This text serves as a convenient one-stop resource on the pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of kidney diseases in context of advanced heart failure and presence of ventricular assist devices. Advances in managing heart failure, evidence-based practices and therapies are covered, along with the management of this unique and complex subset of patients. The book also provides insights into combined heart and kidney transplantation. Authored by leaders in nephrology, cardiology and transplantation, this book fills a critical knowledge gap in understanding and treating patients with acute or chronic dysfunction of the heart and kidneys and how one induces dysfunction in the other organ.

It is a great pleasure for me to contribute a brief introduction to this volume, to which so many of my colleagues at Groote Schuur Hospital and the University of Cape Town Medical School have contributed. Though considerable advances have been made in preventing or treating the complications of heart transplantation, even today a transplant pro gramme remains a major undertaking for a hospital team. The acquisition of a sufficient number of donor hearts, the maintenance of viability of those hearts, and the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic rejection and infection remain major challenges to those caring for patients undergoing this operation. A transplant programme draws into it medical, surgical, nursing and paramedical staff from all quarters of the hospital and medical school, and requires sustained interest and dedication if patients are to be brought successfully through the procedure. If relevant experimental research is also to be carried out at such a centre, which in my opinion is essential, then an even greater number of highly skilled and creative people is required. A few of the authors of this book have been involved with the Groote Schuur heart transplant programme since its inception in December 1967 with the operation on Louis Washkansky. I am sure that none of them (nor I) had any idea of the public interest this operation would attract."

This book explores the non-interventional aspects of interventional pulmonology, focusing on diseases of the central airways. As the field of bronchology and interventional pulmonology expands, newer conditions involving the central airways are being recognized with increasing frequency. Current literature has mainly focused on technical aspects of the subspecialty, but this book illuminates what else interventional pulmonology has to offer the pulmonologist, including diagnosis and alternate therapeutic options. Diseases of the Central Airways: A Clinical Guide presents techniques for the diagnoses, management and treatment of patients with intriguing central airway conditions such as: black bronchoscopy, tracheobronchomalacia, endobronchial tuberculosis, and tracheobronchopathia osteochondroplastica. In-depth chapters are written by international experts and are up-to-date and comprehensive reviews. This important new book will contribute significantly to the welfare of patients with lung ailments of the central airways.

This book describes the molecular mechanisms of lung cancer development and progression that determine therapeutic interventions in the era of genomics, when the rapid evolution in lung cancer diagnosis and treatment necessitates critical review of new results to integrate advances into practice. The text opens with background and emerging information regarding the molecular biology of lung cancer pathogenesis. Updated results regarding lung cancer prevention and screening are discussed, followed by chapters on diagnostic techniques and pathological evaluation. This leads on to a detailed presentation of treatment modalities, from surgery and radiation therapy to standard chemotherapy and targeted agents. The coverage includes resistance to therapy and the emergence of immunotherapy for lung cancer; in addition, the current evidence in respect of small cell lung cancer is summarized. The book presents insights from experts across disciplines to emphasize the importance of collaborative care. Advances in our understanding of issues in geriatric oncology and palliative care complete the comprehensive discussion of lung cancer.

This text provides a comprehensive, state-of-the-art review of catheter based approaches to valve and aortic diseases. The scope encompasses involve all the current and upcoming transcatheter aortic valve technologies as well as mitral, pulmonary and tricuspid valve technologies. Aortic diseases including transcatheter repair of descending aneurysms are included and the upcoming technologies designed to repair aortic dissections, traumatic injury, and ascending arch stent repair are highlighted. Catheter Based Valve and Aortic Surgery will be a useful tool for cardiac and vascular surgeons, interventional cardiologists, general cardiologists, and clinicians and researchers with an interest in these exciting new developments in structural heart and vascular diseases.

For many years, there has been a great deal of work done on chronic congestive heart failure while acute heart failure has been considered a difficult to handle and hopeless syndrome. However, in recent years acute heart failure has become a growing area of study and this is the first book to cover extensively the diagnosis and management of this complex condition. The book reflects the considerable amounts of new data reported and many new concepts which have been proposed in the last 3-4 years looking at the epidemiology, diagnostic and treatment of acute heart failure.

