In the 20 years since the pilot plant experiments used to develop the concept of electroviscoelasticity, inroads have been made in the understanding of its many related processes. Interfacial Electroviscoelasticity and Electrophoresis meets a massive scientific challenge by presenting deeper research and developments in the basic and applied science and engineering of finely dispersed particles and related systems. Introducing more profound and in-depth treatises related to the liquid-liquid finely dispersed systems (i.e., emulsions and double emulsions), this book describes a new theory developed through the authors' work. These findings are likely to impact other research and applications in a wide array of other fields, considering that the modeling of liquid-liquid interfaces is key to numerous chemical manufacturing processes, including those used for emulsions, suspensions, nanopowders, foams, biocolloids, and plasmas. The authors cover phenomena at the micro, nano, and atto-scales, and their techniques, theory, and supporting data will be of particular interest to nanoscientists, especially with regard to the breaking of emulsions. This groundbreaking book: Takes an interdisciplinary approach to elucidate the momentum transfer and electron transfer phenomena Covers less classical chemical engineering insight and modern molecular and atomic engineering Reviews basic theory of electrokinetics, using the electrophoresis of rigid particles as an example Built around the central themes of hydrodynamic, electrodynamic, and thermodynamic instabilities that occur at interfaces, this book addresses recently developed concepts in the physics, chemistry, and rheological properties of those well-studied interfaces of rigid and deformable particles in homo- and hetero-aggregate dispersed systems. The book also introduces the key phenomenon of electrophoresis, since it is widely adopted either as an analytical tool to characterize the surface properties of colloid-sized particles or in the separation and purification process of both laboratory and industrial scales. The applications and implications of the material presented in the book represent a major contribution to the advanced fundamental, applied, and engineering research of interfacial and colloidal phenomena.

A host of chemical substances have become essential parts of human activities and requirements for societal development. Any kind of misuse and/or negligence in handling these substances can cause health disorders, poisoning, and fatalities among unprotected workers and members of the public exposed to contaminated food, water, and air. Carefully organized for ease of use, Handbook of Chemicals and Safety provides a tool for the management of a range of chemical substances commonly used, handled, stored, transported, and disposed of as wastes. Written in an accessible style with just the right amount of technical rigor, the book covers: General fundamentals and specific hazards and effects of chemical substances The basics of exposures and responses to chemical substances in the work environment Toxic responses in different body systems General perspective on the problem of chemical exposures and the possible health effects The author includes substances such as industrial solvents, pesticides, metals, air pollutants, toxic gases, drugs, and other items. He supplies the chemical abstract system (CAS) number, IUPAC name, molecular formula, synonyms and trade names, use and exposure, toxicity and health effects, and carcinogen factors. He also includes information on exposure limits, methods of proper storage, and waste disposal. An important reference on exposure to different categories of chemical substances, the book stresses the importance of preparedness in any safety program. Taking a broad and interdisciplinary approach to chemicals and workplace safety, it provides guidance on the judicious management of chemical substances.

In recent years, sensor research has undergone a quiet revolution that will have a significant impact on a broad range of applications in areas such as health care, the environment, energy, food safety, national security, and manufacturing. Sensors for Chemical and Biological Applications discusses in detail the potential of chemical and biological sensors and examines how they are meeting the challenges of chem-bio terrorism by monitoring through enhanced specificity, fast response times, and the ability to determine multiple hazardous substances. Exploring the nanotechnology approach, and carrying this theme throughout the book, the chapters cover the sensing principles for, chemical, electrical, chromatographic, magnetic, biological, fluidic, optical, and ultrasonic and mass sensing systems. They address issues associated with cost, synthesis, and testing of new low cost materials with high sensitivity, selectivity, robustness, and speed for defined sensor applications. The book extensively discusses the detailed analysis of future impact of chemical and biological sensors in day-to-day life. Successful development of improved chemical sensor and biosensor systems and manufacturing procedures will not only increase the breadth and depth of the sensor industry, but will spill over into the design and manufacture of other types of sensors and devices that use nanofabrication and microfabrication techniques. This reference not only supplies versatile, hands-on tools useful in a broad array of disciplines, but also lays the interdisciplinary groundwork required for the achievement of sentient processing.

