This volume analyzes and summarizes recent developments and breakthroughs in several key interfacial electrochemical systems in fuel cell electrocatatalysis. The chapters are written by internationally recognized experts or rising stars in electrocatatalysis addressing both the fundamental and practical aspects of several emerging key electrochemical technologies.

This volume in the acclaimed series Modern Aspects of Electrochemistry starts with a dedication to the late Professor Brian Conway who for 50 years helped to guide this series to its current prominence. The remainder of the volume is then devoted to the following topics: PEM fuel cells; the use of graphs in electrochemical reaction newtworks; nanomaterials in Lithium-ion batteries; direct methanolf fuel cells (two chapters); fuel cell catalyst layers. The book is for electrochemists, electrochemical engineers, fuel cell workers and energy generation workers.

This book is an excellent compilation of cutting-edge research in heterogeneous catalysis and related disciplines - surface science, organometallic catalysis, and enzymatic catalysis. In 23 chapters by noted experts, the volume demonstrates varied approaches using model systems and their successes in understanding aspects of heterogeneous catalysis, both metal- and metal oxide-based catalysis in extended single crystal and nanostructured catalytic materials. To truly appreciate the astounding advances of modern heterogeneous catalysis, let us first consider the subject from a historical perspective. Heterogeneous catalysis had its beginnings in England and France with the work of scientists such as Humphrey Davy (1778-1829), Michael Faraday (1791-1867), and Paul Sabatier (1854-1941). Sabatier postulated that surface compounds, si- lar to those familiar in bulk to chemists, were the intermediate species leading to catalytic products. Sabatier proposed, for example, that NiH moieties on a Ni sur- 2 face were able to hydrogenate ethylene, whereas NiH was not. In the USA, Irving Langmuir concluded just the opposite, namely, that chemisorbed surface species are chemically bound to surfaces and are unlike known molecules. These chemisorbed species were the active participants in catalysis. The equilibrium between gas-phase molecules and adsorbed chemisorbed species (yielding an adsorption isotherm) produced a monolayer by simple site-filling kinetics.

Janusz Lewi ski and Andrew E. H. Wheatley: Simple trivalent organoaluminum species: perspectives on structure, bonding and reactivity.- Stephan Schulz: Organoaluminum complexes with bonds to s-block, p-block, d-block, and f-block metal centers.- Samuel Dagorne and Christophe Fliedel: Low valent organoaluminium (+I, +II) species.- Rudolf Wehmschulte: Organoaluminum species in homogeneous polymerization catalysis.- Paul Knochel, Tobias Blumke, Klaus Groll and Yi-Hung Chen: Preparation of Organoalanes for Organic Synthesis.- Yuki Naganawa and Keiji Maruoka: Reactions Triggered by Lewis Acidic Organoaluminum Species.- Usein M. Dzhemilev and Vladimir A. D'yakonov: Hydro-, Carbo- and Cycloalumination of Unsaturated Compounds.- Andreas Kolb and Paultheo von Zezschwitz: Organoaluminum Couplings to Carbonyls, Imines and Halides.- Oscar Pamies and Montserrat Dieguez: Conjugate Addition of Organoaluminum Species to Michael Acceptors and Related Processes.

This unique thesis discusses the development of conceptually novel and synthetically valuable methods that use visible light photocatalysis. Each chapter addresses a different topic in the emerging field of photocatalysis, which has become an indispensable tool for organic synthesis. Photocatalysis employs environmentally harmless and abundant visible light in the presence of a photosensitizer, and as such offers an attractive alternative to harmful UV light in photo-mediated reactions. This book introduces the novel concept of merging gold catalysis with visible light photocatalysis in a dual catalytic fashion, which demonstrates their compatibility with each other for first time and has inspired the development of various reactions. Moreover, a novel trifluoromethylation method, which combines radical addition chemistry with a polar rearrangement to synthesize valuable fluorinated compounds, is presented, since compounds featuring fluorinated functionality are the subject of increasing attention in pharmaceutical, agrochemical and material research. It also develops an external photocatalyst-free photochemical method for the synthesis of valuable indolizine heterocycles, where the product mediates its own formation. Lastly, it describes the synthesis and characterization of two novel highly porous metal-organic frameworks (MOFs). The comprehensive text is rounded out with illustrations and color figures.