There is no standard textbook at this time on endovascular management of thoracic aortic pathologies. Atlas of Thoracic Aortic Endografting contains clinical case scenarios as well as controversies to highlight the use of this new technology. The various aortic pathologies are discussed, combining etiology, diagnostic tools like intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) and 64 slice CT scans which are all state of the art technologies, endovascular treatment, management of endoleaks, reinterventions combined with techniques of trouble shooting. This book highlights the new changes in the management of thoracic aortic diseases.

Cardiac disorders are an exciting area of classic pathology and recently defined disease. Cardiac Pathology: A Guide to Current Practice discusses the various disorders and also provides a backdrop of developmental embryology, diagnostic imaging and current therapeutics. Cardiac Pathology: A Guide to Current Practice aims to deliver in bench-book format a comprehensive overview of cardiac pathology that is relevant to those practicing in surgical pathology and autopsy arenas. Clear illustrations of the common styles of dissection are provided along with the normal anatomy and histology. Chapters cover the approach to the autopsy heart, ischemic heart disease, myocarditis, sudden death, valvular disease, transplant pathology, cardiomyopathy, cardiac neoplasia and congenital heart disease with a clear analysis of diagnostic criteria (macroscopic, microscopic and genetic) for both common cardiac diseases and those of rare format. The text is accompanied by high-quality macroscopic and microscopic images and references to other in-depth specialty data sources. Although aimed in particular at pathologists, Cardiac Pathology: A Guide to Current Practice should also be of value to cardiologists, cardiothoracic surgeons and other professions allied to medicine.

This important new book presents advancements in the treatment and prevention of Atrial Fibrillation (AF). The reader is provided with the latest information that is critically important in the daily care and for the potential cure of patients with AF. Each chapter deals with a different aspect of AF and each chapter is authored by internationally recognized experts in the evolving field of cardiac electrophysiology. This book is a single source that provides a multi-perspective look at and approach to AF. Because AF is so prevalent and affects all areas of medicine, the information in this book will be useful to all those in the medical field.

This book presents and describes a series of informative clinical cases with the aim of providing the reader with a clear understanding of the most frequent and challenging scenarios that a cardiologist may face during daily clinical practice. All major topics in modern clinical cardiology are addressed, including acute ischemic heart disease, conditions that mimic ischemic heart disease, heart failure and resynchronization therapy, cardiomyopathy, valvular heart disease, arrhythmias and channelopathies. Guidance is provided on imaging techniques and their interpretation, patient management taking into account potential comorbidities and follow-up appropriate to the clinical circumstances. The paradigmatic clinical cases in this book will serve as a sound basis for learning for medical students, residents and others wishing to meet successfully the challenges posed by cardiac disease. In addition, the book will be a very useful reference for the more experienced cardiologist.

The two previous editions of Applied Physiology in Intensive Care Medicine proved extremely successful, and the book has now been revised and split into two volumes to enhance ease of use. In this second volume some of the most renowned experts in the field offer detailed reviews on measurement techniques and physiological processes of crucial importance in intensive care medicine. Throughout, a key aim is to help overcome the fundamental unevenness in clinicians' understanding of applied physiology, which can lead to suboptimal treatment decisions. Applied Physiology in Intensive Care has been written by some of the most renowned experts in the field and provides an up-to-date compendium of practical bedside knowledge essential to the effective delivery of acute care medicine. It will serve the clinician as an invaluable reference source on key issues regularly confronted in everyday practice.

