The book presents current research progress on hydrogen storage alloys, with a special focus on their applications in batteries. Background, formation mechanisms, electrochemical characteristics, and effects of elemental substitution are covered. Provides an up-to-date overview of the theme for experienced researchers, while including enough fundamentals to serve as a handy, practical introduction for newcomers to the field.

This new volume, Physical Chemistry for Engineering and Applied Sciences: Theoretical and Methodological Implications, introduces readers to some of the latest research applications of physical chemistry. The compilation of this volume was motived by the tremendous increase of useful research work in the field of physical chemistry and related subjects in recent years, and the need for communication between physical chemists, physicists, and biophysicists. This volume reflects the huge breadth and diversity in research and the applications in physical chemistry and physical chemistry techniques, providing case studies that are tailored to particular research interests. It examines the industrial processes for emerging materials, determines practical use under a wide range of conditions, and establishes what is needed to produce a new generation of materials. The chapter authors, affiliated with prestigious scientific institutions from around the world, share their research on new and innovative applications in physical chemistry. The chapters in the volume are divided into several areas, covering developments in physical chemistry of modern materials polymer science and engineering nanoscience and nanotechnology

This book covers many important aspects of applied chemistry and chemical engineering, focusing on three main aspects: principles, methodology and evaluation methods. It presents a selection of chapters on recent developments of theoretical, mathematical, and computational conceptions, as well as chapters on modeling and simulation of specific research themes covering applied chemistry and chemical engineering. This book attempts to bridge the gap between classical analysis and modern applications. Covering a selection of topics within the field of applied chemistry and chemical engineering, the book is divided into several parts: polymer chemistry and technology bioorganic and biological chemistry nanoscale technology selected topics This book is the second of the two-volume series Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering. The first volume is Volume 1: Mathematical and Analytical Techniques.

Understanding mathematical modeling is fundamental in chemical engineering. This book reviews, introduces, and develops the mathematical models that are most frequently encountered in sophisticated chemical engineering domains. The volume provides a collection of models illustrating the power and richness of the mathematical sciences in supplying insight into the operation of important real-world systems. It fills a gap within modeling texts, focusing on applications across a broad range of disciplines. The first part of the book discusses the general components of the modeling process and highlights the potential of modeling in the production of nanofibers. These chapters discuss the general components of the modeling process and the evolutionary nature of successful model building in the electrospinning process. Electrospinning is the most versatile technique for the preparation of continuous nanofibers obtained from numerous materials. This section of book summarizes the state-of-the art in electrospinning as well as updates on theoretical aspects and applications. Part 2 of the book presents a selection of special topics on issues in applied chemistry and chemical engineering, including nanocomposite coating processes by electrocodeposition method, entropic factors conformational interactions, and the application of artificial neural network and meta-heuristic algorithms. This volume covers a wide range of topics in mathematical modeling, computational science, and applied mathematics. It presents a wealth of new results in the development of modeling theories and methods, advancing diverse areas of applications and promoting interdisciplinary interactions between mathematicians, scientists, engineers and representatives from other disciplines.

Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Volume 4: Experimental Techniques and Methodical Developments provides a detailed yet easy-to-follow treatment of various techniques useful for characterizing the structure and properties of engineering materials. This timely volume provides an overview of new methods and presents experimental research in applied chemistry using modern approaches. Each chapter describes the principle of the respective method as well as the detailed procedures of experiments with examples of actual applications and then goes on to demonstrate the advantage and disadvantages of each physical technique. Thus, readers will be able to apply the concepts as described in the book to their own experiments. The book is broken into several subsections: Polymer Chemistry and Technology Computational Approaches Clinical Chemistry and Bioinformatics Special Topics This volume presents research and reviews and information on implementing and sustaining interdisciplinary studies in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics.

This volume, Applied Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Volume 5: Research Methodologies in Modern Chemistry and Applied Science, is designed to fulfill the requirements of scientists and engineers who wish to be able to carry out experimental research in chemistry and applied science using modern methods. Each chapter describes the principle of the respective method, as well as the detailed procedures of experiments with examples of actual applications. Thus, readers will be able to apply the concepts as described in the book to their own experiments. This book traces the progress made in this field and its sub-fields and also highlight some of the key theories and their applications and will be a valuable resource for chemical engineers in Materials Science and others.