From the development of polymers that make cars lighter to fuels that make them run cleaner, the chemist's role in the automotive industry has evolved to be one that is more outside the laboratory than in it. Drawing on the author's 20 years of experience in vehicle design and laboratory experience, The Role of the Chemist in Automotive Design elucidates how the skills of chemists are put to use in the automotive industry and their effect on all phases of design. A glance through the table of contents provides an overview of the issues commonly encountered by chemists in the automotive industry. The author discusses fuels cells, lithium ion batteries, carbon nanotubes, and nickel metal hydride technology, all of which require the technical knowledge of a chemist but cross the lines of various disciplines. He also covers future technology including items such as battery technology, fuel cell membranes, and environmentally friendly plastics such as nylons that use castor oil as a primary component. The book examines environmental concerns such as CARB legislation and how the industry plans to deal with the new legislation with strategies such as Ozone Reduction Catalyst. The increasing technological, environmental, and economic issues facing the auto industry underscores the need for a basic reference that covers technologies that can be used to make vehicle more fuel efficient, environmentally friendly, and cost efficient. Exploring the expanding role chemists will play in future automotive design and technology, this book delineates the areas and technologies that require the technical knowledge of a chemist but that cross the lines of many disciplines.

Shorter reaction times, higher product yields, and enhanced selectivity are some of the advantages microwave heating has over conventional methods, causing its use to transition from a curiosity to mainstream, both in industrial and academic settings. Microwave Heating as a Tool for Sustainable Chemistry showcases the application of microwave heating in a number of areas of preparative chemistry as well as in the biosciences. From organic chemistry to materials and biological applications The book begins with an introduction to microwave heating, the physical concepts behind it, its application in synthetic chemistry, and commercially available microwave equipment. It shows how microwave heating can be used to facilitate the clean and sustainable synthesis of organic compounds. The authors examine microwave heating as a tool for sustainable polymer chemistry, with discussions of the use of alternative solvents and feedstocks, the design of degradable polymeric materials, and recycling polymers. They then discuss the significant contribution made by microwave-promoted synthesis in the drug discovery process, with a focus on how the technology has been used to generate discovery chemistry libraries and as a tool for medicinal chemists. Other topics examined in this application-driven text include the use of microwave heating in the preparation of inorganic and organometallic compounds, in the production of inorganic materials, and in the area of biosciences. Academic and industrial settings The book examines the scale-up of microwave-promoted chemistry and describes the various approaches and the current commercially available microwave reactors available for scale-up. It also discusses microwave heating as a tool for teaching in the undergraduate organic chemistry laboratory. It explores curriculum, the broad range of reactions that can be performed, and the incorporation of green chemistry principles. The author maintains a website with supplemental information.

Advances in genomics and combinatorial chemistry during the past two decades inspired innovative technologies and changes in the discovery and pre-clinical development paradigm with the goal of accelerating the process of bringing therapeutic drugs to market. Written by William Kisaalita, one of the foremost experts in this field, 3D Cell-Based Biosensors in Drug Discovery Programs: Microtissue Engineering for High Throughput Screening provides the latest information - from theory to practice - on challenges and opportunities for incorporating 3D cell-based biosensors or assays in drug discovery programs. The book supplies a historical perspective and defines the problem 3D cultures can solve. It also discusses how genomics and combinatorial chemistry have changed the way drug are discovered and presents data from the literature to underscore the less-than-desirable pharmaceutical industry performance under the new paradigm. The author uses results from his lab and those of other investigators to show how 3D micro environments create cell culture models that more closely reflect normal in vivo-like cell morphology and function. He makes a case for validated biomarkers for three-dimensionality in vitro and discusses the advantages and disadvantages of promising tools in the search of these biomarkers. The book concludes with case studies of drugs that were abandoned late in the discovery process, which would have been discarded early if tested with 3D cultures. Dr. Kisaalita presents evidence in support of embracing 3D cell-based systems for widespread use in drug discovery programs. He goes to the root of the issue, establishing the 3D cell-based biosensor physiological relevance by comparing 2D and 3D culture from genomic to functional levels. He then assembles the bioengineering principles behind successful 3D cell-based biosensor systems. Kisaalita also addresses the challenges and opportunities for incorporating 3D cell-based biosensors or cultures in current discovery and pre-clinical development programs. This book makes the case for widespread adoption of 3D cell-based systems, rendering their 2D counterparts, in the words of Dr. Kisaalita "quaint, if not archaic" in the near future.

