This book is a comprehensive introduction to the methodological basis of population health research, and a critical assessment of theoretical issues affecting the quality of research on health and behaviour. Research into the many factors that shape human health or illness, has traditionally emphasized experimental design and the statistical effects of specific factors. While due attention is paid to such methods, the contributors emphasize the importance of theory-guided, multi-method approaches for research into the complex forces affecting health, health-related behaviour and the effectiveness of health services. Throughout, the value of analytical models of population health is related to their utility in informing and building theoretical knowledge.

Can traditional assessment (the psychometric approach) and behavioral assessment be effectively integrated in research as well as in practice? Can this integration improve the quality of the information collected from various instruments, strengthen the validity of interpretations, and improve reliability? Through a detailed, systematic, and critical review of both literatures, Silva shows how an integration of psychometric principles with the standards in behavioral assessment can result in an affirmative answer to these issues. Beginning with a review of the origins of behavioral assessment through the current practices, Silva explores such issues as the arguments for and against the integration of psychometric standards, the possibility of a normative interpretation of behavioral assessment data including an individual differences focus that is not at odds with an N=1 approach, and how the recent advancements in the psychometric approach to reliability and validity can enhance quality and utilization in behavioral assessment. "Fernando Silva's book adds a large and important contribution to the work of those of us interested in unifying behavioral assessment and psychological measurement." --Arthur W. Staats, University of Hawaii at Manoa "This is an important book. It fills, with great distinction, a need that has long existed in the assessment literature. (Silva) provides a detailed, balanced, and comprehensive review of the philosophical rationale of assessment from the behavioral perspective. And along with this he offers an extremely lucid and up-to-date account of the more expert thinking on psychometric methodologies. In particular, Silva's discussion of construct validity, especially in its relation to scientific method, is exemplary. "It is important to note, too, that Silva does more than merely review the current scene; on the contrary, he presents strong, clear, and well-reasoned conclusions, all of which seem to me highly compelling. "It would be a serious mistake for prospective readers to consider this book meaningful only for workers in behavioral assessment. In fact, the book is relevant to the entire field of assessment, not only because behavioral assessment, is, after all, a part of that broader scope, but also because the book contains an excellent, very readable summary of newer advances in psychometrics. In brief, this volume is a major contribution to the assessment literature." --from the Foreword by Paul McReynolds "The status of behavioral assessment within the larger framework of the psychometric tradition in psychology is surrounded by issues of substantial practical and conceptual importance that merit the thoughtful and detailed analysis provided by Professor Silva. This book should be required reading for all students in graduate assessment courses and will be of considerable interest to both behavioral and 'traditional' scholars and practitioners." --Jerry S. Wiggins, The University of British Columbia "Professor Silva's book is of exceptional quality. The discussion of basic concepts, such as validity, is a model by the information provided and by the clarity and lucidity of the discussion. The author has been able to achieve a balanced synthesis of the most recent technical developments and of the philosophical backgrounds of the concepts used, a rare combination in writings of this type. On the whole, the lecture of the book is to be recommended not only as a reference manual, but also as a source of reflection for the experienced psychologist engaged in behavioral assessment." --Pierre Pichot, L'Academie Nationale de Medicine "It is a well-written little book which anyone having worked with behaviour therapy and its diagnostic procedures will benefit from reading. It is a must reading for those who shall teach others about clinical behaviour analysis and diagnostic procedures in behaviour therapy." --Scandinavian Journal of Behaviour Therapy

Leading scholars, researchers, and clinicians in the field of addictive behavior provide an examination of drug dependency from a life span perspective in this authoritative volume. These experts argue that addictive problems among adolescents, young adults, those in mid-life, and the elderly require new forms of intervention and different theoretical conceptualizations. Organized around four general topic areas: etiology and course, prevention and early intervention, integrated treatment, and policy issues across the life span, Addictive Behaviors Across the Life Span thoroughly delineates such timely issues as treating substance abuse problems in offenders, prevention and early detection of alcohol and drug problems, the codependency movement, recovery patterns, and women's issues. Among the other topics covered are biopsychosocial perspectives on the intergenerational transmission of alcoholism to children of alcoholics, comparative effects of community-based drug abuse prevention, adult marijuana dependence, and reducing the risks of addictive behaviors. Addictive Behaviors Across the Life Span is essential reading for academic and research psychologists, social workers, addiction counselors, psychiatrists, and other mental health professionals involved in direct treatment.