This volume in the "Advances in Electrochemical Sciences and Engineering" series focuses on problem-solving, illustrating how to translate basic science into engineering solutions. The book's concept is to bring together engineering solutions across the range of nano-bio-photo-micro applications, with each chapter co-authored by an academic and an industrial expert whose collaboration led to reusable methods that are relevant beyond their initial use. Examples of experimental and/or computational methods are used throughout to facilitate the task of moving atomistic-scale discoveries and understanding toward well-engineered products and processes based on electrochemical phenomena.

Quantitative Process Control Theory explains how to solve industrial system problems using a novel control system design theory. This easy-to-use theory does not require designers to choose a weighting function and enables the controllers to be designed or tuned for quantitative engineering performance indices such as overshoot. In each chapter, a summary highlights the main problems and results and exercises improve and test your understanding of the material. Mathematical proofs are provided for almost all the results while examples are based on actual situations in industrial plants involving a paper-making machine, heat exchanger, hot strip mill, maglev, nuclear reactor, distillation column/heavy oil fractionator, jacket-cooled reactor, missile, helicopter/plane, and anesthesia. Developed from the author's many years of research, this book takes a unique, practical approach for efficiently solving single-input and single-output (SISO) and multiple-input and multiple-output (MIMO) control system design issues for quantitative performance indices. With much of the material classroom-tested, the text is suitable for advanced undergraduate and graduate students in engineering, beginning researchers in robust control, and more seasoned engineers wanting to learn new design techniques.

This volume presents a selection of important information and discussion on the new scientific trend of chemical mesoscopics and also sheds new knowledge on the science of nanomaterials, processes of nanochemistry, and nanoengineering. The volume explores nanomaterial development as well as investigations of processes and modeling. It provides new perspectives on processes, while also discussing new methods of treatment polymeric materials and different material modification, including by super small quantities of metal/carbon nanocomposites. This volume will be a valuable resource on new trends on chemical mesoscopics, nanotechnology, and nanoengineering for researchers, scientists, professors, postgraduate students, and others.

In chemical processes, the progressive deactivation of solid catalysts is a major economic concern and mastering their stability has become as essential as controlling their activity and selectivity. For these reasons, there is a strong motivation to understand the mechanisms leading to any loss in activity and/or selectivity and to find out the efficient preventive measures and regenerative solutions that open the way towards cheaper and cleaner processes. This book covers the fundamental and applied aspects of solid catalyst deactivation in a comprehensive way and encompasses the state of the art in the field of reactions catalyzed by zeolites. This particular choice is justified by the widespread use of molecular sieves in refining, petrochemicals and organic chemicals synthesis processes, by the large variety in the nature of their active sites (acid, base, acid-base, redox, bifunctional) and especially by their peculiar features, in terms of crystallinity, structural order and textural properties, which make them ideal models for heterogeneous catalysis. The aim of this book is to be a critical review in the field of zeolite deactivation and regeneration by collecting contributions from experts in the field which describe the factors, explain the techniques to study the causes and suggest methods to prevent (or limit) catalyst deactivation. At the same time, a selection of commercial processes and exemplar cases provides the reader with theoretical insights and practical hints on the deactivation mechanisms and draws attention to the key role played by the loss of activity on process design and industrial practice.

This book focuses on the nanofiber membrane's fabrication, characterization, and performance for medical, environment and energy applications. Topics include polymer, inorganic and composite-form nanofiber membrane materials. Top Research teams from varied disciplines and continents outline applied nanofiber membrane fabrication techniques and characterizations. Promising nanofiber membranes for improving and enhancing technologies used in drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, water and wastewater treatment and purification, gas separation and purification, air purification, and fuel cells are discussed along with the likely path forward for commercial usage. Key Features: Shares the most recent discovery solutions from experts all over the globe for the numerous problems in medical, environmental and energy applications. Provides a holistic cycle of nanofiber membrane development which comprehensively discusses the membrane preparation, characterizations, performance and the way forward for a specific process and application. Explains the mechanism of separation and purification. Focuses on the nanofiber membrane's fabrication, characterizations, and performance in various scenarios and commercial applications.

