Natural Plant Products in Inflammatory Bowel Diseases: Preventive and Therapeutic Potential organizes all evidence to understand which natural products are the first steps of investigation and which have strong evidence of their effects in inflammatory bowel diseases, have been tested in clinical trials, and have received approval to be officially used. In addition to providing information regarding the research with natural products in inflammatory bowel diseases, this reference will also highlight the molecular mechanisms behind the effects of natural products in inflammatory bowel diseases with the aid of figures, video animations and dynamic tables. Compiled from research group members from different parts of the world and specialized in inflammatory bowel diseases and related topics, this important reference will be useful to health professionals, researchers, professors, and industry managers as it provides helpful information on the subject, with the potential to inspire health care, relevant research and product innovation.

Encyclopedia of Cell Biology, Second Edition, a Six Volume Set, has established itself as a fundamental reference work, providing broad coverage of the field in four main sections (Molecular, Organizational, Functional, Translational and Pathological Aspects of Cell Biology). This second edition revisits and expands each section, with entries on topics not covered in the first edition, including Crispr. The whole work is updated, providing greater coverage of specialized cell function and translational applications, and putting greater emphasis on these topics in graduate/medical teaching. New overview chapters and subsections provide a simplified cell biology text that can be used by instructors. The new version includes a standard template for each chapter, making the content easier to navigate, as well as inserts and graphics which provide summaries of key points in each chapter.

Plant RNA Viruses: Molecular Pathogenesis and Management provides wide-ranging coverage on the recognition and signaling events between plants and RNA viruses. The book examines the molecular biology of signaling, host-virus interaction, RNA virus diversity, and how plants and cellular pathogens interact. Sections cover Virus Diversity and Diagnosis, Virus-Host Interactions and Virus Management. Specific chapters discuss classification and nomenclature of viruses, detail the molecular characteristics of viral genomes, highlight the viral manipulation of cellular key regulatory systems for successful virus infection, and discuss the movement of plant viruses into plant cells. Additional topics include RNA plant viruses and host interaction, detection and diversity of plant RNA viruses, and strategies for combating and management of plant viruses. With contributions from an international group of experts, the book is a comprehensive reference for those in research, academia, industry and anybody engaging in the study of plant viruses at the molecular level.

RNA Methodologies: A Laboratory Guide for Isolation and Characterization, Sixth Edition provides the most up-to-date ribonucleic acid lab techniques for seasoned scientists and graduate students alike. This edition features new material on RNA sequencing, RNA in Situ Hybridization, non-coding RNAs, computational RNA biology, transcriptomes and bioinformatics, along with the latest advances in methods and protocols across the field of RNA investigation. As a leader in the field, Dr. Farrell provides a wealth of knowledge on the topic of RNA biology while also giving readers helpful hints and troubleshooting techniques from his own personal experience in this subject area. This book presents the essential knowledge and techniques to use when working with RNA for the experienced practitioner, while also aiding the beginner in fully understanding this important branch of molecular biology.

Autophagy and Metabolism: Potential Target for Cancer Therapy presents updates on autophagy in cancer metabolism and how it can be used to develop new, more efficient treatments. Written by experts in the field, the book presents recent research and explains how to translate it to the clinical setting. Sections discuss tumor cell metabolism and autophagy as therapeutic targets, autophagy regulation in cancer, signaling pathways in metabolic dysregulation in solid tumors, metabolic stress and cell death pathways, and the role of the tumor microenvironment. In addition, topics cover combined targeting autophagy, metabolism for cancer therapy, and the autophagy effect on immune cell metabolism. This will be a valuable resource for researchers, oncologists, graduate students, and members of the biomedical field who are interested in learning more about the interaction between autophagy and cancer metabolism.

