This volume presents original papers ranging from an experimental study on cavitation jets to an up-to-date mathematical analysis of the Navier-Stokes equations for free boundary problems, reflecting topics featured at the International Conference on Mathematical Fluid Dynamics, Present and Future, held 11-14 November 2014 at Waseda University in Tokyo. The contributions address subjects in one- and two-phase fluid flows, including cavitation, liquid crystal flows, plasma flows, and blood flows. Written by internationally respected experts, these papers highlight the connections between mathematical, experimental, and computational fluid dynamics. The book is aimed at a wide readership in mathematics and engineering, including researchers and graduate students interested in mathematical fluid dynamics.

This volume, which is dedicated to Heinz Langer, includes biographical material and carefully selected papers. Heinz Langer has made fundamental contributions to operator theory. In particular, he has studied the domains of operator pencils and nonlinear eigenvalue problems, the theory of indefinite inner product spaces, operator theory in Pontryagin and Krein spaces, and applications to mathematical physics. His works include studies on and applications of Schur analysis in the indefinite setting, where the factorization theorems put forward by Krein and Langer for generalized Schur functions, and by Dijksma-Langer-Luger-Shondin, play a key role. The contributions in this volume reflect Heinz Langer's chief research interests and will appeal to a broad readership whose work involves operator theory.

This book proves that Feynman's original definition of the path integral actually converges to the fundamental solution of the Schroedinger equation at least in the short term if the potential is differentiable sufficiently many times and its derivatives of order equal to or higher than two are bounded. The semi-classical asymptotic formula up to the second term of the fundamental solution is also proved by a method different from that of Birkhoff. A bound of the remainder term is also proved.The Feynman path integral is a method of quantization using the Lagrangian function, whereas Schroedinger's quantization uses the Hamiltonian function. These two methods are believed to be equivalent. But equivalence is not fully proved mathematically, because, compared with Schroedinger's method, there is still much to be done concerning rigorous mathematical treatment of Feynman's method. Feynman himself defined a path integral as the limit of a sequence of integrals over finite-dimensional spaces which is obtained by dividing the time interval into small pieces. This method is called the time slicing approximation method or the time slicing method.This book consists of two parts. Part I is the main part. The time slicing method is performed step by step in detail in Part I. The time interval is divided into small pieces. Corresponding to each division a finite-dimensional integral is constructed following Feynman's famous paper. This finite-dimensional integral is not absolutely convergent. Owing to the assumption of the potential, it is an oscillatory integral. The oscillatory integral techniques developed in the theory of partial differential equations are applied to it. It turns out that the finite-dimensional integral gives a finite definite value. The stationary phase method is applied to it. Basic properties of oscillatory integrals and the stationary phase method are explained in the book in detail.Those finite-dimensional integrals form a sequence of approximation of the Feynman path integral when the division goes finer and finer. A careful discussion is required to prove the convergence of the approximate sequence as the length of each of the small subintervals tends to 0. For that purpose the book uses the stationary phase method of oscillatory integrals over a space of large dimension, of which the detailed proof is given in Part II of the book. By virtue of this method, the approximate sequence converges to the limit. This proves that the Feynman path integral converges. It turns out that the convergence occurs in a very strong topology. The fact that the limit is the fundamental solution of the Schroedinger equation is proved also by the stationary phase method. The semi-classical asymptotic formula naturally follows from the above discussion.A prerequisite for readers of this book is standard knowledge of functional analysis. Mathematical techniques required here are explained and proved from scratch in Part II, which occupies a large part of the book, because they are considerably different from techniques usually used in treating the Schroedinger equation.

This monograph offers an introduction to finite Blaschke products and their connections to complex analysis, linear algebra, operator theory, matrix analysis, and other fields. Old favorites such as the Caratheodory approximation and the Pick interpolation theorems are featured, as are many topics that have never received a modern treatment, such as the Bohr radius and Ritt's theorem on decomposability. Deep connections to hyperbolic geometry are explored, as are the mapping properties, zeros, residues, and critical points of finite Blaschke products. In addition, model spaces, rational functions with real boundary values, spectral mapping properties of the numerical range, and the Darlington synthesis problem from electrical engineering are also covered. Topics are carefully discussed, and numerous examples and illustrations highlight crucial ideas. While thorough explanations allow the reader to appreciate the beauty of the subject, relevant exercises following each chapter improve technical fluency with the material. With much of the material previously scattered throughout mathematical history, this book presents a cohesive, comprehensive and modern exposition accessible to undergraduate students, graduate students, and researchers who have familiarity with complex analysis.