What does it mean to have a "sense of justice"? Why is clarity about the sense of justice a critical issue in contemporary legal theory? And, what contribution can be made by a naturalistic theory that is informed by research in the life sciences? The distinguished contributors to The Sense of Justice introduce scholars and advanced students to the social and behavioral foundations for the "sense of justice" -- a form of balance or equilibrium which both individuals and legal systems seek to achieve and maintain in a changing and complex world. With diverse disciplinary backgrounds, the contributors bring various viewpoints to bear on the prospect of a more coherent theory of human justice. The Sense of Justice draws upon new discoveries and insights from the biologically-based behavioral sciences that are critical for a more informed understanding of legal phenomena, especially those dealing with complex social and political relationships. Most appropriate for criminology, criminal justice, sociology, and political science professionals and students.

This book, which is in its second edition, provides a provocative mirror from which to discern more clearly one's own assumptions about human nature. . . . I found myself reflecting on the subject matter and its impact on my own life, including relationships, teaching, research, and therapy. . . . The author has done a superb job of raising our consciousness about human nature in this book, an I strongly recommend it to academic and applied psychologists. If you need an invitation to examine your views about human nature, this book is it. --C. R. Snyder, University of Kansas, Lawrence In general, are people trustworthy or unreliable, altruistic or selfish? Are they simple and easy to understand or complex and beyond comprehension? Our assumptions about human nature color everything from the way we bargain with a used-car dealer to our expectations about further conflict in the Middle East. Because our assumptions about human nature underlie our reactions to specific events, Wrightsman designed this second edition to enhance our understanding of human nature--the relationship of attitudes to behavior, the unidimensionality of attitudes, and the influence of social movements on beliefs. Psychologists, social workers, researchers, and students will find Assumptions About Human Nature an illuminating exploration into the philosophies of human nature.

One of South Africa's most serious problems is the large number of youths in the black townships who have been exposed to an incredible depth and complexity of trauma. Not only have they lived through severe poverty, the deterioration of family and social structures, and an inferior education system, but they have also been involved in catastrophic levels of violence, both as victims and as perpetrators. What are the effects of the milieu? What future is there for this generation? Above all, who are they?
In the mid-1980s Gill Straker, Professor of Psychology at the University of the Witwatersrand, was called in by the South African Council of Churches as part of a counseling team to provide therapeutic services for a group of young blacks who had been driven out of their township by vigilantes. Their lives had been threatened, and many had participated in various forms of violence - stoning of vehicles, burning of houses belonging to local counselors, some even taking part in necklacing.
This counseling experience, together with a follow-up study of the same group three years later, is the basis of Gill Straker's book, Faces in the Revolution, a fascinating psychological profile of the youngsters involved. In her moving and highly readable account, she penetrates beyond the media-generated stereotype of township youth as a brutalized generation, showing instead the processes that motivate the leaders, the conformists and the psychological casualties of the civil war that has raged in South Africa's townships. Faces in the Revolution will bring a great deal of clarity to concerned readers seeking informed insight into the lives of the young black people at the forefront of this undeclared war.

Does a client's age affect the counselling process? What special challenges do older clients present for the counsellor? This book links life-span concepts directly to the daily concerns of counsellors. With the focus on major types of problems that bring clients to counselling, Thomas integrates current research with counselling techniques to enable counsellors to better understand the relationship between changes in personality traits and counselling elderly clients. He identifies key decisions that are typically made in the counselling process and determines what kinds of age-related information will positively influence the counselling process.

This immensely practical volume describes the rationale, development, and utilization of cognitive-behavioral techniques in promoting health, preventing disease, and treating illness, with a particular focus on pain management. An ideal resource for a wide range of practitioners and researchers, the book's coverage of pain management includes theoretical, research, and clinical issues, and includes illustrative case material.