Introduction to Basic Aspects of the Autonomic Nervous System, Sixth Edition, Volume One is an all-encompassing reference on the autonomic nervous system's basic function, dysfunction and pathology. This volume describes the anatomy of the autonomic nervous system and its role in the regulation of blood pressure, body temperature, respiration, micturition, digestion and renal function. Additional chapters focus on the autonomic modulation of the neuroendocrine system, sexual function, and immunity. There is also a chapter on mummies and the autonomic nervous system. With these chapters, readers will gain extensive knowledge on the autonomic nervous system's anatomy, functional organization and neurochemistry, which is critical to care for patients with autonomic disorders and guide patient-oriented research.

Clinical PET/MR presents the state-of-the-art of PET/MR, guiding the reader from how to scan patients, how to read and report the studies, and how keep an eye on what is clinically relevant for a patient's care. Each chapter starts with the clinical scenario and then moves to pertinent imaging, addressing the need of a clinical PET/MR book written by world experts in both clinical and imaging fields. It discusses the clinical application of PET/MR in diverse subspecialties such as head and neck, neurology, cardiovascular, pediatrics, chest, bone, hematology, breast, hepatobiliary pancreatic, genitourinary, gynecology, and gastrointestinal tract. This book is a valuable resource for radiologists, oncologists and members of the biomedical field who need to learn more about clinical applications of PET/MR.

Twin Research: Biology, Health, Epigenetics, and Psychology is a comprehensive, applied resource in twinning and twin studies that is grounded in the most impactful findings from twin research in recent years. While targeted to undergraduate and graduate students, this compendium will prove a valuable resource for scholars already familiar with twin studies, as well as those coming to the field for the first time. Here, more than forty experts across an array of disciplines examine twinning and twin research methodologies from the perspectives of biology, medicine, genetic and epigenetic influences, and neuroscience. Chapters provide clear instruction in both basic and advanced research methods, family and parenting aspects of twinning, twin studies as applied across various disease areas and medical specialties, genetic and epigenetic determinants of differentiation, and academic, neurological and cognitive development. The presentation of existing studies and methods instruction empowers students and researchers to apply twin-based research and advance new studies across a range of biomedical and behavioral fields, highlighting current research trends and future directions.

Unravelling Plant-Microbe Synergy focuses on agriculturally important microorganisms (AIM's) that are indigenous to soil and roots of the plant. These microbes contributing to nutrient balance, growth regulators, suppressing pathogens, alleviate stress response, orchestrating immune response and improving crop performance as they are offering sustainable and alternative solutions to the use of chemicals in agriculture. As plant microbe synergy is an enthralling subject, is multidisciplinary in nature, and concerns scientists involved in applied, and environmental microbiology and plant health and plant protection, Unravelling Plant-Microbe Synergy is an ideal resource that emphasizes the current trends of, and probable future of, microbes mediated amelioration of abiotic and biotic stress, agriculture sustainability, induced systemic tolerance and plant health protection. Unravelling Plant-Microbe Synergy discloses the microbial interaction for stress management and provides a better understanding to know the recent mechanisms to cope these environmental stresses. Unravelling Plant-Microbe Synergy bridges the gap in recent advances in the microbes interaction and rhizosphere engineering.

Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging offers complete coverage of this exciting and key area of biomedicine, seamlessly fusing the science behind nuclear medicine with the clinical aspects of diagnostic imaging. Beginning with sections on the physics related to nuclear medicine, radiation biology/safety, and instrumentation/quality control, it then covers radiochemistry and the development of new radionuclide therapy/tracers, and basic techniques such as positron emission tomography (PET) and single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). The focus then shifts to the clinical aspects, with sections on clinical/preclinical nuclear imaging (structured via organ system such as gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, pulmonary, etc.), as well as other in vivo molecular imaging techniques such as optical imaging, digital image analysis (radiomics), as well as the increasing use of artificial intelligence (AI) in diagnostics. No other publication provides such a complete overview of the field, with most choosing to focus either on physics or imaging. In most cases, preclinical/experimental imaging is treated separately from clinical imaging. Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging brings it all together into a complete, 4-volume, foundational resource for researchers and medical professionals specializing in this exciting area.