Nanoporous materials are critical to various fields of research, including ion exchange, separation, catalysis, sensor applications, biological molecular isolation, and purification. In addition, they offer new opportunities in such areas as inclusion chemistry, guest-host synthesis, and molecular manipulations and reactions at the nanoscale. In Structure Property Correlations for Nanoporous Materials, pioneering researcher Abhijit Chatterjee guides experimentalists in their design of nanoporous material using computer simulation methodologies. The book begins with a comprehensive overview of nanoporous materials. It describes their function, examines their fundamental properties, including catalytic effects and adsorption, demonstrates their importance, explores their applications based on theoretical and experimental studies, and highlights the challenges they pose as well as their future prospects. Explores simulation methodologies Next, the book moves on to molecular modeling, placing a heavy focus on Monte Carlo simulation. It examines density functional theory (DFT) and local reactivity descriptors. It also discusses the synthesis of nanoporous materials, the structural characterization of materials in terms of chemical composition, spectroscopic analysis, mechanical stability, and porosity; and the design of new nanoporous materials. Dr. Chatterjee explores projected applications and concludes with a discussion of the catalytic activity of nanoporous materials and reaction mechanisms. The text is supplemented with experiments and simulation instructions to clarify the theoretical analysis. Conveying the significance of the combination of traditional experimental work and molecular simulation, the book enables experimentalists to achieve better results with less effort.

Thoroughly updated, Introduction to Polymers, Third Edition presents the science underpinning the synthesis, characterization and properties of polymers. The material has been completely reorganized and expanded to include important new topics and provide a coherent platform for teaching and learning the fundamental aspects of contemporary polymer science. New to the Third Edition Part I This first part covers newer developments in polymer synthesis, including 'living' radical polymerization, catalytic chain transfer and free-radical ring-opening polymerization, along with strategies for the synthesis of conducting polymers, dendrimers, hyperbranched polymers and block copolymers. Polymerization mechanisms have been made more explicit by showing electron movements. Part II In this part, the authors have added new topics on diffusion, solution behaviour of polyelectrolytes and field-flow fractionation methods. They also greatly expand coverage of spectroscopy, including UV visible, Raman, infrared, NMR and mass spectroscopy. In addition, the Flory-Huggins theory for polymer solutions and their phase separation is treated more rigorously. Part III A completely new, major topic in this section is multicomponent polymer systems. The book also incorporates new material on macromolecular dynamics and reptation, liquid crystalline polymers and thermal analysis. Many of the diagrams and micrographs have been updated to more clearly highlight features of polymer morphology. Part IV The last part of the book contains major new sections on polymer composites, such as nanocomposites, and electrical properties of polymers. Other new topics include effects of chain entanglements, swelling of elastomers, polymer fibres, impact behaviour and ductile fracture. Coverage of rubber-toughening of brittle plastics has also been revised and expanded. While this edition adds many new concepts, the philosophy of the book remains unchanged. Largely self-contained, the text fully derives most equations and cross-references topics between chapters where appropriate. Each chapter not only includes a list of further reading to help readers expand their knowledge of the subject but also provides problem sets to test understanding, particularly of numerical aspects.