Is it better to be a big frog in a small pond or a small frog in a big pond? Here, economist Robert H. Frank argues that concerns about status permeate and profoundly alter a broad range of human behavior. He shows how status considerations affect the salaries people earn, the way they spend them, and even many of the laws, regulations, and cultural norms they adopt. Provocative and insightful, this book is sure to spark widespread and lively debate in classrooms and boardrooms alike.

This study of childhood neuroses focuses on the role of the early mother-child relationship and its effect on the development of the ego, super-ego, object relations and aggression. The pathological conditions discussed are arranged in accordance with the developmental stages.

A guide for parents to provide a detailed understanding of the physical and mental states of children from infancy to nursery school. Covering the first five years of life, typical child development including behaviour profiles, depicting physical and psychological states are documented. Product Details

Much turmoil surrounds the devastating phenomenon of autism. Theories about its causes and analyses of its symptoms vary so widely that the contradictions seem irreconcilable. In The Riddle of Autism, Dr. George Victor provides an integrating perspective that is needed by researchers, clinicians, teachers, and others who work with autistic children. Divided into three sections - 'The Mystery, ' 'The Unfolding of a Pattern, ' 'Pieces of the Puzzle' - Dr. Victor examines the myths that cloud an understanding of this disorder, explores developmental contributions to it, as well as describes and probes the meanings of its specific behavioral symptom

In this landmark book the impulse toward self-destructiveness is examined as a misdirection of the instinct for survival, a turning inward of the aggressive behavior developed for self-preservation. The self-imposed illness, despair, even suicide, that result from this conflict are compassionately yet objectively analyzed and documented through case histories. Drawing on the work of such pioneers as Ferenczi, Groddeck, Jelliffe, White, Alexander, and Simmel, Menninger shows that intelligent self-knowledge can bring self-respect and understanding into man's psychological war against himself--on the side of self-preservation.

In Our Biosocial Brains, Michele Lewis underscores culture, brain, behavior, and social problems to advocate for a more inclusive cultural neuroscience. Traditional neuroscientists to date have not prioritized studying the impact of power, bias, and injustice on neural processing and the brain's perception of marginalized humans. Lewis explains current events, historical events, and scientific studies, in Our Biosocial Brains. Readers will be drawn to the relevancy of brain science to examples of injustices and social bias. Lewis also argues that incorporating non-western African-Centered Psychology is vital to diversifying research questions and diversifying interpretations of existing brain science, because African-Centered Psychology is not rooted in racist, classist, and exclusionary hegemonic methods. Lewis argues for attention to marginalized populations, regarding the impact of violence, disrespect, othering, slurs, environmental injustice, health, and general disregard on humans' brains and behavior. Using hundreds of peer-reviewed studies and original research, the author presents scientific studies that are integrated with sociocultural explanations to foster wider understanding of how our sociocultural world shapes our brains, and how our brains' responses influence how humans perceive and treat one another.

Stata for the Behavioral Sciences, by Michael Mitchell, is the ideal reference for researchers using Stata to fit ANOVA models and other models commonly applied to behavioral science data. Drawing on his education in psychology and his experience in consulting, Mitchell uses terminology and examples familiar to he reader as he demonstrates how to fit a variety of models, how to interpret results, how to understand simple and interaction effects, and how to explore results graphically. Although this book is not designed as an introduction to Stata, it is appealing even to Stata novices. Throughout the text, Mitchell thoughtfully addresses any features of Stata that are important to understand for the analysis at hand. He also is careful to point out additional resources such as related videos from Stata's YouTube channel. This book is an easy-to-follow guide to analyzing data using Stata for researchers in the behavioral sciences and a valuable addition to the bookshelf of anyone interested in applying ANOVA methods to a variety of experimental designs.

