This book covers the most important methodologies reported for stereoselective organocatalysis, based not only on the activation mode but also the type of bond formed. Starting with an introduction laying out the different activation modes, the chapters move on to describe the most important methodologies for the formation of key chemical bonds, including carbon-carbon (C-C), carbon-nitrogen (C-N), and carbon-halogen (C-X) bonds. It features an organization and approach useful for both students and practicing chemists in industry.

Studies of free radicals on surfaces are of interest for several reasons: the spontaneous or stimulated formation of radicals from adsorbed molecules may represent one possible mechanism for heterogeneous catalysis. In some cases the radicals are ionic, indicating that primary oxidation and reduction reactions occur. Radicals can also be used as probes to investigate diffusion processes on catalytic surfaces. The first direct observations were made more than 30 years ago, but detailed studies of structure, reactions and mobility have only recently become feasible with the advent of powerful spectroscopic techniques, to a great extent developed and used by the contributors to this volume. This comprehensive review describes new trends in the field. Leading experts write about the nature of surface active sites, methods to identify them, and the radicals formed from adsorbed molecules interacting with the surface. The emphasis is on the fundamentals covering thermal, photostimulated and radiation induced reactions as well as diffusion processes. This provides the necessary background for technological applications. This book will be useful to those who are interested in surface chemistry, heterogeneous catalysis as well as those who want to study reactive intermediates in chemical reactions. It is also of interest to scientists in photo and radiation physics and chemistry.

This volume looks at modern approaches to catalysis and reviews the extensive literature. Chapters highlight microkinetic modeling, encapsulated metals for confined catalysis, recent advances on the direct decomposition of NOx and heteropolyacid catalysts. There is also a chapter reviewing methods for estimating adsorption energies on catalytic surfaces, which will provide information from both fundamental and technological points of view. Appealing broadly to researchers in academia and industry, the detailed chapters bridge the gap from academic studies in the laboratory to practical applications in industry, not only for the catalysis field, but also for environmental protection. The book will be of great benefit to any researcher wanting a succinct reference on developments in this area now and looking to the future.

This book systematically summarizes the advanced development of carbon-based nanomaterials for electrochemical catalysis, and it is comprised of four sections. The first section discusses about the fundamental synthesis, characterization techniques, and catalytic effects on the energy conversion and storage mechanism. The second section elaborately reviews various types of electrocatalytic reactions on carbon-based materials and their performance. The third section focuses on batteries about carbon-based materials with different storage mechanism. And the last one, the following enlightenment in terms of theoretical development and experimental research is provided to the general readers: 1) Precise design and construction of local atomic and electronic structures at the interface of catalysts; 2) Selective activation and directed conversion of carbon-based energy-carrying molecules at the interface; 3) Interaction mechanism and regulation of catalyst solid surface interface properties under environment and external field. This book will be useful for researchers and students who are interested in carbon-based nanomaterials, electrochemical catalysts and energy storage.

The demand for novel efficient and environmentally sustainable chemo, regio- and stereoselective catalyst systems for the oxidation of organic substrates is continuously growing in line with toughening economic and environmental constraints. This book addresses these issues; it consists of eleven chapters written by world-recognized experts in green and sustainable oxidation catalysis. The most urgent and challenging topics, in the judgment of the editor, such as green asymmetric epoxidations, sulfoxidatiuons, C-H oxidations; oxidation catalysis by polyoxometalates and oxidations in non-conventional solvents, etc. have been critically reviewed in this book. Both fundamental aspects, such as catalysts design, catalytic properties, nature of catalytically active sites and reaction mechanisms, and practical outlook of the oxidations have been addressed by the authors. The book appeals to a broad readership, particularly graduate students, employees of universities and research organizations, and industrial researchers, particularly those working in the areas of homogeneous oxidation catalysis, asymmetric synthesis, organocatalysis, sustainable catalytic processes and green chemistry, mechanisms of catalytic reactions, synthesis of bioactive compounds, biomimetic chemistry, etc. Konstantin Bryliakov is Leading Researcher at the Boreskov Institute of Catalysis. In 2016, he was elected Honorary Professor of the Russian Academy of Sciences.