Biology of Mycobacterial Lipids covers various topics pertaining to the advancements and current research in the field of mycobacterial lipids, and on the significant progress in lipidomics, in recent times. The chapters present comprehensive, yet systematic cutting-edge research, comprising mycobacterial lipid terminologies, classifications, biosynthetic pathways, tools and techniques, and functional burgeoning. This unique reference book has contributions from pioneer researchers, experts, and eminent veterans from around the globe. It covers ground-breaking work that will bridge the gap between understanding biochemical patterns related to virulence, pathogenesis, and resistance and elucidating new targets for drug design, identifying biomarkers for predicting risk, early diagnosis, and therapeutic outcome.

Environmental, Physiological and Chemical Controls of Adventitious Rooting in Cuttings provides a review of the environmental, physiological and chemical controls of adventitious rooting in cuttings obtained from plants. In plants, adventitious roots, which are highly useful for vegetative propagation (or clonal propagation) are produced mainly from leaves, hypocotyls, stems or shoots. Vegetative propagation may occur naturally by using propagules such as roots, underground and aerial stems, leaves, buds and bulbils. It may also be done artificially through regenerative organs (rhizomes, bulbs, and corms) and by utilizing specialized methods, like cutting, grafting and layering. This book covers the latest tactics surrounding these processes. As a plethora of factors affect the adventitious rooting of cuttings, adding to the complexity of the phenomenon. The main factors which control adventitious root formation are types of cuttings, presence of leaf area on cuttings, types of hormones and their concentration, duration of hormonal treatment (quick dip, long soak, dry dip, spray dip, or total immerse method), maturation (juvenile or mature), genotype, explant position, and more, all of which are discussed here.

Forest Microbiology: Tree Diseases and Pests, Volume Three in the Forest Microbiology series, provides an overview of major disease agents of trees, including viruses, phytoplasma, bacteria, fungi, nematodes and major insect pests. With a strong emphasis on genetics, biochemistry, physiology, evolutionary biology and population dynamics of the organisms involved, this book provides a comprehensive understanding on the health of forests. Sections cover important pest threats such as bark beetles, emerald ash borer, coffee borers, leaf cutting ants, cocoa mirids, and more. This volume highlights a range of emerging diseases of forest trees in temperate and tropic regions as well as information on habitats. Forest trees play crucial roles not only for mitigating effects of the climate change but also for their considerable economic and ecological value. Forest trees are equally vital as an alternative bioenergy source and play important roles in pollution abatement and the maintenance of biodiversity. Timber and its associated products from forest trees contribute substantially to the revenue generation of many countries of the world.

Debulking in Cardiovascular Interventions and Revascularization Strategies: Between a Rock and the Heart aims to provide a comprehensive overview on the diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of resistant lesions as well as tailored debulking processes in revascularization strategies. Cardiovascular interventionalists and surgeons alike frequently encounter technical challenges and increased risk when attempting to diagnose and treat resistant cardiovascular lesions, bio-tissues and vessels. Calcified plaques, fibrotic or thrombotic lesions, total occlusions, degenerative plaques, complex lesions and vessels impose morphologic obstacles to the safe and effective delivery and deployment of balloons and stents. In such instances, a debulking strategy involving the actual drilling and extraction of the targeted plaque/bio-tissue constitutes a unique option that ensures safe and efficacious subsequent balloon dilatations and stenting. A range of topics is included in the book, from the characteristics and constituents of various resistant targets and bio-tissues, to the corresponding options of debulking methods, and finally the technologic and pharmacologic means available for application. The book also provides an up-to-date description of related management solutions and tools, exploring the medical issues pertaining to the patients with these targets; procedural results and clinical outcomes as related to debulking strategies and associated diagnostic and therapeutic technology and revascularization options.

Toxicity of Nanoparticles in Plants: An Evaluation of Cyto/Morpho-physiological, Biochemical and Molecular Responses, Volume Five in the Nanomaterial-Plant Interactions series, reviews the latest research on toxicological effects of using nanotechnology in plants. Key themes include analyzing plant exposure to nanomaterials, mechanisms of toxicity of nanoparticles to plants, and effects, uptake and translocation of various different nanoparticles. This will be an essential read for any scientist or researcher looking to assess and understand the potential toxicological risks associated with plant nanotechnology. To date, nanotechnology is considered one of the most promising areas of research due to the widespread applications of nanomaterials in plant science and agriculture. However, extensive use of nano-based products raises concerns regarding their toxicity in crop plants, their environmental impact and potential consequences to humans via the food chain.