Aligned with the Association for Positive Behavior Supporta s Standards of Practice, this graduate-level text is an authoritative PBS primer for professionals preparing for work in educational and community-based settings. More than 60 leading scholars present the critical skills and knowledge professionals need to translate the principles and science of PBS into person-centered interventions that improve lives. Covering a broad range of ages, disabilities, and settings, this comprehensive textbook fully prepares professionals to support all people with challenging behavior, effectively and respectfully.
PREPARE PROFESSIONALS TO

• Use the foundations of PBS and applied behavior analysis (ABA) in everyday practice
• Conduct person-centered functional behavior assessments
• Select and design effective behavior interventions and curricular modifications
• Develop comprehensive, multielement PBS plans tailored to individual needs and goals
• Ensure fidelity of behavior-plan implementation
• Facilitate generalization and maintenance of behavior changes

• antecedent strategies
• consequence strategies
• functional behavior assessments /li>
• person-centered planning teams
• data-based decision making
• single-subject research methodology
• systematic instruction
• self-determination
• quality of life
• visual supports
• partnering with families
• curricular modifications
• self-management strategies
• behavior assessment and data analysis
• systemic change
• culturally responsive PBS
• future directions for PBS
• and more

Backed by decades of research, cognitive behavioral therapy is the intervention of choice for clients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) regardless of their age, gender, ethnicity, or source of symptoms. This compact, clinician-friendly resource walks readers through cognitive behavioral techniques and treatment packages for PTSD, using case studies to illustrate how to troubleshoot common problems. Explaining each approach's theoretical underpinnings as well as its step-by-step implementation, the authors cover both trauma-focused techniques such as prolonged exposure, cognitive processing therapy, and stress inoculation training, and non-trauma-focused or present-centered techniques such as breathing training, relaxation training, and positive self-talk. The book also addresses depression and social isolation, symptoms that often accompany PTSD.

Grounded in public health practice, this text offers a comprehensive study of the health behavior theories that are the foundation of all health education and promotion programs. Your students will come away with a clear understanding of essential relationships between human behavior and health, as well as the practical application of theory and approaches to health promotion research and practice. Designed for graduates or upper level undergraduates, the book maintains a consistent, single voice and offers many examples throughout. Contents: Section I. Theory in Context: 1. Health Behavior in the Context of Public Health 2. A Social Ecological Perspective 3. Theories of Motivation and Behavior: A Brief History and Contemporary Perspectives Section II. Cognitive and Social Theories of Motivation and Behavior 4. Expectancy Value Models 5. Operant Conditioning, Self-Regulation, and Social Cognitive Theory 6. Social Influence Theory: The Effects of Social Factors on Health Behavior 7. Diffusion of Innovations Theory Section III. Behavior Change Theories 8. Learning, Teaching, and Counseling 9. Self-Determination Theory and Motivational Interviewing 10. Stage Models 11. Health Communication and Social Marketing 12. Communities and Health Promotion

`It is refreshing, in the wake of the sometimes uncritical enthusiasm for evolutionary psychology, to read a thoughtful and balanced account of the problems as well as the benefits of an evolutionary perspective on human behaviour' - Professor Anne Campbell, Durham University Essential Evolutionary Psychology introduces students to the core theories, approaches, and findings that are the necessary foundations for developing an understanding of the evolutionary psychology. It offers a sound, brief and student friendly explication of how evolutionary theory has been and is applied in psychology. The book unpicks the very essence of human evolution, and how this knowledge is used to give evolutionary accounts of four of the central pillars of human behaviour - cooperation, attraction, aggression, and family formation. It also covers evolutionary accounts of abnormal behaviour, language and culture.

The fifth edition of this popular research methods book emphasizes a hands-on, multimethod, interdisciplinary approach to behavioral research. In this book, research is seen not as a remote activity of a white-coat priesthood, but as an approach that can be used by people in many fields to solve immediate problems and increase understanding of human behavior. Numerous examples from different nations are provided throughout.

The concept of "psychological tools" is a cornerstone of L. S. Vygotsky's sociocultural theory of cognitive development. Psychological tools are the symbolic cultural artifacts--signs, symbols, texts, formulae, and most fundamentally, language--that enable us to master psychological functions like memory, perception, and attention in ways appropriate to our cultures. In this lucid book, Alex Kozulin argues that the concept offers a useful way to analyze cross-cultural differences in thought and to develop practical strategies for educating immigrant children from widely different cultures.