This book introduces carbon nanotubes as a matrix for efficient nanohybrid catalysis. The preparation and use of such materials in ultra-grade water purification is described. Simple chemical methods for purification and functionalization of carbon nanotubes prior to their use is also detailed. The author also discusses the potential use of nanotube-based nanobiohybrid catalysts in the removal of organic pollutants.

This title contains proceedings from the Fourth Tokyo Conference on Advanced Catalytic Science and Technology, Tokyo, July 14-19, 2002. The conference goal was to promote closer cooperation between industry and academia, to stimulate new catalytic technologies as well as fundamental research, and to create new concepts for the development of effective catalytic systems. It contains a selection of works, which present the most up-to-date research in catalysis.
- Presents the most up-to-date research work
- Provides reports on the latest advances in new processes and methods
- Contributes to a greater understanding of catalysis and stimulates further scientific research work in this field

There is an increasing challenge for chemical industry and research institutions to find cost-efficient and environmentally sound methods of converting natural resources into fuels chemicals and energy. Catalysts are essential to these processes and the Catalysis Specialist Periodical Report series serves to highlight major developments in this area. This series provides systematic and detailed reviews of topics of interest to scientists and engineers in the catalysis field. The coverage includes all major areas of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis and also specific applications of catalysis such as NOx control kinetics and experimental techniques such as microcalorimetry. Each chapter is compiled by recognised experts within their specialist fields and provides a summary of the current literature. This series will be of interest to all those in academia and industry who need an up-to-date critical analysis and summary of catalysis research and applications. Catalysis will be of interest to anyone working in academia and industry that needs an up-to-date critical analysis and summary of catalysis research and applications.

This book details the chemistry of visible light-induced photocatalysis using different classes of nanocomposites. Starting with a general introduction and explanation of basic principles and mechanisms of (visible) light-induced photocatalysis in the first two chapters (not omitting a plaidoyer for furthering research and development in this promising field), the following chapters detail the different types and classes of nanocomposites currently used in light-induced photocatalytic applications, including e.g. metal and mixed metal-oxide nanoparticles and -composites, nanoporous materials, polymeric and carbon-based nanocomposites. They explain the characteristics and importance of the different types of nanocomposites, as well as their synthesis and fabrication.In the end of the book an outlook on the unique applications of novel nanocomposites is offered, for example in water treatment and disinfection and removal of pollutants from wastewater, self-cleaning window panes based on photoactive materials, and many more. The book also addresses the challenges in present photocatalytic research, and therefore is a must-read for everybody interested in the developing field of nanocomposites and visible light-induced photocatalysis.

Fuel Cells have become a potentially highly efficient sustainable source of energy and electricity for an ever-demanding power hungry world. The two main types of fuel cells ripe for commercialisation are the high temperature solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and the low temperature polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEM). The commercial uses of which include, but are not limited to, military, stand-by power, commercial and industrial, and remoter power. However, all aspects of the electricity market are being considered.

This book has brought together a team of world-renowned experts in all aspects of fuel cell development for both SOFC and PEM in a workshop environment. The workshop held between June 6-10, 2004 was held in the capital city of the Ukraine, Kiev. The reason for the venue was that Ukraine is the third largest resource of zircon sands, a major source of material for the solid oxide fuel cell. Ukraine is looking at undertaking a very large effort in the solid oxide fuel cell arena, and hopes, one day, to be an international player in this market, and this book is an outcome from the workshop. The book focuses on the issues related to fuel cells, particularly the state-of-the-art internationally, the issues that were of particular interest for getting fuel cells fully commercialized, and advances in fuel cell materials and technology. The focus was on all types of fuel cells, but the emphasis was particularly on solid oxide fuel cells (SOFC), due to their importance to the host country. The book is an essential reference to researchers, academics and industrialists interested in up-to-date information on SOFC and PEM development.

Global experts provide an authoritative source of information on the use of electrochemical fuel cells, and in particular discuss the use of nanomaterials to enhance the performance of existing energy systems. The book covers the state of the art in the design, preparation, and engineering of nanoscale functional materials as effective catalysts for fuel cell chemistry, highlights recent progress in electrocatalysis at both fuel cell anode and cathode, and details perspectives and challenges in future research.

