A dramatic shift in the average age of the U.S. population and the increasing number of elderly Americans has introduced new and challenging healthcare dilemmas. This book addresses these issues with contributed chapters by the leading authorities in the field of behavioral medicine. It deals with health and healthcare needs of the elderly by considering basic changes that result from aging and some of the more specific problems that accompany it.
Content highlights include a review of the basic tenets of genetics and molecular biology including some of the methods of looking at heritable differences in health and well-being. Quality of life concerns are addressed, including the differences between men and women, as well as other gender issues. Several chapters deal with the effects of aging on immunity. The latter part of the book emphasizes the psychosocial implications of aging on cardiovascular disease. Chronic illness among the elderly is also addressed.

Do you know what makes boys tick? In recent years suicide has drastically escalated among young males and academic underachievement is common, so it is of vital importance that our understanding of the young male psyche is well informed and not merely 'received wisdom'. John Head gets to the heart - and mind - of the matter, by tackling difficult, pertinent questions. Has male behaviour in school worsened, or has media hype inflated the proportions of a 'good story'? What is at the root of male violence? Are biological or social explanations telling the whole story? Head shows that it is only by engaging boys in new arenas of thought and feeling that we can hope to understand and help overcome the difficulties faced by boys today.
Essential reading for teachers, headteachers, researchers in education, gender, youth, community and social workers.

In laboratory research, the process of conditioning is traditionally initiated with a single intermittent stimulus (such as a tone or flash of light). This is true of both classical and instrumental research. Because of its role in evoking conditioned behavior, the use of an intermittent stimulus has become an indispensable part of laboratory research on conditioned behavior. The question arises whether the same scheme of conditioning may be applied to behaviors occurring in real life.

In Conditioning, Wanda Wyrwicka analyzes evidence of the influence of situations on behavior in laboratory studies. She looks at cases in which the subject's reaction was dependent on complex situations rather than a single stimulus. Wyrwicka suggests that beyond external situations there exists internal factors located in the brain that consist of previous and present experiences that may influence behavior. In Chapter 1, Wyrwicka summarizes Ivan Pavlov's concept of the conditioned reflex using intermittent stimuli. Chapter 2 deals with the mechanisms of motor conditioned behavior and the results of instrumental conditioning studies. Chapter 3 covers the phenomenon called "switching," which is the appearance of a conditioned reaction different than the original conditioned stimulus. In Chapter 4, Wyrwicka describes various studies in which situation becomes a potent factor in conditioned reactions. Chapter 5 describes research pertaining to defensive and alimentary behaviors. Chapter 6 analyzes three examples of complex conditioning: detour, feeding, and presleep behaviors. Chapters 7 and 8 focus on the functions of various internal organs, and the conditioning of electrical brain activity leading to inhibition of epileptic seizures. In her concluding chapter, Wyrwicka discusses theoretically the data mentioned previously.

Conditioning opens up rich possibilities for continued exploration. This revealing work will interest scientists specializing in behavioral sciences, psychologists, neuroscientists, educators, as well as students of biology.

A comprehensive resource for analyzing a variety of categorical data, this book emphasizes the application of many recent advances of longitudinal categorical statistical methods. Each chapter provides basic methodology, helpful applications, examples using data from all fields of the social sciences, computer tutorials, and exercises. Written for social scientists and students, no advanced mathematical training is required. Step-by-step command files are given for both the CDAS and the SPSS software programs.

Obtaining accurate information about behaviors, symptoms, and experiences is critical in many areas of behavioral and biomedical research and in clinical practice. Rigorous methodological techniques have been developed in the last decade to improve the reliability and accuracy of these self reports from research volunteers and patients about their pain, mood, substance abuse history, or dietary habits. This book presents cutting-edge research on optimal methods for obtaining self-reported information for use in the evaluation of scientific hypothesis, in therapeutic interventions, and in the development of prognostic indicators. ALTERNATE BLURB: Self-reports constitute critically important data for research and practice in many fields. As the chapters in this volume document, psychological and social processes influence the storage and recall of self-report information. There are conditions under which self-reports should be readily accepted by the clinician or researcher, and other conditions where healthy scepticism is required. The chapters demonstrate methods for improving the accuracy of self-reports, ranging from fine-tuning interviews and questionnaires to employing emerging technologies to collect data in ways that minimize bias and encourage accurate reporting. Representing a diverse group of disciplines including sociology, law, psychology, and medicine, the distinguished authors offer crucial food for thought to all those whose work depends on the accurate self-reports of others.