T e four heart valves reside in the center of the heart. T is indicates their crucial role in cardiac performance. Fau- less function of the valves is a prerequisite for unidir- tional forward movement of the blood, and such function is necessary to support the ef orts of the cardiac atria and ventricles. Healthy heart valves function gracefully and of er mechanical durability. Bioengineers have to marvel at the biomechanical evolution of these perfectly placed valves. Heart valves can be involved in pathological processes, however, and only then do we realize just how indispensable they really are. At one time, serious valve disorders used to be a matter of life and death for patients. Only in recent decades have surgeons been able to reverse the ominous course of heart valve disease and of er patients a quality of life and life span comparable to that of healthy persons. T e story of this ef ort began approximately 100 years ago, and today heart valve surgery is a substantial subspecialty of cardiac surgery, with accumulated experience in indications, procedures, risks, and outcomes. T e aim of this book is to present a richly illustrated compendium of the present knowledge related to heart valve surgery, based on the clinical expertise of the authors as well as the newest treatment modalities. T e authors thank Dr. Alireeza Matloobi from the Mayo Clinic for his help in preparating the book.

This book provides information on the acquired and genetic basis of aortic diseases as well as giving a global perspective on therapeutic alternatives. The new concept of a team approach with surgeons working together with both interventional radiologists and specialists to repair the aorta is the trademark of this book. New material and new viewpoints are provided to practicing physicians in this modern approach to the treatment of disorders of the aorta.

It is now 20 years since thoracoscopic surgery first entered everyday hospital practice, revolutionizing surgery and offering major benefits to patients. The intervening years have witnessed rapid progress, with the development of a variety of specialized techniques and equipment. This superbly illustrated book provides authoritative and comprehensive descriptions of the various minimally invasive techniques that are currently employed in thoracic and cardiac surgery. A wide range of thoracoscopic procedures are explained and discussed, and detailed attention is also paid to robotic and robot-assisted surgical techniques. Throughout, the emphasis is on clear description of procedures and identification of practical aspects of relevance in surgical practice. The authors are some of the world's most experienced thoracic and cardiac surgeons, and many of them have contributed greatly to the exploration and development of the field.

Introduction to CT scan and MRI.- Anomalous systemic venous connections.- Anomalous pulmonary venous connections.- Atrial septal defect.- Unroofed coronary sinus.- Atrioventricular septal defect.- Ventricular septal defect.- Tetralogy of Fallot.- Tetralogy of Fallot with absent pulmonary valve.- Pulmonary atresia with intact ventricular septum.- Ebstein's anomaly.- Patent ductus arteriosus.- Left ventricular outflow tract obstruction.- Aortic coarctation.- Aortic arch interruption.- Complete transposition of the great arteries.- Hypoplastic left heart syndrome.- Cor triatriatum.- Tricuspid atresia.- Single ventricle.- Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect.- Truncus arteriosus.- Aorto-pulmonary window.- Anomalous pulmonary arteries.- Anomalous coronary arteries.- Double outlet right ventricle.- Double discordance.- Isomerism.- Slings and rings.