Ruthenium Oxidation Complexes explores ruthenium complexes, particularly those in higher oxidation states, which function as useful and selective organic oxidation catalysts. Particular emphasis is placed on those systems which are of industrial significance. The preparation, properties and applications of the ruthenium complexes are described, followed by a presentation of their oxidative properties and summary of the different mechanisms involved in the organic oxidations (e.g. oxidations of alcohols, alkenes, arenes and alkynes, alkanes, amines, ethers, phopshines and miscellaneous substrates). Moreover, future trends and developments in the area are discussed.

This monograph is aimed at inorganic, organic, industrial and catalysis chemists, especially those who wish to carry out specific organic oxidations using catalytic methods.

Qi-Lin Zhou and Jian-Hua Xie: Chiral Spiro Catalysts.- Fuk Loi Lam, Fuk Yee Kwong and Albert S. C. Chan: Chiral Phosphorus Ligands with Interesting Properties and Practical Applications.- Jiang Pan, Hui-Lei Yu, Jian-He Xu, Guo-Qiang Lin: Advances in Biocatalysis: Enzymatic Reactions and Their Applications.- Mei-Xiang Wang: Enantioselective Biotransformations of Nitriles.- Man Kin Wong, Yiu Chung Yip and Dan Yang: Asymmetric Epoxidation Catalyzed by Chiral Ketones.- W. J. Liu, N. Li and L. Z. Gong: Asymmetric Organocatalysis.- Qing-Hua Fan and Kuiling Ding: Enantioselective Catalysis with Structurally Tunable Immobilized Catalysts.- Chang-Hua Ding, Xue-Long Hou: Transition Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Allylation.- Jian Zhou and Yong Tang: Enantioselective Reactions with Trisoxazolines.- Xiang-Ping Hu, Duo-Sheng Wang, Chang-Bin Yu, Yong-Gui Zhou, and Zhuo Zheng: Adventure in Asymmetric Hydrogenation: Synthesis of Chiral Phosphorus Ligands and Asymmetric Hydrogenation of Heteroaromtics.

The series Topics in Current Chemistry Collections presents critical reviews from the journal Topics in Current Chemistry organized in topical volumes. The scope of coverage is all areas of chemical science including the interfaces with related disciplines such as biology, medicine and materials science. The goal of each thematic volume is to give the non-specialist reader, whether in academia or industry, a comprehensive insight into an area where new research is emerging which is of interest to a larger scientific audience. Each review within the volume critically surveys one aspect of that topic and places it within the context of the volume as a whole. The most significant developments of the last 5 to 10 years are presented using selected examples to illustrate the principles discussed. The coverage is not intended to be an exhaustive summary of the field or include large quantities of data, but should rather be conceptual, concentrating on the methodological thinking that will allow the non-specialist reader to understand the information presented. Contributions also offer an outlook on potential future developments in the field.

Catalysis is the acceleration of a chemical reaction by a catalyst, a substance that notably affects the rate of a chemical reaction without itself being consumed or altered. Since 1948, Advances in Catalysis has filled the gap between the papers that report on and the textbooks that teach in the diverse areas of catalysis research. The editors of and contributors to Advances in Catalysis are dedicated to recording progress in this area. Volume 49 reviews the directed evolution of enantioselective enzymes as catalysts for organic synthesis; dendrimers in catalysis and catalysis in ionic liquids; and the optimization of alkaline earth metal oxide and hydroxide catalysts for base-catalyzed reactions.
* Provides a comprehensive review of all aspects of catalytic research
* Contains in-depth, critical, state-of-the-art reports
* An indispensable source for researchers in academia and industry