This book offers engineering students an introduction to the theory of partial differential equations and then guiding them through the modern problems in this subject. Divided into two parts, in the first part readers already well-acquainted with problems from the theory of differential and integral equations gain insights into the classical notions and problems, including differential operators, characteristic surfaces, Levi functions, Green's function, and Green's formulas. Readers are also instructed in the extended potential theory in its three forms: the volume potential, the surface single-layer potential and the surface double-layer potential. Furthermore, the book presents the main initial boundary value problems associated with elliptic, parabolic and hyperbolic equations. The second part of the book, which is addressed first and foremost to those who are already acquainted with the notions and the results from the first part, introduces readers to modern aspects of the theory of partial differential equations.

Complex, microstructured materials are widely used in industry and technology and include alloys, ceramics and composites. Focusing on non-destructive evaluation (NDE), this book explores in detail the mathematical modeling and inverse problems encountered when using ultrasound to investigate heterogeneous microstructured materials. The outstanding features of the text are firstly, a clear description of both linear and nonlinear mathematical models derived for modelling the propagation of ultrasonic deformation waves, and secondly, the provision of solutions to the corresponding inverse problems that determine the physical parameters of the models. The data are related to nonlinearities at both a macro- and micro- level, as well as to dispersion. The authors' goal has been to construct algorithms that allow us to determine the parameters within which we are required to characterize microstructure. To achieve this, the authors not only use conventional harmonic waves, but also propose a novel methodology based on using solitary waves in NDE. The book analyzes the uniqueness and stability of the solutions, in addition to providing numerical examples.

This book features papers presented during a special session on algebra, functional analysis, complex analysis, and pluripotential theory. Research articles focus on topics such as slow convergence, spectral expansion, holomorphic extension, m-subharmonic functions, pseudo-Galilean group, involutive algebra, Log-integrable measurable functions, Gibbs measures, harmonic and analytic functions, local automorphisms, Lie algebras, and Leibniz algebras. Many of the papers address the theory of harmonic functions, and the book includes a number of extensive survey papers. Graduate and researchers interested in functional analysis, complex analysis, operator algebras and non-associative algebras will find this book relevant to their studies. The special session was part of the second USA-Uzbekistan Conference on Analysis and Mathematical Physics held on August 8-12, 2017 at Urgench State University (Uzbekistan). The conference encouraged communication and future collaboration among U.S. mathematicians and their counterparts in Uzbekistan and other countries. Main themes included algebra and functional analysis, dynamical systems, mathematical physics and partial differential equations, probability theory and mathematical statistics, and pluripotential theory. A number of significant, recently established results were disseminated at the conference's scheduled plenary talks, while invited talks presented a broad spectrum of findings in several sessions. Based on a different session from the conference, Differential Equations and Dynamical Systems is also published in the Springer Proceedings in Mathematics & Statistics Series.

Hereditary systems (or systems with either delay or after-effects) are widely used to model processes in physics, mechanics, control, economics and biology. An important element in their study is their stability. Stability conditions for difference equations with delay can be obtained using a Lyapunov functional.
Lyapunov Functionals and Stability of Stochastic Difference Equations describes a general method of Lyapunov functional construction to investigate the stability of discrete- and continuous-time stochastic Volterra difference equations. The method allows the investigation of the degree to which the stability properties of differential equations are preserved in their difference analogues.
The text is self-contained, beginning with basic definitions and the mathematical fundamentals of Lyapunov functional construction and moving on from particular to general stability results for stochastic difference equations with constant coefficients. Results are then discussed for stochastic difference equations of linear, nonlinear, delayed, discrete and continuous types. Examples are drawn from a variety of physical systems including inverted pendulum control, study of epidemic development, Nicholson s blowflies equation and predator prey relationships.
Lyapunov Functionals and Stability of Stochastic Difference Equations is primarily addressed to experts in stability theory but will also be of use in the work of pure and computational mathematicians and researchers using the ideas of optimal control to study economic, mechanical and biological systems.