Homogeneous catalysis plays an important role both in the laboratory and in the industry. Successful applications in industry involve new polymerisation processes with complexes of zirconium and related metals, new carbonylation processes employing palladium and rhodium, ring opening polymerisations, and new enantioselective isomerisation catalysts as in the preparation of menthol. Also in the synthesis of organic compounds in the laboratory highly selective homogeneous catalysts represent an irreplaceable part of the toolbox of the synthetic chemist. Examples of such reactions are cross-coupling (Ni, Pd), nucleophilic substitution of allylpalladium complexes, Heck reactions (Pd), asymmetric epoxidation, Wacker type reactions (Pd), asymmetric hydrogenations (Rh, Ru), reactions of chromium complexes, enantioselective reactions with Lewis acids, reactions with the McMurry reagent, etc. There is hardly any multistep organic synthesis that does not involve one of these metal catalysed reactions. Most of these catalysts have been developed by empiricism. The metal catalysed processes consist of a series of elementary steps which often have been studied in isolation in organometallic chemistry. The knowl- edge of such elementary steps - effect ofligands, anions, coordination number, valence states - has greatly contributed to the development of improved cata- lysts for the reactions mentioned above. In addition to the empirical approach theoretical methods have given support and guidance to the development of improved processes. Often the key steps of a cycle escape from a direct ob- servation and then theoretical contributions are even more wanted.

Handbook of Spent Hydroprocessing Catalysts, Second Edition, covers all aspects of spent hydroprocessing catalysts, both regenerable and non-regenerable. It contains detailed information on hazardous characteristics of spent and regenerated catalysts. The information forms a basis for determining processing options to make decisions on whether spent catalysts can be either reused on refinery site after regeneration or used as the source of new materials. For non-regenerable spent catalysts, attention is paid to safety and ecological implications of utilizing landfill and other waste handling and storage options to ensure environmental acceptance. As such, this handbook can be used as a benchmark document to develop threshold limits of regulated species.

The series Topics in Organometallic Chemistry presents critical overviews of research results in organometallic chemistry. As our understanding of organometallic structure, properties and mechanisms increases, new ways are opened for the design of organometallic compounds and reactions tailored to the needs of such diverse areas as organic synthesis, medical research, biology and materials science. Thus the scope of coverage includes a broad range of topics of pure and applied organometallic chemistry, where new breakthroughs are being achieved that are of significance to a larger scientific audience. The individual volumes of Topics in Organometallic Chemistry are thematic. Review articles are generally invited by the volume editors. All chapters from Topics in Organometallic Chemistry are published OnlineFirst with an individual DOI. In references, Topics in Organometallic Chemistry is abbrev iated as Top Organomet Chem and cited as a journal.

The demand for hydroprocessing catalysts has shown an increasing trend, because of their applications in refining of petroleum and biofuels, in order to comply with strict environmental regulations controlling emissions from transportation vehicles.Transport fuel is dominated by fossil fuels with carbon emission intensive production methods. If we are to move away from these sources, the alternative is to produce liquid fuels from agricultural stocks - crops, crop waste, forestry waste or algae. Converting these feedstocks into high quality fuels is a considerable challenge.By describing the current status in processing agricultural feedstock into high quality liquid transport fuels, the authors set out the means to develop better chemistry and catalysis for the necessary conversion processes. This book offers an intriguing insight into the mechanisms and protocols involved in new hydroprocessing catalysts and processes, and covers the methods for upgrading these liquids to modern transport vehicles suitable for operation in modern gasoline and diesel engines.It provides an introduction to the mechanism of hydroprocessing reactions, application of different metals in hydroprocessing, the effect of catalyst supports, applications in refining new feedstock, renewable fuels standards, the management of spent hydroprocessing catalysts, and hydrogen production.Hydroprocessing Catalysts and Processes will prove useful for both researchers in academe and industry concerned with future fuels development and treatment to produce current and future liquid transport fuels.

This book proposes a novel concept for molecular recognition. In the field of asymmetric synthesis approaching the mature science, asymmetric discrimination and catalytic synthesis of chiral supramolecules still stand as unsolved problems. The extreme difficulty in asymmetric synthesis of such supramolecules may result from the mobile nature of supramolecular chirality. Here the author shows the first highly enantioselective synthesis of mechanically chiral supramolecules. In the presence of a chiral organocatalyst, a mechanically planar chiral rotaxane was obtained with p erfect enantiopurity (>99% ee) with an excellent selectivity. The dynamic and flexible recognition mode enabled asymmetric synthesis of supramolecules with conformational flexibility and mobility. The recognition mode of the catalyst is a contrast to the traditional static and rigid recognition mode of the typical conventional catalysts. The concept of dynamic molecular recognition will be adopted as a novel concept in a wide range of fields beyond the field of organic chemistry, including material chemistry, biochemistry, and medicinal chemistry.