Over the past four decades, notable advancements in the theory and application of ion exchange science uncovered a wealth of knowledge that fueled new scientific pursuits and created synergies with myriad scientific endeavors. Today, pioneers continue to break new ground by synthesizing novel materials and merging the interdisciplinary fields of science and engineering. Now in its 20th volume, Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction: A Series of Advances chronicles the ongoing changes that drive innovation in this important field. Beginning with a review of research studies that show how functionalized ion exchange polymers serve as supports to stabilize metal nanoparticles (MNPs) without forming larger than nano aggregates, the book describes the sorption of different gases from the air by ion exchange resins and fibrous ion exchangers and discusses the selective ion exchange technology capable of removing and recovering perchlorate quantitatively through stable isotope ratio analysis of chlorine and oxygen atoms, allowing for the forensic analysis of perchlorate origin in contaminated water. Later chapters demonstrate how numerical simulations coupled with small-scale bench-top experiments can help tailor particle size distribution and enhance the efficiency of each application, review dual-temperature ion exchange processes in which sorption and desorption are carried out solely by varying temperature, and present the preparation and characterization of a new composite material in which microparticles of clinoptilolite are embedded in a matrix of cross-linked chitosan, opening new opportunities for the natural biopolymer. The book concludes with the preparation, characterization, and field-level experience of an emerging class of "hybrid ion exchangers" that enhance the application opportunities of ion exchange resins. Highlighting the latest and most pivotal discoveries, the 20th volume of a field standard codifies the current state-of-the-art and lays the groundwork for the next generation of growth and expansion in the field of ion exchange.

With focus on the practical use of modern biotechnology for environmental sustainability, this book provides a thoughtful overview of molecular aspects of environmental studies to create a new awareness of fundamental biological processes and sustainable ecological concerns. It covers the latest research by prominent scientists in modern biology and delineates recent and prospective applications in the sub-areas of environmental biotechnology with special focus on the biodegradation of toxic pollutants, bioremediation of contaminated environments, and bioconversion of organic wastes toward a green economy and sustainable future.

The science of chemistry is so broad that it is normally broken into fields or branches of specialization. The manufacture of drugs and dyes is one of the most practical industrial applications of chemistry. This collection presents the reader with a broad spectrum of chapters on drugs and dyes, thereby demonstrating key developments in this rapidly changing field. It examines dyes in chemical interaction and production of drugs for pharmaceutical use as well as in forensic work and in the production of materials.

This new work, Functional Polymeric Composites: Macro to Nanoscales, focuses on new challenges, findings, opportunities, and applications in the area of polymer composites. The chapters, written prominent researchers from academia, industry, and research institutes from around the world, present contemporary research and developments on advanced polymeric materials, including polymer blends, polymer electrolytes, bio-based polymer, polymer nanocomposites, etc. Several chapters also cover the applications of the polymeric systems in current industry development and synthesis and characterization of the products.

Among the materials found in Nature's many diverse living organisms or produced by human industry, those made from polymers are dominant. In Nature, they are not only dominant, but they are, as well, uniquely necessary to life. Conformations: Connecting the Chemical Structures and Material Behaviors of Polymers explores how the detailed chemical structures of polymers can be characterized, how their microstructural-dependent conformational preferences can be evaluated, and how these conformational preferences can be connected to the behaviors and properties of their materials. The authors examine the connections between the microstructures of polymers and the rich variety of physical properties they evidence. Detailed polymer architectures, including the molecular bonding and geometries of backbone and side-chain groups, monomer stereo- and regiosequences, comonomer sequences, and branching, are explicitly considered in the analysis of the conformational characteristics of polymers. This valuable reference provides practicing materials engineers as well as polymer and materials science students a means of understanding the differences in behaviors and properties of materials made from chemically distinct polymers. This knowledge can assist the reader design polymers with chemical structures that lead to their desired material behaviors and properties.