This textbook is a self-contained introduction to the abstract theory of bases and redundant frame expansions and their use in both applied and classical harmonic analysis. The four parts of the text take the reader from classical functional analysis and basis theory to modern time-frequency and wavelet theory. Extensive exercises complement the text and provide opportunities for learning-by-doing, making the text suitable for graduate-level courses. The self-contained presentation with clear proofs is accessible to graduate students, pure and applied mathematicians, and engineers interested in the mathematical underpinnings of applications.

This book gathers papers from the International Conference on Differential & Difference Equations and Applications 2017 (ICDDEA 2017), held in Lisbon, Portugal on June 5-9, 2017. The editors have compiled the strongest research presented at the conference, providing readers with valuable insights into new trends in the field, as well as applications and high-level survey results. The goal of the ICDDEA was to promote fruitful collaborations between researchers in the fields of differential and difference equations. All areas of differential and difference equations are represented, with a special emphasis on applications.

This book is a useful overview of results in multivariate probability distributions and multivariate analysis as well as a reference to harmonic analysis on symmetric cones adapted to the needs of researchers in analysis and probability theory.

This book presents the use of efficient Evolutionary Computation (EC) algorithms for solving diverse real-world image processing and pattern recognition problems. It provides an overview of the different aspects of evolutionary methods in order to enable the reader in reaching a global understanding of the field and, in conducting studies on specific evolutionary techniques that are related to applications in image processing and pattern recognition. It explains the basic ideas of the proposed applications in a way that can also be understood by readers outside of the field. Image processing and pattern recognition practitioners who are not evolutionary computation researchers will appreciate the discussed techniques beyond simple theoretical tools since they have been adapted to solve significant problems that commonly arise on such areas. On the other hand, members of the evolutionary computation community can learn the way in which image processing and pattern recognition problems can be translated into an optimization task. The book has been structured so that each chapter can be read independently from the others. It can serve as reference book for students and researchers with basic knowledge in image processing and EC methods.

This two-volume set presents combinatorial functional equations using an algebraic approach, and illustrates their applications in combinatorial maps, graphs, networks, etc. The second volume mainly presents several kinds of meson functional equations which are divided into three types: outer, inner and surface. It is suited for a wide readership, including pure and applied mathematicians, and also computer scientists.

In this monograph, we combine operator techniques with state space methods to solve factorization, spectral estimation, and interpolation problems arising in control and signal processing. We present both the theory and algorithms with some Matlab code to solve these problems. A classical approach to spectral factorization problems in control theory is based on Riccati equations arising in linear quadratic control theory and Kalman ?ltering. One advantage of this approach is that it readily leads to algorithms in the non-degenerate case. On the other hand, this approach does not easily generalize to the nonrational case, and it is not always transparent where the Riccati equations are coming from. Operator theory has developed some elegant methods to prove the existence of a solution to some of these factorization and spectral estimation problems in a very general setting. However, these techniques are in general not used to develop computational algorithms. In this monograph, we will use operator theory with state space methods to derive computational methods to solve factorization, sp- tral estimation, and interpolation problems. It is emphasized that our approach is geometric and the algorithms are obtained as a special application of the theory. We will present two methods for spectral factorization. One method derives al- rithms based on ?nite sections of a certain Toeplitz matrix. The other approach uses operator theory to develop the Riccati factorization method. Finally, we use isometric extension techniques to solve some interpolation problems.

Viability theory designs and develops mathematical and algorithmic methods for investigating the adaptation to viability constraints of evolutions governed by complex systems under uncertainty that are found in many domains involving living beings, from biological evolution to economics, from environmental sciences to financial markets, from control theory and robotics to cognitive sciences. It involves interdisciplinary investigations spanning fields that have traditionally developed in isolation. The purpose of this book is to present an initiation to applications of viability theory, explaining and motivating the main concepts and illustrating them with numerous numerical examples taken from various fields.

The Norbert Wiener Center for Harmonic Analysis and Applications provides a state-of-the-art research venue for the broad emerging area of mathematical engineering in the context of harmonic analysis. This two-volume set consists of contributions from speakers at the February Fourier Talks (FFT) from 2006-2011. The FFT are organized by the Norbert Wiener Center in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Maryland, College Park. These volumes span a large spectrum of harmonic analysis and its applications. They are divided into the following parts: Volume I * Sampling Theory * Remote Sensing * Mathematics of Data Processing * Applications of Data Processing Volume II * Measure Theory * Filtering * Operator Theory * Biomathematics Each part provides state-of-the-art results, with contributions from an impressive array of mathematicians, engineers, and scientists in academia, industry, and government. Excursions in Harmonic Analysis: The February Fourier Talks at the Norbert Wiener Center is an excellent reference for graduate students, researchers, and professionals in pure and applied mathematics, engineering, and physics.