Imaging of the aortic root.- Perioperative imaging for assessing aortic and mitral valve diseases and surgical procedures.- Innovations in aortic valve surgery.- The aortic root.- Percutaneous transluminal aortic valve replacement: The CoreValve prosthesis.- Transapical aortic valve implantation - A truly minimally invasive option for high-risk patients.- From minimally invasive to percutaneous aortic valve replacement.- Sutureless equine aortic valve replacement.- The Ross operation: Aortic valve and root replacement with pulmonary autograft.- Pulmonary autograft or aortic allograft for surgical treatment of active infective aortic valve endocarditis: a review of the literature.- The Ross operation: two decades of clinical experience.- Aortic valve repair and valve sparing root procedures.- The bicuspid aortic valve.- From dynamic anatomy to conservative aortic valve surgery: the tale of the ring.- Yacoub/David techniques for aortic root operation: success and failures.- Aortic annuloplasty.- Correction of aortic valve incompetence combined with ascending aortic aneurysm by relocation of the aortic valve plane through a short-length aortic graft replacement.- Using BioGlue to achieve hemostasis in aortic root surgery.- Endocarditis.- Challenges in the surgical management of infective endocarditis.- Clinical results of the Shelhigh(R) stentless bioprosthesis in patients with active infective endocarditis: .- Double valve endocarditis and evolving paraannular abscess formation.- Aortic root abscess: reconstruction of the left ventricular outflow tract and allograft aortic valve and root replacement.- Implantation techniques of freehand subcoronary aortic valve and root replacement with a cryopreserved allograft for aortic root abscess.- Surgery for atrial fibrillation.- Cryoablation for the treatment of atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing minimally invasive mitral valve surgery.- Minimally invasive endoscopic ablation on the beating heart in patients with lone atrial fibrillation.- Hemodynamic evaluation of the bioprosthetic aortic valves.- Evaluation of bioprosthetic valve performance as a function of geometric orifice area and space efficiency- A reliable alternative to effective orifice area.- Long-term results of biological valves.- Stented and stentless aortic bioprostheses: competitive or complimentary?.- Edwards Prima Plus Stentless Bioprosthesis: Long-term clinical and hemodynamic results.- The Cryo-Life O'Brien stentless valve: 1991-2008.- Medtronic stentless Freestyle(R) porcine aortic valve replacement.- The ATS 3f Aortic Bioprosthesis.- The Vascutek Elan stentless porcine prosthesis - The Glasgow experience.- Sorin pericardial valves.- The changing role of pericardial tissue in biological valve surgery: 22 years' experience with the Sorin Mitroflow stented pericardial valve.- 20 years' durability of Carpentier-Edwards Perimount stented pericardial aortic valve.- Twenty-year experience with the St. Jude Medical Biocor bioprosthesis in the aortic position.- 20-Year durability of bioprostheses in the aortic position.- Clinical results including hemodynamic performance of the Medtronic Mosaic porcine bioprosthesis up to ten years.- Aortic root replacement with the BioValsalva prosthesis.- Valve replacement in renal dialysis patients: bioprostheses versus mechanical prostheses.- Replacement of bioprostheses after structural valve deterioration.- Predictors of patient's outcome.- Predicted outcomes after aortic valve replacement in octogenarians with aortic stenosis.- Predicted patient outcome after bioprosthetic AVR and the Ross operation.- Anticoagulation.- Anticoagulation and self-management of INR: mid-term results.- Tissue engineering.- Biomatrix-polymer hybrid material for heart valve tissue engineering.- Standards for the in vitro fabrication of heart valves using human umbilical cord cells.- Tissue engineering with a decellularized valve matrix.- Regularatory issues on tissue valves.- Human tissues for car

Although cardiac surgery has made an enormous progress during the last decades, the discipline has to cope with essential changes: Patients are increasingly cared for by cardiologists and therefore referred to the surgeon in a later stage of disease. Consequently, they are more often in an increasingly serious state or in advanced age with significant comorbidities. In order to meet the requirements of these different patient groups, cardiosurgical treatments require special protectional strategies for the heart in order to perform the planned operations safely. This book presents the latest knowledge of modern techniques of myocardial protection taking into consideration the different patient groups and current scientific strategies. Furthermore, it discusses present and future scientific approaches in myocardial protection and preservation.

This book is a valuable resource on the subject of off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) surgery, which has recently been developed as a promising technique for reducing surgical damage to patients. Because of the increasing number of older patients who are candidates for a coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) operation, less-invasive surgeries are becoming a priority all over the world. Despite some challenges, such as its technical difficulties, emerging questions, and controversies involved, OPCAB surgery in CABG is now the gold standard in Japan. This book, written by OPCAB experts, examines the procedure established and its chief benefits. Its coverage ranges from a careful evaluation of the evidence for and against OPCAB surgery to preoperative and intraoperative management of patients undergoing coronary bypass surgery. It also contains a description of advanced techniques for every aspect of the procedure. The authors[share essential insights into the latest trends in cardiovascular surgery for professionals and residents, presenting detailed descriptions of the exposure of the heart, stabilization of each coronary artery target, construction of distal anastomoses, and other important factors. The book offers an invaluable reference guide for cardiac surgeons, cardiologists, anesthesiologists, and other medical staff in operating rooms around the world.