How we perceive ourselves and others and how this can influence our behaviour. Includes stereotyping and prejudice, obedience and conformity.

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This volume addresses topics related to the nature of the stress response, the role of environment in individual differences in stress, and the different strategies used for coping with stressful events. The chapters present theoretical and empirical work focused on a wide range of issues related to stress, soothing, and coping. Authored by recognized authorities with innovative research programs in the field, this volume addresses topics from diverse perspectives in child development, clinical psychology, pediatrics, psychophysiology, and psychobiology. Adaptive and maladaptive outcomes of stress and coping are addressed in various pediatric, medical, and clinical populations. This book also covers recent research on the effects of both prenatal and postnatal stress on subsequent coping, stress reactivity, and socioemotional functioning in the human and nonhuman primate. With this diversity of papers, this volume should be of special value to child development professionals with interests in behavioral and physiological approaches to temperament, emotional expression, and emotional regulation; to those interested in mother-child interaction; and to researchers and clinicians in many different disciplines.

This volume addresses topics related to the nature of the stress response, the role of environment in individual differences in stress, and the different strategies used for coping with stressful events. The chapters present theoretical and empirical work focused on a wide range of issues related to stress, soothing, and coping. Authored by recognized authorities with innovative research programs in the field, this volume addresses topics from diverse perspectives in child development, clinical psychology, pediatrics, psychophysiology, and psychobiology. Adaptive and maladaptive outcomes of stress and coping are addressed in various pediatric, medical, and clinical populations. This book also covers recent research on the effects of both prenatal and postnatal stress on subsequent coping, stress reactivity, and socioemotional functioning in the human and nonhuman primate. With this diversity of papers, this volume should be of special value to child development professionals with interests in behavioral and physiological approaches to temperament, emotional expression, and emotional regulation; to those interested in mother-child interaction; and to researchers and clinicians in many different disciplines.

Drugs of Abuse and Addiction: Neurobehavioral Toxicology examines drugs of abuse and addiction and how they affect behavior. This book considers the entire range of addiction research in humans and animals, using a multidisciplinary approach to discuss all areas of the neuro- and behavioral sciences involved. Emphasis is on acute and chronic effects; reversible and irreversible consequences, functional disorders of the nervous system; neurobehavioral dysfunctions; and the multi-sided aspects of adddiction and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms.

Introduction to Neurobehavioral Toxicology: Food and Environment examines the effects of chemicals on the central and peripheral nervous system and the subsequent changes in behavior, with a focus on the toxicity of food components and behavioral effects of environmental toxicants. Topics addressed include acute and chronic effects; reversible and irreversible consequences; functional disorders of the nervous system; neurobehavioral dysfunctions; and the underlying neurobiological mechanisms.

An alternative to existing bipolar choices, this book looks at individuals and their distances from the self (individuation-deindividuation) and from others (attachment-detachment). Simultaneously theoretical, empirical, and applied, this book can be reasonably applied to all types of individuals involved in interpersonal situations regardless of culture, age, gender, or sexual orientations. Broken into four parts, in the first part, Definitions and Measurements, the author includes an introduction to the Individuation-Attachment Questionnaire.
Implications of TILT for Individuals is the basis for Part Two and includes a view of TILT across the life span. The next section extends the analysis to TILT for Couples and Families. The clinician, counselors, and individuals attempting to help himself/herself are addressed in the final part: TILT for the Clinician and includes application of TILT to everyday life.
The text brings to life, through extensive description, the questions and situations consistently raised in couples therapy: space-too much or not enough.
TILT: Teaching Individuals To Live Together presents a unique model of individuation and attachment and was developed to facilitate the understanding of the complex relationship between these two developmental processes across the life span. The model shows how we gradually develop our boundaries and hence reduce the need for defensive interpersonal walls. The TILT model has applications in the fields of therapy, education, and organizational development. Thus, it will be of interest to mental health professionals including psychotherapists, psychologists, counselors, social workers, and marriage and family therapists. Practitioners of transactional analysis will find this book of supreme interest and usefulness.