Advances in Inorganic Chemistry Volume 58 focuses on homogeneous biomimetic oxidation catalysis. Contributions by leading experts in the field cover important advances in inorganic and bioinorganic chemistry. Contributions include diversity-based approaches to selective biomimetic oxidation catalysis; the selective conversion of hydrocarbons with H2O2 using biomimetic non-heme iron and manganese oxidation catalysis; DNA oxidation by copper and manganese complexes; influences of the ligand in copper-dioxygen complex-formation and substrate oxidations; biomimetic oxidations by dinuclear and trinuclear copper complexes. In the final contribution the authors focus on green oxidation of alcohols using biomimetic copper complexes and enzymes as catalysts. Volume 58 provides another welcomed addition to the widely acclaimed series, Advances in Inorganic Chemistry.
* Includes new information on the important advances in inorganic and bioinorganic chemistry
* Each chapter is fully referenced
* Contains comprehensive reviews written by leading experts in the field

The Role of Metals and Ligands in Organic Hydroformylation, by Luca Gonsalvi, Antonella Guerriero, Eric Monflier, Frederic Hapiot, Maurizio Peruzzini.

Hydroformylation in Aqueous Biphasic Media Assisted by Molecular Receptors, by Frederic Hapiot, Herve Bricout, Sebastien Tilloy, Eric Monflier.

Asymmetric Hydroformylation, by Bernabe F. Perandones, Cyril Godard, Carmen Claver.

Domino Reactions Triggered by Hydroformylation, by Elena Petricci, Elena Cini.

Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydroformylation in Fused Azapolycycles Synthesis, by Roberta Settambolo.

Hydroformylation in Natural Product Synthesis, by Roderick W. Bates, Sivarajan Kasinathan."

The series Topics in Organometallic Chemistry presents critical overviews of research results in organometallic chemistry. As our understanding of organometallic structure, properties and mechanisms increases, new ways are opened for the design of organometallic compounds and reactions tailored to the needs of such diverse areas as organic synthesis, medical research, biology and materials science. Thus the scope of coverage includes a broad range of topics in pure and applied organometallic chemistry, where new breakthroughs are being achieved that are of significance to a larger scientific audience. The individual volumes of Topics in Organometallic Chemistry are thematic. Review articles are generally invited by the volume editors.

"Catalytic Microreactors for Portable Power Generation" addresses a problem of high relevance and increased complexity in energy technology. This thesis outlines an investigation into catalytic and gas-phase combustion characteristics in channel-flow, platinum-coated microreactors. The emphasis of the study is on microreactor/microturbine concepts for portable power generation and the fuels of interest are methane and propane. The author carefully describes numerical and experimental techniques, providing a new insight into the complex interactions between chemical kinetics and molecular transport processes, as well as giving the first detailed report of hetero-/homogeneous chemical reaction mechanisms for catalytic propane combustion. The outcome of this work will be widely applied to the industrial design of micro- and mesoscale combustors.

In this thesis, the author outlines the construction of active structure and modulation of catalytic reactivity of Pt-based bi-component catalysts, from the model systems to real supported catalysts. The thesis investigates the promotion effect of the second components on catalytic performance of Pt catalysts, and presents the reversible generation of the "sandwich-like" structure of Pt-Ni catalysts, containing both surface NiO1-X and subsurface Ni by alternating redox treatments at medium temperature. With the aid of single layer graphene, the dynamic process of chemical reactions occurring on the Pt(111) surface can be visualized using in-situ LEEM and DUV-PEEM techniques, the results of which are included here. The author reveals that the graphene layer exhibits a strong confinement effect on the chemistry of molecules underneath and the intercalated CO can desorb from the Pt surface around room temperature and in UHV, which may promote the CO oxidation confined under graphene.

There is an increasing challenge for chemical industry and research institutions to find cost-efficient and environmentally sound methods of converting natural resources into fuels chemicals and energy. Catalysts are essential to these processes and the Catalysis Specialist Periodical Report series serves to highlight major developments in this area. This series provides systematic and detailed reviews of topics of interest to scientists and engineers in the catalysis field. The coverage includes all major areas of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis and also specific applications of catalysis such as NOx control kinetics and experimental techniques such as microcalorimetry. Each chapter is compiled by recognised experts within their specialist fields and provides a summary of the current literature. This series will be of interest to all those in academia and industry who need an up-to-date critical analysis and summary of catalysis research and applications. Catalysis will be of interest to anyone working in academia and industry that needs an up-to-date critical analysis and summary of catalysis research and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading experts in their specialist fields, this series is designed to help the chemistry community keep current with the latest developments in their field. Each volume in the series is published either annually or biennially and is a superb reference point for researchers. www.rsc.org/spr