Published under the auspices of both IUPAC and its affiliated body, the International Association of Chemical Thermodynamics (IACT), this book will serve as a guide to scientists or technicians who use equations of state for fluids. Concentrating on the application of theory, the practical use of each type of equation is discussed and the strengths and weaknesses of each are addressed. It includes material on the equations of state for chemically reacting and non-equilibrium fluids which have undergone significant developments and brings up to date the equations of state for fluids and fluid mixtures. Applied Thermodynamics of Fluids addresses the needs of practitioners within academia, government and industry by assembling an international team of distinguished experts to provide each chapter. The topics presented in the book are important to the energy business, particularly the hydrocarbon economy and the development of new power sources and are also significant for the application of liquid crystals and ionic liquids to commercial products. This reference will be useful for post graduate researchers in the fields of chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, chemistry and physics.

New perspectives on how to successfully drive changes in companies' process safety management systems Simply learning from process safety incidents has proven to be insufficient to drive performance improvements. To truly change, organizations must seek out & embed learnings in their programs & systems. This book picks up from previous CCPS books, Incidents That Define Process Safety and Investigating Process Safety Incidents. This important book: Offers guidelines for improving process safety performance by embedding the lessons learned from publicly available investigations Recommends a continuous improvement learning model focused on organizational learning Provides examples for using the model's techniques to drive -continuous improvements Contains an index of more than 400 investigated incidents and introduces the concept of Drilldown to help find lessons that might not have been mentioned before. Written for safety professionals and process safety consultants, Driving Continuous Process Safety Improvement from Investigated Incidents is a hands-on guide for adopting a model for successfully driving the learnings from process safety incident investigations.

The only comprehensive and authoritative reference guide to the ASME Bioprocessing Piping and Equipment (BPE) standard This is a companion guide to the ASME Bioprocessing Piping and Equipment (BPE) Standard and explains what lies behind many of the requirements and recommendations within that industry standard. Following an introductory narrative to the Standard's early history, industry related codes and standards are explained; the design and engineering aspects cover construction materials, both metallic and nonmetallic; then components, fabrication, assembly and installation of piping systems are explored. Examination, Inspection and Testing then precede the ASME BPE certification process, concluding with a discussion on system design. The author draws on many years' experience and insights from first-hand involvement in the field of industrial piping design, engineering, construction, and management, which includes the bioprocessing industry. The reader will learn why dimensions and tolerances, process instrumentation, and material selection play such an integral part in the manufacture of components and instrumentation. This easy to understand and navigate guide will assist engineers (design, piping, chemical, etc.) who need to understand the basis for much of the Standard s content, as do the contractors and inspectors who have to meet and validate compliance with the BPE Standard.

Complex multiscale systems such as combined free or porous flow regimes and transport processes governed by combined diffusion, convection and reaction mechanisms, which cannot be readily modeled using traditional methods, can be solved by multiscale or stabilized finite element schemes.

Due to the importance of the described multiscale processes in applications such as separation processes, reaction engineering and environmental systems analysis, a sound knowledge of such methods is essential for many researchers and design engineers who wish to develop reliable solutions for industrially relevant problems. The main scope of this book is to provide an authoritative description of recent developments in the field of finite element analysis, with a particular emphasis on the multiscale finite element modeling of transport phenomena and flow problem.

The book contains the very latest information on all aspects of heat capacities related to liquids and vapours, either pure or mixed. The chapters, all written by knowledgeable experts in their respective fields, cover theory, experimental methods, and techniques (including speed of sound, photothermal techniques, brillouin scattering, scanning transitiometry, high resolution adiabatic scanning calorimetry), results on solutions, liquids, vapours, mixtures, electrolytes, critical regions, proteins, liquid crystals, polymers, reactions, effects of high pressure and phase changes. Experimental methods for the determination of heat capacities as well as theoretical aspects, including data correlation and prediction, are dealt with in detail. Of special importance are the contributions concerning heat capacities of dilute solutions, ultrasonics and hypersonics, critical behaviour and the influence of high pressure. This new book covers the wide range of topics in the field of heat capacities and vapours and as such is a key point of reference for undergraduates and graduates alike as well as researchers, academics and anyone working in the field or related areas.