Catalysts are increasingly used by chemists engaged in fine chemical synthesis within both industry and academia. Today, there exists a huge choice of high-tech catalysts, which add enormously to the repertoire of synthetic possibilities. However, catalysts are occasionally capricious, sometimes difficult to use and almost always require both skill and experience in order to achieve optimal results. This series aims to be a practical help for advanced undergraduate, graduate and postgraduate students, as well as experienced chemists in industry and academia working in organic and organometallic synthesis.

The series features:

• Tested and validated procedures.

• Authoritative reviews on classes of catalysts.

• Assessments of all types of catalysts.

• Expertise from the Leverhulme Centre for Innovative Catalysis, Liverpool, UK.

Arguably, catalysis by polyoxometalates has been one of the most successful areas in fundamental and applied catalysis in the last few decades. Industry is using these catalysts for a number of large-scale chemical processes. On the other hand, the enormous versatility of polyoxometalates offers significant opportunities for clean synthesis of fine and speciality chemicals. Much research is focussed on the use of these catalysts in laboratory scale synthesis.

The second volume in the series presents a survey of recent developments in catalysis by polyoxometalates for fine chemicals synthesis. One chapter concentrates on the practical preparation of specific acid and oxidation catalysts. Other chapters describe in detail the use in homogeneous and heterogeneous syntheses.

Over the past decade, much research effort has been devoted to the design and synthesis of new reagents and catalysts that can influence carbon-hydrogen bond activation, mainly because of the prospect that C H activation could enable the conversion of cheap and abundant alkanes into valuable functionalized organic compounds.

"Alkane C-H Activation by Single-Site Metal Catal"ysis presents the current state-of-the-art development in the catalytic systems for the catalytic trans-formations of alkanes under homogeneous conditions. Chapter 1 offers a comprehensive summary of the main discoveries realized so far. Chapter 2 reviews the so-called electrophilic activation, initiated by Shulpin in the late 60s, and the base for the Catalytica system. Chapter 3 examines the catalytic borylation of alkanes, discovered by Hartwig, whereas chapter 4 provides an updated vision of the alkane dehydrogenation reaction. Chapter 5 covers the oxygenation of C-H bonds, a field of enormous interest with bioinorganic im-plications, and finally chapter 6 presents the functionalization of alkane C-H bonds by carbene or nitrene insertion.

The history of C-H bond activation, and the current research described in this book, highlight the current research and present the reader with an outlook of this field which continues to be explored by an increasingly visionary and enthusiastic group of organic, organometallic, biological and physical chemists."

New Materials for Catalytic Applications proposes the use of both new and existing materials for catalytic applications, such as zeolites, metal oxides, microporous and mesoporous materials, and monocrystals. In addition, metal-oxides are discussed from a new perspective, i.e. nano- and photocatalytic applications. The material presents these concepts with a new focus on strategies in synthesis, synthesis based on a rational design, the correlation between basic properties/potential applications, and new catalytic solutions for acid-base, redox, hydrogenation, photocatalytic reactions, etc.

This much-needed resource brings together a wealth of procedures for the synthesis and practical use of diazocarbonyl compounds. It features methods for the preparation of important catalysts and for applications of diazocarbonyl compounds within each of the main transformation categories-including in-depth coverage of cyclopropanation, C-H and X-H insertion, Wolff rearrangement, ylide formation, aromatic cycloaddition and substitution, and many other useful reactions.
Written by leading experts in the field, this book contains cutting-edge material on highly enantioselective transformations, and presents new ways of thinking about diazocarbonyl compounds and their applications, from donor-acceptor cyclopropanes in organic synthesis to macrocyclic cyclopropanation.
Complete with illustrative examples of procedures in each chapter, clear diagrams, and a detailed bibliography, this practical reference gives readers the tools they need to put diazocarbonyl compounds to work for their own projects-an invaluable source of guidance for synthetic organic chemists, chemical scientists, and advanced students.

Ana Escribano Cuesta's thesis presents a detailed study of the inter- and intramolecular reactions of carbonyl compounds with 1,6 -enynes using gold (I) complexes. An important part of the work involved streamlining the variables that allow the selective synthesis of different products such as tricyclic compounds, dihydropyrans, 1,3-dienes or cyclobutenes. The second chapter highlights the importance and difficulties in synthesising a cyclobutene subunit and the author includes a detailed description of how the products were prepared. The final chapter outlines the synthesis of lundurines using methodology developed by the author's research group for intramolecular gold-catalyzed cyclization of indoles with alkynes. The lundurine products developed in this work show significant in vitro cytoxicity toward B16 melanoma cells. The work in this thesis has led to a number of publications in high- profile chemistry journals.