Encyclopedia of Infection and Immunity, Four Volume Set provides new insights into the interactions between bacteria, fungi, parasites and their hosts. Specific areas of interest include host cellular and immune response to microbes, molecular mechanisms of action of beneficial microbes or host-associated microbial communities, microbial pathogenesis, virulence factors, experimental models of infection, host resistance or susceptibility, and the generation of innate and adaptive immune responses. Comprised of over 200 chapters written and edited by leading experts in the field, this book will serve as a key resource for students, researchers, academics and industry practitioners in the fields of microbiology, immunology, and infectious diseases. More than 100 years after Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur established the microbial etiology of communicable diseases, the field of microbiology is experiencing a second period of rapid growth and expansion, driven by the realization that changes in host-associated microbial communities might be at the root of a broad spectrum of noncommunicable human diseases. These advances follow on the heels of recent progress in high-throughput sequencing technology, which has provided a wealth of information on the human microbiome and its physiological potential.

Plant Regeneration from Seeds: A Global Warming Perspective comprehensively reviews the effects caused by climate change on global plant regeneration, growth and seed germination. Initial chapters discuss specific geographical regions such as steppes, the artic, boreal and alpine zones, dry and tropical forests and deserts. Subsequent chapters explore special seed-related topics like fire, soil seed banks, crops, weed emergence, and invasive species Written by leaders in the field of seed germination and plant growth, this is an essential read for researchers and academics interested in plant growth, plant regeneration, seed germination and the effects of these in relation to climate change.

Investigating Human Diseases with the Microbiome: Metagenomics Bench to Bedside is a summary of underlying principles for human health and disease studies from a microbiome point-of-view. From birth to old age, microbiomes in fecal, oral/nasal, vaginal, and skin samples contain important information that can predict disease risks in the future. Tissue samples also contain microbes that are relevant for diseases. The microbiome connects genetic and environmental factors and is poised to greatly facilitate precision medicine, including prevention, diagnosis and effective treatment of many complex diseases. Based in traditional microbiology and adding a more wholistic view of the advent of high-throughput sequencing, this reference poses the key questions of the total number of microbial cells and their distribution in the human body while also considering concepts from macroecology and from causal reasoning. An entire chapter is dedicated to methods, providing hands-on information for important considerations when collecting samples for metagenomic studies.

The microbial ecosystem provides an indigenous system for improving plant growth, health and stress resilience. Plant microbiota, including isolated microbial communities, have been studied to further understand the functional capacities, ecological structure and dynamics of the plant-microbe interaction. Due to climatic changes, there is an urgent need to bring microbial innovations into practice. Mitigation of Plant Abiotic Stress by Microorganisms: Applicability and Future Directions is a comprehensive review of the different strategies available to improve the plant microbiome. Chapters include key topics such as: harnessing endophytic microbial diversity, microbial genes for improving abiotic stress tolerance, and microbial bioformulations. Putting these strategies into practice can have varying success in the field, so it is crucial that scientists are equipped with the knowledge of which microorganisms are needed, as well as the use and suitability of delivery approaches and formulations. This title will be an essential read for researchers and students interested in plant microbial technologies and plant bio stimulants, plant pathology, biocontrol, agronomy, and environmental mediation.

Neurological Complications of Systematic Cancer and Antineoplastic Therapy, Second Edition provides an expanded, updated and in-depth review of common manifestations related to neurology that occur in patients with systemic cancer. These include brain metastases, spinal cord compression, cerebrovascular events, and leptomeningeal disease. The book also discusses neurological complications related to treatments such as radiation and chemotherapy and is an essential reference for the practicing neurologist and oncologist. Sections in this new release cover the pathophysiology and molecular biology of cancer and the metastatic phenotype, Metastatic spread to cranial and peripheral nerves and brachial and lumbosacral plexuses, Metabolic and nutritional disorders, CNS infections, Neurological complications of immunotherapy and bone marrow transplants, Neurological complications of new molecular agents and immuno-modulatory drugs, and more.