Kozulin begins by offering an overview of Vygotsky's theory, which argues that consciousness arises from communication as civilization transforms "natural" psychological functions into "cultural" ones. He also compares sociocultural theory to other innovative approaches to learning, cognitive education in particular. And in a vivid case study, the author describes his work with recent Ethiopian immigrants to Israel, whose traditional modes of learning were oral and imitative, and who consequently proved to be quick at learning conversational Hebrew, but who struggled with the reading, writing, and formal problem solving required by a Western classroom. Last, Kozulin develops Vygotsky's concept of psychological tools to promote literature as a useful tool in cognitive development.

With its explication of Vygotsky's theory, its case study of sociocultural pedagogy, and its suggested use of literary text for cognitive development, "Psychological Tools" will be of considerable interest to research psychologists and educators alike.

This boldly original book explores the origins, meanings, and forms of women's aggression. Drawing from in-depth interviews with sixty women of different ages and ethnic and class backgrounds--police officers, attorneys, substance abusers, homemakers, artists--Dana Jack provides a rich account of how women explain (or explain away) their own hidden or actual acts of hurt to others. With sensitivity but without sentimentality, Jack gives readers a range of compelling stories of how women channel, either positively or destructively, their own powerful force and of how they resist and retaliate in the face of others' aggression in a society that expects women to be yielding, empathetic, and supportive.

Arguing that aggression arises from failures in relationships, Jack portrays the many forms that women's aggression can take, from veiled approaches used to resist, control, and take vengeance on others, to aggression that reflects despair, to aggression that may be a hopeful sign of new strength. Throughout the book, Jack shows the positive sides of aggression as women struggle with internal and external demons, reconnect with others, and create the courage to stand their ground. This work broadens our understanding of aggression as an interpersonal phenomenon rooted in societal expectations, and offers exciting new approaches for exploring the variations of this vexing human experience.

This impressive collection features Richard Herrnstein's most important and original contributions to the social and behavioral sciences--his papers on choice behavior in animals and humans and on his discovery and elucidation of a general principle of choice called the matching law. In recent years, the most popular theory of choice behavior has been rational choice theory. Developed and elaborated by economists over the past hundred years, it claims that individuals make choices in such a way as to maximize their well-being or utility under whatever constraints they face; that is, people make the best of their situations. Rational choice theory holds undisputed sway in economics, and has become an important explanatory framework in political science, sociology, and psychology. Nevertheless, its empirical support is thin. The matching law is perhaps the most important competing explanatory account of choice behavior. It views choice not as a single event or an internal process of the organism but as a rate of observable events over time. It states that instead of maximizing utility, the organism allocates its behavior over various activities in exact proportion to the value derived from each activity. It differs subtly but significantly from rational choice theory in its predictions of how people exert self-control, for example, how they decide whether to forgo immediate pleasures for larger but delayed rewards. It provides, through the primrose path hypothesis, a powerful explanation of alcohol and narcotic addiction. It can also be used to explain biological phenomena, such as genetic selection and foraging behavior, as well as economic decision making.

Lying on the couch, the patient must tell all. And yet, as the psychoanalyst well knows, the patient is endlessly unable--unwilling--to speak the truth. This perversity at the heart of psychoanalysis, a fine focus on intimate truths even as the lines between truth and lies are being redrawn, is also at the center of this book of essays by the renowned historian of psychoanalysis John Forrester. Continuing the work begun in "Dispatches from the Freud Wars," "Truth Games" offers a rich philosophical and historical perspective on the mechanics, moral dilemmas, and rippling implications of psychoanalysis.

Lacan observed that the psychoanalyst's patient is, even when lying, operating in the dimension of truth. Beginning with Lacan's reading of Freud's case history of the Rat Man, Forrester pursues the logic and consequences of this assertion through Freud's relationship with Lacan into the general realm of psychoanalysis and out into the larger questions of anthropology, economics, and metaphysics that underpin the practice. His search takes him into the parallels between money and speech through an exploration of the metaphors of circulation, exchange, indebtedness, and trust that so easily glide from one domain to the other.

Original, witty, incisive, these essays provide a new understanding of the uses and abuses and the ultimate significance of truth telling and lying, trust and confidence as they operate in psychoanalysis--and in the intimate world of the self and society that it seeks to know.