Advances in Catalysis fills the gap between the journal papers and textbooks across the diverse areas of catalysis research. For more than 60 years, this series has been dedicated to recording progress in the field of catalysis, providing the scientific community with comprehensive and authoritative reviews. This series is an invaluable and comprehensive resource for chemical engineers and chemists working in the field of catalysis in both academia and industry.

Catalysis by Materials with Well-Defined Structures examines the latest developments in the use of model systems in fundamental catalytic science. A team of prominent experts provides authoritative, first-hand information, helping readers better understand heterogeneous catalysis by utilizing model catalysts based on uniformly nanostructured materials. The text addresses topics and issues related to material synthesis, characterization, catalytic reactions, surface chemistry, mechanism, and theoretical modeling, and features a comprehensive review of recent advances in catalytic studies on nanomaterials with well-defined structures, including nanoshaped metals and metal oxides, nanoclusters, and single sites in the areas of heterogeneous thermal catalysis, photocatalysis, and electrocatalysis. Users will find this book to be an invaluable, authoritative source of information for both the surface scientist and the catalysis practitioner

Barry Trost: Transition metal catalyzed allylic alkylation.- Jeffrey W. Bode: Reinventing Amide Bond Formation.- Naoto Chatani and Mamoru Tobisu: Catalytic Transformations Involving the Cleavage of C-OMe Bonds.- Gregory L. Beutner and Scott E. Denmark: The Interplay of Invention, Observation and Discovery in the Development of Lewis Base Activation of Lewis Acids for Catalytic Enantioselective Synthesis.- David R. Stuart and Keith Fagnou: The Discovery and Development of a Palladium(II)-Catalyzed Oxidative Cross-Coupling of Two Unactivated Arenes.- Lukas Goossen and Kathe Goossen: Decarboxylative Cross-Coupling Reactions.- A. Stephen K. Hashmi: Gold-Catalyzed Organic Reactions.- Ben List: Developing Catalytic Asymmetric Acetalizations.- Steven M. Bischof, Brian G. Hashiguchi, Michael M. Konnick, and Roy A. Periana: The "De Novo"Design of CH Bond Hydroxylation Catalysts.- Benoit Cardinal-David, Karl A. Scheidt: Carbene Catalysis: Beyond the Benzoin and Stetter Reactions.- Kenso Soai and Tsuneomi Kawasaki: Asymmetric autocatalysis of pyrimidyl alkanol.- Douglas C. Behenna and Brian M. Stoltz: Natural Products as Inspiration for Reaction Development: Catalytic Enantioselective Decarboxylative Reactions of Prochiral Enolate Equivalents. Hisashi Yamamoto: Acid Catalysis in Organic Synthesis."

Catalysis literature can be difficult to read if there is not a sufficient understanding of the underlying connections between the chemical, materials and engineering aspects of catalysis. As a result, many students lack the depth of knowledge to effectively understand the topic.Introduction to Heterogeneous Catalysis solves this issue by presenting not only the basic concepts of catalysis but also, right from the beginning, integrating the chemical, materials and engineering aspects of catalysis in examples taken directly from industry.Aimed at master's and PhD students with a limited background in chemistry, this book provides a thorough introduction to the principles behind catalysis that will enable readers to understand the concepts and analyse the literature necessary for its study.

Since the 1990s the synthetic community has shown a growing interest in the development of catalytic reactions that employ entirely organic catalysts - so-called 'organocatalysts'. With the current emphasis on green chemistry throughout the chemical industry, organocatalysis has become indispensible. In spite of this growth and recognition, there can be a misconception that organocatalysts are only based on nitrogen-containing functional groups (amines, ureas, and quaternary ammonium salts, for example), and are only useful for asymmetric reactions. Nonnitrogenous Organocatalysis shows that the umbrella of organocatalysis covers other main group elements besides nitrogen, and the coverage is not just limited to asymmetric methods. Many of the catalysts and mechanisms discussed may not have a viable asymmetric variant or cannot be rendered asymmetric at all. This does not make them any less useful, as illustrated in this book.