The book deals with the environmentally friendly cleaning materials functionalized with TiO2, a widely known semiconductor giving rise to redox reactions under artificial or solar irradiation. The role of Titanium dioxide in the worldwide community is introduced first. The fundamental working principles of heterogeneous photocatalysis follow and a critical section on the semiconductor bulk and surface properties open the way to the differences between TiO2 blend features with respect to analogous thin film layouts. Then follows the main section of the book which deals with the techniques applied to manufactured commercial devices, ranging from glasses to textiles and from concrete and other construction materials to paintings. Also road asphalt and other devices, such as photocatalytic air conditioning machines are outlined. Last generation materials, not yet commercialized, and the deposition techniques applied to prepare them are also widely discussed. The final part of the book covers the difficult and modern topic of standardization and comparison of performance of photocatalytic processes and in particular the guidelines proposed by various worldwide organizations for standardization are discussed. The book covers the general matters as well as the practical applications with the supporting methods discussed in detail. This book brings together a team of highly experienced and well-published experts in the field, providing a comprehensive view of the applications of supported titanium dioxide.

During the upgrading of heavy petroleum, asphaltene is the most problematic impurity since it is the main cause of catalyst deactivation and sediments formation. Exploring many aspects related to asphaltenes composition and conversion, Asphaltenes: Chemical Transformation during Hydroprocessing of Heavy Oils highlights the various changes that these heavy and complex molecules undergo during catalytic hydroprocessing. After defining and characterizing asphaltene structure, the book examines the composition of petroleum and the processes and catalysts for upgrading heavy oils. It then details the characterization of asphaltenes after hydroprocessing and the effect of reaction conditions on their structures. The authors also analyze the deactivation and characterization of spent hydroprocessing catalysts as well as the role played by asphaltenes. They cover sediments formation during hydroprocessing and the role of asphaltenes on it. The final chapters describe the hydrocracking and kinetics of asphaltenes and the fractionation of heavy crudes and asphaltenes. Due to the increasing production of heavy crude oils, asphaltene has become one of the most studied molecules. This book provides a deep understanding of how asphaltenes transform during hydroprocessing, offering insight on designing catalysts and processing for the upgrading of heavy oils.

Encapsulation of bioactives is a fast-growing approach in the food and pharmaceutical industry. Spray Drying Encapsulation of Bioactive Materials serves as a source of information to offer specialized and in-depth knowledge on the most well-known and used encapsulation technology (i.e., spray drying) and corresponding advances. It describes the efficacy of spray drying in terms of its advantages and challenges for encapsulation of bioactive ingredients. Discusses the potential of this technique to pave the way toward cost-effective, industrially relevant, reproducible, and scalable processes that are critical to the development of delivery systems for bioactive incorporation into innovative functional food products and pharmaceuticals Presents the latest research outcomes related to spray drying technology and the encapsulation of various bioactive materials Covers advances in spray drying technology that may result in a more efficient encapsulation of bioactive ingredients Includes computational fluid dynamics, advanced drying processes, as well as the morphology of the dried particles, drying kinetics analyzers, process controllers and adaptive feedback systems, inline powder analysis technologies, and cleaning-in-place equipment Aimed at food manufacturers, pharmacists, and chemical engineers, this work is of interest to anyone engaged in encapsulation of bioactive ingredients for both nutraceutical and pharmaceutical applications.

Held in Singapore from 9 to 11 October 2009, the 2009 International Conference on Chemical, Biological and Environmental Engineering (CBEE 2009) aims to provide a platform for researchers, engineers, academicians as well as industrial professionals from all over the world to present their research and development activities in chemical, biological and environmental engineering. Conference delegates will also have the opportunity to exchange new ideas and application experiences, establish business or research relations and find global partners for future collaboration.