Juan I. Padron and Victor S. Martin: Catalysis by means of Fe-based Lewis acids; Hiroshi Nakazawa*, Masumi Itazaki: Fe-H Complexes in Catalysis; Kristin Schroder, Kathrin Junge, Bianca Bitterlich, and Matthias Beller: Fe-catalyzed Oxidation Reactions of Olefins, Alkanes and Alcohols: Involvement of Oxo- and Peroxo Complexes; Chi-Ming Che, Cong-Ying Zhou, Ella Lai-Ming Wong: Catalysis by Fe=X Complexes (X=NR, CR2); Rene Peters, Daniel F. Fischer and Sascha Jautze: Ferrocene and Half Sandwich Complexes as Catalysts with Iron Participation; Markus Jegelka, Bernd Plietker: Catalysis by Means of Complex Ferrates."

Using an in situ transmission electron microscopy (TEM) approach to investigate the growth mechanism of carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as well as the fabrication and properties of CNT-clamped metal atomic chains (MACs) is the focus of the research summarized in this thesis. The application of an in situ TEM approach in the above-mentioned research provides not only real-time observation but also monitored machining and structural evolvement at the atomic level. In this thesis, the author introduces a CNT tubular nano furnace that can be operated under TEM for investigation of the CNT nucleation mechanism. By studying the nucleation process of CNTs in the presence of various catalysts, including iron-based metallic catalysts and silicon oxide-based non-metallic catalysts, the physical states of the catalysts as well as the nucleation and growth process of CNTs are revealed. Based on the understanding of the nucleation mechanism, the author proposes a hetero-epitaxial growth strategy of CNTs from boron nitride, which provides a new route for the controllable growth of CNTs. In addition, the author presents an electron beam-assisted nanomachining technique and the fabrication of a CNT-clamped MAC prototype device based on this technique. The formation process of CNT-clamped Fe atomic chains (ACs) can be monitored with atomic resolution. The demonstrated quantized conductance and uninfluenced half-metallic properties of Fe ACs indicate that CNTs can be promising nanoscale electrodes or interconnectors for the linking and assembly of nano and subnano structures.

"Organocatalyzed Reactions" "I" and "II" presents a timely summary of organocatalysed reactions including: a) Enantioselective C-C bond formation processes e.g. Michael-addition, Mannich-reaction, Hydrocyanation (Strecker-reaction), aldol reaction, allylation, cycloadditions, aza-Diels-Alder reactions, benzoin condensation, Stetter reaction, conjugative Umpolung, asymmetric Friedel-Crafts reactions; b) Asymmetric enantioselective reduction processes e.g. Reductive amination of aldehydes or ketones, asymmetric transfer hydrogenation; c) Asymmetric enantioselective oxidation processes;
d) Asymmetric epoxidation, Bayer-Villiger oxidation; e) Enantioselective a-functionalization; f) A-alkylation of ketones, a-halogenation and a-oxidation of carbonyl compounds.

There is an increasing challenge for chemical industry and research institutions to find cost-efficient and environmentally sound methods of converting natural resources into fuels chemicals and energy. Catalysts are essential to these processes and the Catalysis Specialist Periodical Report series serves to highlight major developments in this area. This series provides systematic and detailed reviews of topics of interest to scientists and engineers in the catalysis field. The coverage includes all major areas of heterogeneous and homogeneous catalysis and also specific applications of catalysis such as NOx control kinetics and experimental techniques such as microcalorimetry. Each chapter is compiled by recognised experts within their specialist fields and provides a summary of the current literature. This series will be of interest to all those in academia and industry who need an up-to-date critical analysis and summary of catalysis research and applications. Catalysis will be of interest to anyone working in academia and industry that needs an up-to-date critical analysis and summary of catalysis research and applications. Specialist Periodical Reports provide systematic and detailed review coverage in major areas of chemical research. Compiled by teams of leading experts in their specialist fields, this series is designed to help the chemistry community keep current with the latest developments in their field. Each volume in the series is published either annually or biennially and is a superb reference point for researchers. www.rsc.org/spr