Written by internationally acclaimed specialists, Cardio-Thoracic, Vascular, Renal and Transplant Surgery provides pertinent and concise procedure descriptions spanning benign and malignant problems and minimally invasive procedures. Complications are reviewed when appropriate for the organ system and problem, creating a book that is both comprehensive and accessible. Stages of operative approaches with relevant technical considerations are outlined in an easily understandable manner. Forming part of the series, Surgery: Complications, Risks and Consequences, this volume Cardio-Thoracic, Vascular, Renal and Transplant Surgery provides a valuable resource for all general surgeons and residents in training. Other healthcare providers will also find this a useful resource.

Vascular care has evolved from conservative therapy and open surgical therapy to a minimally invasive approach using endovascular techniques, laparoscopic or thoracoscopic techniques as well as hybrids of open and endovascular techniques. This volume provides up-to-the-minute information and details new developments and procedures.

The complexity of decision making in thoracic surgery is growing exponentially. As new technology is introduced, physicians from nonsurgical specialties offer alternative and competing therapies for what was once the exclusive province of the thoracic surgeon. In addition, there is increasing knowledge regarding the efficacy of traditional thoracic surgical therapies. How to select among these varied and complex approaches is becoming increasingly difficult. The first two editions of this book have found wide acceptance among practicing surgeons, trainees, and educators. Chapters from them are regularly cited by the Thoracic Surgery Directors Association as valuable resources for their weekly curriculum exercises. As in the first two editions, chapters adhere to a specific format (updated for the third edition). This approach provides uniformity to the presentations, making it possible to identify useful material at a glance.

This comprehensive resource brings together the most current theories, evidence and best practice parameters for the use of nocturnal non-invasive ventilation (nNIV). Chapters focus on the application of acute and chronic nNIV in patients with cardio-respiratory disorders over a range of major medical settings. Updates on past and recent research in this field are highlighted. Authored by leading clinicians and investigators, Nocturnal Non-Invasive Ventilation provides practical and cutting-edge knowledge to physicians, researchers and allied health professionals on the front lines of treating cardio-respiratory and sleep disorders.

Redo cardiac surgeries are challenging cases with a myriad of influential factors, ranging from the patient's pathology to the whimsy of the previous surgeon. Redo Cardiac Surgery in Adults, 2nd Edition clearly outlines practical approaches, surgical techniques, and management of associated conditions such as perioperative stroke and acute kidney function. It covers the spectrum of redo cardiac operations, including coronary artery bypass, mitral valve repair, reoperation for prosthetic mitral valve endocarditis, aortic arch reoperation, descending and thoracoabdominal aortic reoperation, and reoperations following endovascular aortic repair. All redo cardiac surgeries present a complex array of challenges beyond what the original procedure demands. This book, written by an outstanding group of prominent physicians, will give the reader the knowledge and tools to approach these cases with confidence.

Designed to provide a highly visual reference for surgeons and other members of the patient management team, Atlas of Intestinal Stomas is based on the 1967 gold standard text, Turnbull and Weakly's Atlas of Intestinal Stomas. Additions include chapters on anatomy and physiology, biliary stomas, pediatric ostomies, the continent ileostomy, urostomy, laparoscopic stoma construction, stomas in trauma surgery, stomas for antegrade continence enema, percutaneous ostomies, and quality of life. There are also sections on ileostomy, colostomy, enterostomal therapy and on the management of complications of stomas such as management of the high output ostomy, enterocutaneous fistula, parastomal hernia, prolapse, and skin conditions. The Cleveland Clinic pioneered the entire practice of ostomies, beginning in 1858 and continuing to this day as the world's leading academic and clinical center. The editors and contributors are all current or former Cleveland Clinic physicians and instructors. The fundamental focus of the book is not only how to install ostomies, but how to avoid complications and how to treat complications when they arise. Atlas of Intestinal Stomas will be of great value to colorectal and general surgeons, both in practice and in training.

Modern biological understanding is the basis for a multimodality treatment of a tumor. 'Anatomic Basis of Tumor Surgery' is the only book that provides an anatomic basis and description of tumor surgery based on an understanding of both the anatomy and biology of tumor progression. It presents the regional anatomy to allow tailoring of the operation as demanded.