Comprehensive Gut Microbiota, Three Volume Set provides new insights into gut microbiota as a critical mediator of human health and well-being. Comprehensive chapters, split across three volumes, present trusted and authoritative sources of information for novel human gut microbiome and health research. The book focuses on the fascinating intestinal microbiome and its interaction with food, food bioactive components, nutrition and human health. Chapters address the core science in the microbiota field and draw links between the microbiome, food, nutrition and health interaction. The text reflects the current state of evidence available in the field of microbiota, its regulation at the individual and population level, and the importance of the microbiome to human health. Each section includes introductory chapters that present key concepts about the section objective. Later sections focus on the novel findings of the gut microbiome, food and nutrition science. Human studies and systematic literature reviews are also discussed throughout the work.

Biocontrol Mechanisms of Endophytic Microorganisms introduces endophytic microorganisms, colonization, diversity and distribution, describes the isolation and identification of endophytic microorganisms by traditional cultivation and by next generation sequencing technologies, and covers biocontrol mechanisms, bacterial priming, endophytic based methods, the significance on fungi, and metabolite based formulations. The book concludes with chapters on biofilms, microbiota and safety issues of microorganisms. The intensive use of chemicals to control these plant pathogens has resulted in negative consequences such as the release of toxic chemicals in the environment, reduced soil fertility and human health problems. Therefore, environmentally-friendly and sustainable replacement of chemical fertilizers or pesticides is highly challenging.

Tissue Engineering: Current Status and Challenges bridges the gap between biomedical scientists and clinical practitioners. The work reviews the history of tissue engineering, covers the basics required for the beginner, and inspires those in the field toward future research and application emerging in this fast-moving field. Written by global experts in the field for those studying and researching tissue engineering, the book reviews regenerative technologies, stem cell research and regeneration of organs. It then moves to soft tissue engineering (heart, vascular, muscle and 3D scaffolding and printing), hard tissue engineering (bone, dental myocardial and musculoskeletal) and translational avenues in the field.

Human Biochemistry, Second Edition provides a comprehensive, pragmatic introduction to biochemistry as it relates to human development and disease. Here, Gerald Litwack, award-wining researcher and longtime teacher, discusses the biochemical aspects of organ systems and tissue, cells, proteins, enzymes, insulins and sugars, lipids, nucleic acids, amino acids, polypeptides, steroids, and vitamins and nutrition, among other topics. Fully updated to address recent advances, the new edition features fresh discussions on hypothalamic releasing hormones, DNA editing with CRISPR, new functions of cellular prions, plant-based diet and nutrition, and much more. Grounded in problem-driven learning, this new edition features clinical case studies, applications, chapter summaries, and review-based questions that translate basic biochemistry into clinical practice, thus empowering active clinicians, students and researchers.

Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome and Cannabinoid Hyperemesis comprehensively reviews the clinical features and pathophysiology of cyclic vomiting syndrome (CVS) and cannabinoid hyperemesis syndrome (CHS). This book differentiates the clinical presentation of CVS and CHS from other vomiting syndromes and provides the information necessary to diagnose and effectively treat these disorders. Compiled by expert CVS/CHS clinicians and written by physicians and researchers from several disciplines, this reference provides the most updated, evidence-based approaches, and summarizes the latest research on CVS/CHS. Important topics such as the neural systems that drive nausea and vomiting, clinical features of CVS/CHS including its subtypes, insights into pathogenesis, as well as the curious association of hot-water bathing associated with both of these disorders are all explored. This is a must-have reference for residents and fellows in training, as well as busy clinicians who care for patients with CVS and CHS across multiple care settings including ambulatory clinics, the emergency department, hospitals, and substance use/abuse treatment centers. It is also a useful reference for investigators with an interest in these vomiting disorders.