Written by eminent researchers in the field, this text describes the theory of superconductivity and superfluidity starting from liquid helium and a charged Bose-gas. It also discusses the modern bipolaron theory of strongly coupled superconductors, which explains the basic physical properties of high-temperature superconductors. This book will be of interest to fourth year graduate and postgraduate students, specialist libraries, information centres and chemists working in high-temperature superconductivity.

With contributions from noted laboratory scientists, professors, and engineers, Hydrogen Energy and Vehicle Systems presents a new comprehensive approach for applying hydrogen-based technologies to the transportation and electric power generation sectors. It shows how these technologies can improve the efficiency and reliability of energy and transportation systems. The book's interdisciplinary approach to sustainable energy systems disproves common misconceptions regarding hydrogen technologies and demonstrates that hydrogen technologies are a viable part of a sustainable, stable, and secure energy infrastructure. The book discusses intelligent energy management schemes for hydrogen energy and vehicle systems, safety and environmental science related to hydrogen technologies, and the infrastructure required for safe, renewable hydrogen options. A clear and up-to-date resource on hydrogen systems, this work provides a balanced presentation of theoretical/technical and application aspects of hydrogen technologies. It presents all stakeholder perspectives and connects hydrogen technology through proper systems analysis and integration, covering both quantitative and qualitative factors.

The book provides a systematic and profound account of scientific challenges in fuel cell research. The introductory chapters bring readers up to date on the urgency and implications of the global energy challenge, the prospects of electrochemical energy conversion technologies, and the thermodynamic and electrochemical principles underlying the operation of polymer electrolyte fuel cells. The book then presents the scientific challenges in fuel cell research as a systematic account of distinct components, length scales, physicochemical processes, and scientific disciplines. The main part of the book focuses on theory and modeling. Theoretical tools and approaches, applied to fuel cell research, are presented in a self-contained manner. Chapters are arranged by different fuel cell materials and components, and sections advance through the hierarchy of scales, starting from molecular-level processes in proton-conducting media or electrocatalytic systems and ending with performance issues at the device level, including electrochemical performance, water management, durability, and analysis of failure mechanisms. Throughout, the book gives numerous examples of formidable scientific challenges as well as of tools to facilitate materials design and development of diagnostic methods. It reveals reserves for performance improvements and uncovers misapprehensions in scientific understanding that have misled or may continue to mislead technological development. An indispensable resource for scientifically minded and practically oriented researchers, this book helps industry leaders to appreciate the contributions of fundamental research, and leaders of fundamental research to appreciate the needs of industry.

Comprehensively covers the definition, methodology, and current applications of the principles of sustainability and resiliency in every engineering discipline This book contains detailed information about sustainability and resiliency principles and applications in engineering practice, and provides information on how to use scientific tools for sustainability assessment that help engineers select the best alternative for each project or activity. Logically organized around the three pillars of sustainability--environment, economy, and society--it is a primary resource for students and professionals alike. Sustainable Engineering: Drivers, Metrics, Tools, and Applications offers numerous ways to help engineers contribute towards global sustainable development while solving some of the grand challenges the world is facing today. The first part of the book covers the environmental, economic, and social impacts associated with project/product development as well as society as a whole. This is followed by a section devoted to sustainability metrics and assessment tools, which includes material flow analysis and material budget, carbon footprint analysis, life cycle assessment, environmental health risk assessment, and more. Next comes an in-depth examination of sustainable engineering practices, including sustainable energy engineering, sustainable waste management, and green and sustainable buildings. The book concludes with a look at how sustainable engineering may be applied to different engineering (i.e. environmental, chemical, civil, materials, infrastructure) projects. Some of the key features of this book include the following: Provides a complete and sensible understanding of the important concepts of sustainability, resiliency, and sustainable engineering Offers detailed explanations of sustainable engineering practices in waste management and remediation of contaminated sites, civil construction and infrastructure, and climate geoengineering Presents a set of case studies across different engineering disciplines such as bio/chemical, environmental, materials, construction, and infrastructure engineering that demonstrate the practical applicability of sustainability assessment tools to diverse projects Includes questions at the end of each chapter as well as a solutions manual for academic adopters The depth of coverage found in Sustainable Engineering: Drivers, Metrics, Tools, and Applications makes it an ideal textbook for graduate students across all engineering disciplines and a handy resource for active professionals.