Aimed at the community of mathematicians working on ordinary and partial differential equations, difference equations, and functional equations, this book contains selected papers based on the presentations at the International Conference on Differential & Difference Equations and Applications (ICDDEA) 2015, dedicated to the memory of Professor Georg Sell. Contributions include new trends in the field of differential and difference equations, applications of differential and difference equations, as well as high-level survey results. The main aim of this recurring conference series is to promote, encourage, cooperate, and bring together researchers in the fields of differential & difference equations. All areas of differential and difference equations are represented, with special emphasis on applications.

Written by internationally renowned mathematicians, this state-of-the-art textbook examines four research directions in harmonic analysis and features some of the latest applications in the field. The work is the first one that combines spline theory, wavelets, frames, and time-frequency methods leading up to a construction of wavelets on manifolds other than Rn.

Four Short Courses on Harmonic Analysis is intended as a graduate-level textbook for courses or seminars on harmonic analysis and its applications. The work is also an excellent reference or self-study guide for researchers and practitioners with diverse mathematical backgrounds working in different fields such as pure and applied mathematics, image and signal processing engineering, mathematical physics, and communication theory.

This book presents the various algebraic techniques for solving partial differential equations to yield exact solutions, techniques developed by the author in recent years and with emphasis on physical equations such as: the Maxwell equations, the Dirac equations, the KdV equation, the KP equation, the nonlinear Schrodinger equation, the Davey and Stewartson equations, the Boussinesq equations in geophysics, the Navier-Stokes equations and the boundary layer problems. In order to solve them, I have employed the grading technique, matrix differential operators, stable-range of nonlinear terms, moving frames, asymmetric assumptions, symmetry transformations, linearization techniques and special functions. The book is self-contained and requires only a minimal understanding of calculus and linear algebra, making it accessible to a broad audience in the fields of mathematics, the sciences and engineering. Readers may find the exact solutions and mathematical skills needed in their own research.

This unique text/reference presents a fresh look at nonlinear processing through nonlinear eigenvalue analysis, highlighting how one-homogeneous convex functionals can induce nonlinear operators that can be analyzed within an eigenvalue framework. The text opens with an introduction to the mathematical background, together with a summary of classical variational algorithms for vision. This is followed by a focus on the foundations and applications of the new multi-scale representation based on non-linear eigenproblems. The book then concludes with a discussion of new numerical techniques for finding nonlinear eigenfunctions, and promising research directions beyond the convex case. Topics and features: introduces the classical Fourier transform and its associated operator and energy, and asks how these concepts can be generalized in the nonlinear case; reviews the basic mathematical notion, briefly outlining the use of variational and flow-based methods to solve image-processing and computer vision algorithms; describes the properties of the total variation (TV) functional, and how the concept of nonlinear eigenfunctions relate to convex functionals; provides a spectral framework for one-homogeneous functionals, and applies this framework for denoising, texture processing and image fusion; proposes novel ways to solve the nonlinear eigenvalue problem using special flows that converge to eigenfunctions; examines graph-based and nonlocal methods, for which a TV eigenvalue analysis gives rise to strong segmentation, clustering and classification algorithms; presents an approach to generalizing the nonlinear spectral concept beyond the convex case, based on pixel decay analysis; discusses relations to other branches of image processing, such as wavelets and dictionary based methods. This original work offers fascinating new insights into established signal processing techniques, integrating deep mathematical concepts from a range of different fields, which will be of great interest to all researchers involved with image processing and computer vision applications, as well as computations for more general scientific problems.

"Discrete-Time Linear Systems: Theory and Design with Applications "combines system theory and design in order to show the importance of system theory and its role in system design. The book focuses on system theory (including optimal state feedback and optimal state estimation) and system design (with applications to feedback control systems and wireless transceivers, plus system identification and channel estimation).