This textbook covers essential electrochemistry and materials science content and provides an extensive collection of examples in order to bridge the gap between engineering students' basic knowledge and the concrete skills they need to handle practical problems in fuel cells. The book starts with an introduction to the basic thermodynamics and electrochemistry principles and techniques in fuel cells. It subsequently discusses fuel cell operation principles, electrocatalysts, electrode materials, cell and system configuration and technologies in low-temperature fuel cells such as alkaline fuel cells and proton exchange membrane fuel cells, and in high-temperature fuel cells including solid oxide and molten carbonate fuel cells. Other energy conversion and storage technologies such as supercapacitors, batteries and electrolysis are also covered. A special chapter on laboratory experiments with fuel cells is also included, which can be conducted in conjunction with classroom teaching. Each chapter includes problems and exercises. The book provides students with an engineering background essential information on the basic thermodynamics, electrochemistry and materials of fuel cells, the most efficient and environmentally friend energy conversion technologies, all in a single book.

The series Topics in Organometallic Chemistry presents critical overviews of research results in organometallic chemistry. As our understanding of organometallic structure, properties and mechanisms increases, new ways are opened for the design of organometallic compounds and reactions tailored to the needs of such diverse areas as organic synthesis, medical research, biology and materials science. Thus the scope of coverage includes a broad range of topics of pure and applied organometallic chemistry, where new breakthroughs are being achieved that are of significance to a larger scientific audience. The individual volumes of Topics in Organometallic Chemistry are thematic. Review articles are generally invited by the volume editors. All chapters from Topics in Organometallic Chemistry are published OnlineFirst with an individual DOI. In references, Topics in Organometallic Chemistry is abbreviated as Top Organomet Chem and cited as a journal

The idea for putting together a tutorial on zeolites came originally from my co-editor, Eric Derouane, about 5 years ago. I ?rst met Eric in the mid-1980s when he spent 2 years working for Mobil R&D at our then Corporate lab at Princeton, NJ. He was on the senior technical staff with projects in the synthesis and characterization of new materials. At that time, I managed a group at our Paulsboro lab that was responsible for catalyst characterization in support of our catalyst and process development efforts, and also had a substantial group working on new material synthesis. Hence, our interests overlapped considerably and we met regularly. After Eric moved back to Namur (initially), we maintained contact, and in the 1990s, we met a number of times in Europe on projects of joint interest. It was after I retired from ExxonMobil in 2002 that we began to discuss the tutorial concept seriously. Eric had (semi-)retired and lived on the Algarve, the southern coast of Portugal. In January 2003, my wife and I spent 3 weeks outside of Lagos, and I worked parts of most days with Eric on the proposed content of the book. We decided on a comprehensive approach that ultimately amounted to some 20+ chapters covering all of zeolite chemistry and catalysis and gave it the title Zeolite Chemistry and Catalysis: An integrated Approach and Tutorial.

This book presents a critical perspective of the applications of organometallic compounds (including those with metal or metalloid elements) and other related metal complexes as versatile functional materials in the transformation of light into electricity (solar energy conversion) and electricity into light (light generation in light emitting diode), in the reduction of carbon dioxide to useful chemicals, as well as in the safe and efficient production and utilization of hydrogen, which serves as an energy storage medium (i.e. energy carrier). This book focuses on recent research developments in these emerging areas, with an emphasis on fundamental concepts and current applications of functional organometallic complexes and related metal-based molecules for energy research. With contributions from front-line researchers in the field from academia and industry, this timely book provides a valuable contribution to the scientific community in the field of energy science related to metal-based molecular materials. Wai-Yeung Wong, PhD, is Chair Professor and Head of the Department of Chemistry at Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, P. R. China.

Catalyst technologies account for over $1 trillion of revenue in the U.S. economy alone. The applications range from medicines and alternative energy fuel cell technologies to the development of new and innovative clothing fibers. In this book, a World Technology Evaluation Center (WTEC) panel of eight experts in the field assesses the current state of research and development in catalysis by nanostructured materials, its sources of funding, and discusses the state of the field with respect to productivity and leadership in various nations around the world. In addition to showing the numerous and highly advantageous practical applications of the field, the panel concludes that Western Europe is currently the most productive region, followed closely by the United States. Still, the research and development output of the People's Republic of China has recently surpassed that of Japan and is now poised to surpass that of the U.S. as well.As such, this assessment is a timely review of the field's progress, taking into account the increasing contributions from Asia, and will be essential reading for professionals, whether they are seeking an in-depth summary of the state of the art or a broad view of trends affecting the discipline.