Biotechnology has immense potential for resolving environmental problems and augmenting food production. Particularly, it offers solutions for converting solid wastes into value-added items. In food processing industries that generate voluminous by-products and wastes, valorization can help offset growing environmental problems and facilitate the sustainable use of available natural resources. Valorization of Food Processing By-Products describes the potential of this relatively new concept in the field of industrial residues management. The debut book in CRC Press's new Fermented Foods and Beverages Series, this volume explores the current state of the art in food processing by-products with respect to their generation, methods of disposal, and problems faced in terms of waste and regulation. It reviews the basic fundamental principles of waste recycling, including process engineering economics and the microbiology and biochemical and nutritional aspects of food processing. It discusses fermentation techniques available for valorization of food processing by-products, enzyme technologies, and analytical techniques and instrumentation. Individual chapters examine the by-products of plant-based and animal-based food industries. The book also delves into socioeconomic considerations and environmental concerns related to food processing by-products. It surveys research gaps and areas ripe for further inquiry as well as future trends in the field. An essential reference for researchers and practitioners in the food science and food technology industry, this volume is also poised to inspire those who wish to take on valorization of food by-products as a professional endeavor. A contribution toward sustainability, valorization makes maximum use of agricultural produce while employing low-energy and cost-effective processes.

The component parts of a manufacturing system are important. Without peripherals and services such as pumps, boilers, power transmission, water treatment, waste disposal, and efficient lighting, the system will collapse. Food Plant Engineering Systems, Second Edition fills the need for a reference dealing with the bits and pieces that keep systems running, and also with how the peripheral parts of a processing plant fit within the bigger picture. The author has gathered information from diverse sources to introduce readers to the ancillary equipment used in processing industries, including production line components and environmental control systems. He explores the buildings and facilities as well as the way various parts of a plant interact to increase plant production. This new edition covers the systems approach to Lean manufacturing, introducing Lean principles to the food industry. It also addresses sustainability and environmental issues, which were not covered in the first edition. Written so readers with only basic mathematical knowledge will benefit from the content, the text describes measurements and numbers as well as general calculations, including mass and energy balances. It addresses the properties of fluids, pumps, and piping, and provides a brief discussion of thermodynamics. In addition, it explores electrical system motors, starters, heating, and lights; heating systems and steam generation; cooling and refrigeration systems; and water, waste, and material handling systems. The text also deals with plant design, including location, foundations, floors, walls, roofs, drains, and insulation. The final chapter presents an overview of safety and OSHA regulations, and the appendices provide conversion tables and an introduction to mathematics.

Introduction to Crystal Growth: Principles and Practice teaches readers about crystals and their origins. It offers a historical perspective of the subject and includes background information whenever possible. The first section of this introductory book takes readers through the historical development and motivation of the field of crystal growth. With more than 40 years of experience in the field, the author covers nucleation, two-dimensional layer growth mechanism, defects in crystals, and screw dislocation theory of crystal growth. He also explains some aspects of the important subject of phase diagrams. The second section focuses on the experimental techniques of crystal growth. For practicing crystal growers, the book provides nuts-and-bolts techniques and tips. It discusses the major techniques categorized by solid-solid, liquid-solid, and vapor-solid equilibria and describes characterization techniques essential to measuring the quality of grown crystals.

