts of how motivation
affects social perception. Unfortunately, this work was developed
without extensive contact between the researchers, and therefore
evolved into two distinct traditions. The first tradition shows
that the motivation to maintain a positive self-concept and to
define oneself in the social world can dramatically affect people's
social perception. The second one shows that people's goals have a
dramatic effect on how they see themselves and others. "Motivated
Social Perception" shows how these two approaches often overlap and
provides insights into how these two perspectives are integrated.
This book examines how individuals behave across time and to what degree that behavior changes, fluctuates, or remains stable. It features the most current methods on modeling repeated measures data as reported by a distinguished group of experts in the field. The goal is to make the latest techniques used to assess intraindividual variability accessible to a wide range of researchers. Each chapter is written in a "user-friendly" style such that even the "novice" data analyst can easily apply the techniques. Each chapter features:
Content highlights include analysis of mixed, multi-level, structural equation, and categorical data models. It is ideal for researchers, professionals, and students working with repeated measures data from the social and behavioral sciences, business, or biological sciences.
In this book, an international group of leading scientists present
perspectives on the control of human behavior, awareness,
consciousness, and the meaning and function of perceived control or
self-efficacy in people's lives. The book breaks down the barriers
between subdisciplines, and thus constitutes an occasion to reflect
on various facets of control in human life. Each expert reviews his
or her field through the lens of perceived control and shows how
these insights can be applied in practice.
A dramatic shift in the average age of the U.S. population and the
increasing number of elderly Americans has introduced new and
challenging healthcare dilemmas. This book addresses these issues
with contributed chapters by the leading authorities in the field
of behavioral medicine. It deals with health and healthcare needs
of the elderly by considering basic changes that result from aging
and some of the more specific problems that accompany it.
A comprehensive resource for analyzing a variety of categorical
data, this book emphasizes the application of many recent advances
of longitudinal categorical statistical methods. Each chapter
provides basic methodology, helpful applications, examples using
data from all fields of the social sciences, computer tutorials,
and exercises. Written for social scientists and students, no
advanced mathematical training is required. Step-by-step command
files are given for both the CDAS and the SPSS software
programs.
In laboratory research, the process of conditioning is traditionally initiated with a single intermittent stimulus (such as a tone or flash of light). This is true of both classical and instrumental research. Because of its role in evoking conditioned behavior, the use of an intermittent stimulus has become an indispensable part of laboratory research on conditioned behavior. The question arises whether the same scheme of conditioning may be applied to behaviors occurring in real life. In Conditioning, Wanda Wyrwicka analyzes evidence of the influence of situations on behavior in laboratory studies. She looks at cases in which the subject's reaction was dependent on complex situations rather than a single stimulus. Wyrwicka suggests that beyond external situations there exists internal factors located in the brain that consist of previous and present experiences that may influence behavior. In Chapter 1, Wyrwicka summarizes Ivan Pavlov's concept of the conditioned reflex using intermittent stimuli. Chapter 2 deals with the mechanisms of motor conditioned behavior and the results of instrumental conditioning studies. Chapter 3 covers the phenomenon called "switching," which is the appearance of a conditioned reaction different than the original conditioned stimulus. In Chapter 4, Wyrwicka describes various studies in which situation becomes a potent factor in conditioned reactions. Chapter 5 describes research pertaining to defensive and alimentary behaviors. Chapter 6 analyzes three examples of complex conditioning: detour, feeding, and presleep behaviors. Chapters 7 and 8 focus on the functions of various internal organs, and the conditioning of electrical brain activity leading to inhibition of epileptic seizures. In her concluding chapter, Wyrwicka discusses theoretically the data mentioned previously. Conditioning opens up rich possibilities for continued exploration. This revealing work will interest scientists specializing in behavioral sciences, psychologists, neuroscientists, educators, as well as students of biology.
Obtaining accurate information about behaviors, symptoms, and experiences is critical in many areas of behavioral and biomedical research and in clinical practice. Rigorous methodological techniques have been developed in the last decade to improve the reliability and accuracy of these self reports from research volunteers and patients about their pain, mood, substance abuse history, or dietary habits. This book presents cutting-edge research on optimal methods for obtaining self-reported information for use in the evaluation of scientific hypothesis, in therapeutic interventions, and in the development of prognostic indicators. ALTERNATE BLURB: Self-reports constitute critically important data for research and practice in many fields. As the chapters in this volume document, psychological and social processes influence the storage and recall of self-report information. There are conditions under which self-reports should be readily accepted by the clinician or researcher, and other conditions where healthy scepticism is required. The chapters demonstrate methods for improving the accuracy of self-reports, ranging from fine-tuning interviews and questionnaires to employing emerging technologies to collect data in ways that minimize bias and encourage accurate reporting. Representing a diverse group of disciplines including sociology, law, psychology, and medicine, the distinguished authors offer crucial food for thought to all those whose work depends on the accurate self-reports of others.
This volume addresses topics related to the nature of the stress
response, the role of environment in individual differences in
stress, and the different strategies used for coping with stressful
events. The chapters present theoretical and empirical work focused
on a wide range of issues related to stress, soothing, and coping.
Authored by recognized authorities with innovative research
programs in the field, this volume addresses topics from diverse
perspectives in child development, clinical psychology, pediatrics,
psychophysiology, and psychobiology. Adaptive and maladaptive
outcomes of stress and coping are addressed in various pediatric,
medical, and clinical populations. This book also covers recent
research on the effects of both prenatal and postnatal stress on
subsequent coping, stress reactivity, and socioemotional
functioning in the human and nonhuman primate. With this diversity
of papers, this volume should be of special value to child
development professionals with interests in behavioral and
physiological approaches to temperament, emotional expression, and
emotional regulation; to those interested in mother-child
interaction; and to researchers and clinicians in many different
disciplines.
This volume addresses topics related to the nature of the stress
response, the role of environment in individual differences in
stress, and the different strategies used for coping with stressful
events. The chapters present theoretical and empirical work focused
on a wide range of issues related to stress, soothing, and coping.
Authored by recognized authorities with innovative research
programs in the field, this volume addresses topics from diverse
perspectives in child development, clinical psychology, pediatrics,
psychophysiology, and psychobiology. Adaptive and maladaptive
outcomes of stress and coping are addressed in various pediatric,
medical, and clinical populations. This book also covers recent
research on the effects of both prenatal and postnatal stress on
subsequent coping, stress reactivity, and socioemotional
functioning in the human and nonhuman primate. With this diversity
of papers, this volume should be of special value to child
development professionals with interests in behavioral and
physiological approaches to temperament, emotional expression, and
emotional regulation; to those interested in mother-child
interaction; and to researchers and clinicians in many different
disciplines. |
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