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Mobbing bullying or harassment, a severe form of social stressor at work, has become a topic of widespread public interest in several European countries. Mobbing includes minor social conflicts such as socially isolating a person, rumours, or giving somebody a bad name, but also major conflicts like giving somebody no work, or work below or above his or her qualification, threats to kick somebody out of the firm, or threats of physical violence. Although mobbing is a very old phenomenon, it has not been described and systematically investigated until the early 1980s when Heinz Leymann started the first research projects in Sweden.; This special issue brings together scientists and practitioners from various European countries who have done research and possess practical experience in this area. The book begins with an article that introduces the theoretical concept of mobbing. Several articles follow which report empirical findings on mobbing in Austria, Finland, Germany, Norway and Sweden. These articles deal with questions such as: How oftenn does mobbing occur? Can anybody be affected? Who are the mobbers? Are there organizational causes of mobbing? The articles emphasize the severe health consequences which can be observed in nearly every mobbing victim. One article reports two case studies and describes the medical treatment of mobbing victims. Finally, prevention and intervention measures are summarized which were already successfully used in practice.

Research on metaphor has been dominated by Aristotelian questions of processes in metaphor understanding. Although this area is important, it leaves unasked Platonic questions of how structures of the mind affect such processes. Moreover, there has been relatively little work on how metaphors affect human behavior. Although there are numerous postdictive or speculative accounts of the power of metaphors to affect human behavior in particular areas, such as clinical or political arenas, empirical verification of these accounts has been sparse.
To fill this void, the editors have compiled this work dedicated to empirical examination of how metaphors affect human behavior and understanding. The book is divided into four sections: metaphor and pragmatics, clinical uses of metaphor, metaphor and politics, and other applications of metaphor. Chapters contained within these sections attempt to merge Aristotelian questions with Platonic ones.

First published in 1996. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

While concentrating on the central tenets of behavioural analysis, this volume demonstrates how behavioural analysis can be seen as a general approach to psychology and how it can be related to the various other conceptual frameworks current in modern psychology. Applications of behavioural processes to clinical and social issues are included in each of the eight chapters which deal with different behavioural processes, and every chapter contains self-assessment materials. Introductory and concluding chapters set the scene from which behavioural analysis developed and indicate its prospects for further development.
This second-level psychology textbook elucidates the basic principles of behaviour that have been developed through the experimental analysis of behaviour and illustrates how those principles are encompassing an increasingly large section of the broad field of psychology. In the seventeen years since the publication of the second edition of this volume, a great deal has happened in the

This text explores the relationship between the planned or built environment and the occurrence of mental ill-health. It begins by providing a broad overview of what is known about the causes of psychopathic behaviour. It then goes on to discuss the issues that arise when attempting to identify: the impact of the environment as a source of stress; the effects that the environment can have on the quality of relationships between people; and the relationship between symbolic aspects of the environment, the planning process and mental health. The book uses analysis and case studies drawn from the UK and US and contains example illustrations of the built environment.

Contents:
Anger Disorders: Basic Science and Practice Issues. Diagnosis of Anger Disorders. Measuring the Experience, Expression and Control of Anger. A Behaviour-Analytic View of Anger and Aggression. Cross-Cultural Perspectives on Anger. Anger and Criminality. Evaluation of Treatment Strategies for Adult Anger Disorders. Developing the Therapeutic Alliance with Angry Clients. Ideal Treatment for Adults with Anger Disorders. Ideal Treatment Package for Children and Adolescents with Anger Disorders. Conclusions and a Look to the Future.

This book represents a social psychological approach to the study of emotion. The contributors present empirical data using the 'time sampling' or 'experience sampling' technique developed by Brandstätter. This technique allows researchers to gain direct access to the phenomenological experiences of subjects without the distorting effects of recall. Populations studied include bank employees, factory workers, housewives, and the unemployed.

"Practicing Positive CBT: From Reducing Distress to Building Success" reveals a new therapeutic approach that combines traditional CBT with Positive Psychology and Solution-Focused Brief Therapy. By shifting the focus of therapy from what is wrong with clients to what it right with them and from what is not working to what is, Positive CBT creates a more optimistic process that empowers clients and therapists to flourish.