With the advent of modern tools of molecular biology and genetic engineering and new skills in metabolic engineering and synthetic biology, fermentation technology for industrial applications has developed enormously in recent years. Reflecting these advances, Fermentation Processes Engineering in the Food Industry explores the state of the art of the engineering technology aspects of fermentation processes in diverse food sectors. The book describes the benefits of fermented foods in human health in both dairy and non-dairy products and beverages. It examines applications of microalgae in the food industry and explains the application of metabolic engineering in the production of fermented food ingredients. Exploring a host of important topics in engineering fermentation processes, the book covers topics such as: Methods and techniques for the isolation, improvement, and preservation of the microbial cultures used in the food fermentation industry The fundamentals of fermentation processes, modes of fermentation, and the principles of upstream operation Physical and chemicals factors that affect fermentation processes Different types of fermenters employed in submerged and solid-state fermentation Unitary operations for solid-liquid separation, concentration, and drying of fermented foods Instrumentation and control of industrial fermentation processes The final chapter discusses the potential application of a biorefinery concept to add value to food industry wastes and presents a case study describing an integrated project in which the concept was applied. An essential reference for all food sector professionals, this volume surveys critical trends in the food, beverage, and additive industry and explores the sustainability of these processes.

A fresh view of the state-of-the-art, Advances in Food Extrusion Technology focuses on extruder selection, extrudate development, quality parameters, and troubleshooting in the 21st century extrusion process. In particular, the book: Introduces the history, nomenclature, and working principles of extrusion technology Presents an overview of various types of extruders as well as parts and components of an extruder for design considerations Discusses extruder selection and design, fluid flow problem with different types of raw materials, and heat transfer and viscous energy dissipation, with advantages and limitations for particular cases Emphasizes recent research while providing an overview of trends previously reported in the literature Covers the coinjection of food substances into an extruder die with the objective of creating defined colored patterns, adding internal flavors, and achieving other food injection applications into cereal-based extruded products Describes thermal and nonthermal extrusion of protein products Discussing the influence of design and raw materials on extruder performance and nutritional value, this book covers current and developing products from cereal-based snacks to pet food. In addition to the usual benefits of heat processing, extrusion offers the possibility of modifying and expanding the functional properties of food ingredients. Designed for both the active and future food scientist, this book is an exciting addition to a creative and ever-evolving field.

Covers the fundamentals of organic chemistry Includes a test yourself section with answers and complete explanations at the end of each chapter Provides bibliographies for further reading, as well as numerous graphs, charts, and examples Discusses all critical topics of organic chemistry including conformations, acids and bases and more Presents renowned author's classroom experiences

Taking a highly pragmatic approach to presenting the principles and applications of chemical engineering, this companion text for students and working professionals offers an easily accessible guide to solving problems using computers. The primer covers the core concepts of chemical engineering, from conservation laws all the way up to chemical kinetics, without heavy stress on theory and is designed to accompany traditional larger core texts. The book presents the basic principles and techniques of chemical engineering processes and helps readers identify typical problems and how to solve them. Focus is on the use of systematic algorithms that employ numerical methods to solve different chemical engineering problems by describing and transforming the information. Problems are assigned for each chapter, ranging from simple to difficult, allowing readers to gradually build their skills and tackle a broad range of problems. MATLAB and Excel (R) are used to solve many examples and the more than 70 real examples throughout the book include computer or hand solutions, or in many cases both. The book also includes a variety of case studies to illustrate the concepts and a downloadable file containing fully worked solutions to the book's problems on the publisher's website. Introduces the reader to chemical engineering computation without the distractions caused by the contents found in many texts. Provides the principles underlying all of the major processes a chemical engineer may encounter as well as offers insight into their analysis, which is essential for design calculations. Shows how to solve chemical engineering problems using computers that require numerical methods using standard algorithms, such as MATLAB (R) and Excel (R). Contains selective solved examples of many problems within the chemical process industry to demonstrate how to solve them using the techniques presented in the text. Includes a variety of case studies to illustrate the concepts and a downloadable file containing fully worked solutions to problems on the publisher's website. Offers non-chemical engineers who are expected to work with chemical engineers on projects, scale-ups and process evaluations a solid understanding of basic concepts of chemical engineering analysis, design, and calculations.