The book is a collection of contributions devoted to analytical, numerical and experimental techniques of dynamical systems, presented at the International Conference on Dynamical Systems: Theory and Applications, held in od, Poland on December 2-5, 2013. The studies give deep insight into both the theory and applications of non-linear dynamical systems, emphasizing directions for future research. Topics covered include: constrained motion of mechanical systems and tracking control; diversities in the inverse dynamics; singularly perturbed ODEs with periodic coefficients; asymptotic solutions to the problem of vortex structure around a cylinder; investigation of the regular and chaotic dynamics; rare phenomena and chaos in power converters; non-holonomic constraints in wheeled robots; exotic bifurcations in non-smooth systems; micro-chaos; energy exchange of coupled oscillators; HIV dynamics; homogenous transformations with applications to off-shore slender structures; novel approaches to a qualitative study of a dissipative system; chaos of postural sway in humans; oscillators with fractional derivatives; controlling chaos via bifurcation diagrams; theories relating to optical choppers with rotating wheels; dynamics in expert systems; shooting methods for non-standard boundary value problems; automatic sleep scoring governed by delay differential equations; isochronous oscillations; the aerodynamics pendulum and its limit cycles; constrained N-body problems; nano-fractal oscillators and dynamically-coupled dry friction."

Developing algorithms for multi-dimensional Fourier transforms, this book presents results that yield highly efficient code on a variety of vector and parallel computers. By emphasising the unified basis for the many approaches to both one-dimensional and multidimensional Fourier transforms, this book not only clarifies the fundamental similarities, but also shows how to exploit the differences in optimising implementations. It will thus be of great interest not only to applied mathematicians and computer scientists, but also to seismologists, high-energy physicists, crystallographers, and electrical engineers working on signal and image processing.

The aim of this book is to provide a comprehensive account of higher dimensional Nevanlinna theory and its relations with Diophantine approximation theory for graduate students and interested researchers. This book with nine chapters systematically describes Nevanlinna theory of meromorphic maps between algebraic varieties or complex spaces, building up from the classical theory of meromorphic functions on the complex plane with full proofs in Chap. 1 to the current state of research. Chapter 2 presents the First Main Theorem for coherent ideal sheaves in a very general form. With the preparation of plurisubharmonic functions, how the theory to be generalized in a higher dimension is described. In Chap. 3 the Second Main Theorem for differentiably non-degenerate meromorphic maps by Griffiths and others is proved as a prototype of higher dimensional Nevanlinna theory. Establishing such a Second Main Theorem for entire curves in general complex algebraic varieties is a wide-open problem. In Chap. 4, the Cartan-Nochka Second Main Theorem in the linear projective case and the Logarithmic Bloch-Ochiai Theorem in the case of general algebraic varieties are proved. Then the theory of entire curves in semi-abelian varieties, including the Second Main Theorem of Noguchi-Winkelmann-Yamanoi, is dealt with in full details in Chap. 6. For that purpose Chap. 5 is devoted to the notion of semi-abelian varieties. The result leads to a number of applications. With these results, the Kobayashi hyperbolicity problems are discussed in Chap. 7. In the last two chapters Diophantine approximation theory is dealt with from the viewpoint of higher dimensional Nevanlinna theory, and the Lang-Vojta conjecture is confirmed in some cases. In Chap. 8 the theory over function fields is discussed. Finally, in Chap. 9, the theorems of Roth, Schmidt, Faltings, and Vojta over number fields are presented and formulated in view of Nevanlinna theory with results motivated by those in Chaps. 4, 6, and 7.

This unique text is an introduction to harmonic analysis on the simplest symmetric spaces, namely Euclidean space, the sphere, and the Poincare upper half plane. This book is intended for beginning graduate students in mathematics or researchers in physics or engineering. Written with an informal style, the book places an emphasis on motivation, concrete examples, history, and, above all, applications in mathematics, statistics, physics, and engineering.

Many corrections and updates have been incorporated in this new edition. Updates include discussions of P. Sarnak and others' work on quantum chaos, the work of T. Sunada, Marie-France Vigneras, Carolyn Gordon, and others on Mark Kac's question "Can you hear the shape of a drum?," A. Lubotzky, R. Phillips and P. Sarnak's examples of Ramanujan graphs, and, finally, the author's comparisons of continuous theory with the finite analogues.

Topics featured throughout the text include inversion formulas for Fourier transforms, central limit theorems, Poisson's summation formula and applications in crystallography and number theory, applications of spherical harmonic analysis to the hydrogen atom, the Radon transform, non-Euclidean geometry on the Poincare upper half plane H or unit disc and applications to microwave engineering, fundamental domains in H for discrete groups, tessellations of H from such discrete group actions, automorphic forms, and the Selberg trace formula and its applications in spectral theory as well as number theory."