Increases client motivation and collaboration; allows therapeutic outcomes to be achieved in shorter timeframes and in a more cost-effective wayCovers theory and applications, and provides a wide range of stories, exercises and case studiesThe author has a uniquely broad knowledge and experience as a therapist and trainer of CBT, PP, and SFBT

First published in 1994. Routledge is an imprint of Taylor & Francis, an informa company.

Sisterhood used to be the most powerful metaphor for relationships between women. Now there is a new interest in the mother-daughter relationship which in all its complexity, often acts as a better symbol of the diversity and difference inherent in women's relations in general. However, while recent theorizing has focused on the role of the mothers and mothering, far less attention has been given to the active role taken by women as daughters. With this focus on daughtering, the book offers conceptualizations to extend the normal boundaries of psychoanalytic theory. "Daughtering and Mothering" develops its discussion from viewpoints in psychoanalysis and psychology, as well as cultural anthropology. The contributors take up three main themes, firstly on the sexual dimension of female subjectivity, challenging the notion that the father is necessarily the first sexual object. They also discuss contextual issues, examining women's roles in therapy, management and education, and in external relations in general. Finally they argue that the concept of "good-enough-mothering" is an idealized version of the mother-daughter relationship.

According to Stephen Ray Flora, reinforcement is a very powerful tool for improving the human condition despite often being dismissed as regarding people as less than human and as "overly simplistic. "This book addresses and defends the use of reinforcement principles against a wide variety of attacks. Countering the myths, criticisms, and misrepresentations of reinforcement, including false claims that reinforcement is "rat psychology," the author shows that building reinforcement theory on basic laboratory research is a strength, not a weakness, and allows unlimited applications to human situations as it promotes well-being and productivity. Also examined are reinforcement contingencies, planned or accidental, as they shape behavioral patterns and repertoires in a positive way.

The late Captain Frank H Hawkins FRAes, M Phil, was Human Factors Consultant to KLM, for whom he had flown for over 30 years as line captain and R & D pilot, designing the flight decks for all KLM aircraft from the Viscount to the Boeing 747. In this period he developed and applied his specialization in Human Factors. His perception of lack of knowledge of Human Factors and its disastrous consequences led him to initiate both an annual course on Human Factors in Transport Aircraft Operation at Loughborough and Aston Universities, and the KLM Human Factors Awareness Course (KHUFAC). A consultant member of SAE S-7 committee, he was also a member of the Human Factors Society and a Liveryman of the Guild of Air Pilots. He was keynote speaker at the ICAO Human Factors Seminar held in St Petersburg, Russia in April 1990. About the Editor The late Captain Harry W Orlady was an Aviation Human Factors Consultant and a former Senior Research Scientist for the Aviation Safety Reporting System (ASRS); he also worked with NASA/Ames, with private research firms and the FAA in its certification of the Boeing 747-400 and the McDonnell-Douglas MK-11. As a pilot with United Airlines he flew 10 types of aircraft ranging from the DC-3 to the Boeing 747. He conducted studies in ground and flight training, Human Factors, aviation safety and aeromedical fields, and received several major awards and presented nearly 100 papers or lectures. He was an elected fellow of the Aerospace Medical Association; a member of the Human Factors Society, of ICE Flight Safety and Human Factors Study Group, and the SAE Human Behavioural Technology and G-10 Committees.

Contents:
Epidemiology of bulimia nervosa, J.H. Crowther, et al. Part 1 Developmental and familial factors: overview, P.A. Crawford and D. Watts; developmental issues in the study of eating problems and disorders, I. Attie and J. Brooks-Gunn; toward a model of the developmental psychopathology of eating disorders - the example of early adolescence, M.P. Levine and L. Smolak; body image, weight control and eating disorders among children, M.H. Thelen, et al; relationship of family and personality factors in bulimia, S. Wonderlich. Part 2 Individual factors: overview, D.S. Rosch and K.L. Shepherd; chronic dieting and eating disorders - a spiral model, T.F. Heatherton and J. Polivy; body-image disorder - definition, development, and contribution to eating disorders, J.C. Rosen; personality characteristics as a risk factor in the development of eating disorders, C. Johnson and S. Wonderlich. Part 3 Future directions: overview, D.L. Zotter and N.E. Sherwood; prevention of bulimia nervosa - questions and challenges, R.H. Striegel-Moore; aetiology of bulimia nervosa - conceptual, research and measurement issues, J.H. Crowther and J.S. Mizes.