In the industry of manufacturing and design, one major constraint has been enhancing operating performance using less time. As technology continues to advance, manufacturers are looking for better methods in predicting the condition and residual lifetime of electronic devices in order to save repair costs and their reputation. Intelligent systems are a solution for predicting the reliability of these components; however, there is a lack of research on the advancements of this smart technology within the manufacturing industry. AI Techniques for Reliability Prediction for Electronic Components provides emerging research exploring the theoretical and practical aspects of prediction methods using artificial intelligence and machine learning in the manufacturing field. Featuring coverage on a broad range of topics such as data collection, fault tolerance, and health prognostics, this book is ideally designed for reliability engineers, electronic engineers, researchers, scientists, students, and faculty members seeking current research on the advancement of reliability analysis using AI.

This book focuses on important aspects of materials chemistry by providing an overview of the theoretical aspects of materials chemistry, by describing the characterization and analysis methods for materials, and by explaining physical transport mechanisms in various materials. Not only does this book summarize the classical theories of materials chemistry, but also it exhibits their engineering applications in response to the current key issues. The chapters provide practical equations, figures, and references, providing suitable complement to the text. This book is designed to provide important information for scientists and engineers on experimental research in materials chemistry using modern methods. The methods and instrumentation described represent modern analytical techniques useful to researchers, product development specialists, and quality control experts in polymer synthesis and manufacturing.

A comprehensive resource on the regulations, applications, properties and processing of pigments used in color cosmetics, now in its second edition. Coloring the Cosmetic World is a highly practical guide to colorant selection for product formulations in the modern cosmetics and toiletries industry. Providing the essential knowledge required to successfully incorporate pigments into cosmetic formulations, this unique resource covers all essential aspects of color selection--including regulations, economics, color esthetics, and stability--as well as processing, color measurement, pigment testing, natural colorants, and more. This new edition contains carefully revised content and includes updated coverage of economic and regulatory criteria. Drawing upon their decades of experience in the color industry, the author and editor focus on the specific color additives that are approved for use in cosmetics formulations. The book's twelve in-depth chapters include full masstone representations of numerous pigments to help readers appreciate subtleties and differences in absorption pigments, effect pigments, specialty pigments, and others. Appendices contain various pigment test methods, a glossary, and an up-to-date listing of treated pigment patents. Covering the chemistry, regulations, evaluation, processing, and properties of worldwide cosmetic pigments, this one-of-a-kind book: Covers the common pigments used in lipsticks, face makeup, eye shadow, mascara, nail lacquer, and other color cosmetics Provides detailed information on a variety of specific pigments, including their chemical properties, esthetic quality, and application in a wide range of products Discusses regulatory considerations and the economics of selecting colors for use in different decorative cosmetics Highlights practical concerns such as colorants' stability, interactions with other chemicals, manufacturing conditions, and packaging Explains how the effects of heat, light, pH, humidity, and other environmental factors inform pigment selection for different product types and use cases Coloring the Cosmetic World: Using Pigments in Decorative Cosmetic Formulations, Second Edition, is an indispensable guide for cosmetic chemists, a useful reference for purchasing agents, supply coordinators, and marketers working in the cosmetics industry, and a valuable supplementary text for undergraduate and graduate university programs in the field.

Hydrogenation with Low-Cost Transition Metals describes recent developments in the preparation of catalysts and their catalytic abilities in chemoselective hydrogenation for the production of fine chemicals and pharmaceutical compounds. Emphasizing the use of low-cost metals (Cu, Ni, Fe, and Ag) that are often present in the form of nanoparticles, the book provides valuable reaction mechanism schemes, engineering solutions, and perspective for the field.

CONTENTS - 1. SPECIAL REAGENTS - 2. INGOT COPPER - Copper; Lead and Iron; Bismuth; Antimony and Arsenic; Sulfur - 3. BRASSES AND BRONZES - Sequence Procedure for Copper, Lead, Tin, Nickel, and Iron in Brasses and Bronzes with Less than 0.3% Iron and No Manganese; Zinc; Phosphorus; Antimony; Sulfur; Sequence Procedure for Copper, Lead, Tin, Manganese, Nickel, Iron, and Aluminum in Manganese Bronzes; Zinc; Sequence Procedure for Copper, Lead, Tin, Manganese, Iron, and Aluminum in Copper-Nickel Alloys; Nickel; Zinc; Sequence Procedure for Copper, Lead, Iron, Nickel, and Manganese in Silicon Bronzes; Silicon and Tin; Aluminum; Phosphorus; Zinc; Sequence Procedure for Copper, Lead, Tin, Manganese, Nickel, and Iron in Copper-Beryllium Alloys; Cobalt; Silicon and Beryllium; Sequence Procedure for Copper, Lead, Iron, Nickel, Manganese, and Zinc in Copper-Arsenic Alloys; Aluminum; Silicon and Tin; Phosphorus; Arsenic - 4. MONEL METAL AND NICKEL METAL - Sequence Procedure for Silicon, Copper, Manganese, Iron, Aluminum, and Cobalt; Sulfur; Chromium; Titanium - 5. ALUMINUM ALLOYS - Sequence Procedure for Copper, Lead, Manganese, Iron, and Nickel; Copper in Separate Sample; Iron in Separate Sample; Zinc; Silicon; Magnesium; Titanium; Chromium; Tin; Copper, Lead, and Bismuth - 6. MAGNESIUM ALLOYS - Aluminum by the Succinate Method; Aluminum Colorimetrically; Zinc (over 1.5%) Electrolytically; Zinc (Less than 1.5%) by H28-ZnO Method; Sequence Procedure for Copper, Iron, and Nickel; Silicon; Manganese; Tin - 7. ZINC METAL (SPELTER) - Sequence Procedure for Tin, Copper, Lead, Iron, and Aluminum; Cadmium - 8. ZINC-BASE DIE-CASTING ALLOYS - Sequence Procedure for Tin, Copper, Lead, and Iron; Cadmium; Aluminum Colorimetrically; Aluminum and Magnesium by Mercury-Cathode Method - 9. CADMIUM METAL - Cadmium; Sequence Procedure for Tin, Lead, Iron, and Aluminum; Sequence Procedure for Silver, Copper, and Bismuth; Arsenic and Antimony; Zinc - 10. TIN METAL - Sequence Procedure for Bismuth, Copper, Lead, Iron and Zinc; Antimony; Arsenic - 11. LEAD METAL - Sequence Procedure for Tin, Silver, Iron, Bismuth and Copper; Antimony and Arsenic; Zinc - 12. LEAD-BASE BEARING METAL - Lead; Tin; Antimony; Arsenic; Copper; Bismuth; Iron - 13. TIN-BASE BEARING METAL - Tin; Antimony; Arsenic; Lead; Copper; Bismuth; Iron - 14. LEAD-TIN SOLDERS - Determination of Flux (Rosin Core); Determination of Flux (Zinc Chloride Core); Lead; Tin; Antimony; Arsenic; Copper; Bismuth; Iron - 15. SILVER SOLDERS - Sequence Procedure for Silver, Copper, Cadmium and Zinc; Sequence Procedure for Tin, Lead, Iron, and Nickel - 16. FUSIBLE BISMUTH ALLOYS - Sequence Procedure for Bismuth, Lead, and Cadmium - Index -

Enzymes are currently used in various industries, most commonly in food, detergents, and pharmaceuticals production. Lipases are hydrolytic enzymes that demonstrate great potential as an alternative to conventional catalysts in a number of industrial applications. A complete understanding of enzymes, and their proteins structure and environmental behavior, can greatly aid in the further development of industrial applications. Supercritical Fluids Technology in Lipase Catalized Processes provides basic information about enzymes, their sources, reaction kinetics, and main industrial applications. The book focuses in lipases. their main sources, structure, and features, with an emphasis on their specificity and interfacial activity, and presents proven techniques for isolating, extracting, and purifying. Comprised of six compact chapters, this comprehensive guide introduces: Immobilization techniques and immobilized lipases that allow repeated use (which is essential from an economic point of view) Different bioreactor configurations using immobilized lipases The latest information on the available technologies in lipolytic reactions The advantages of nonaqueous media in biochemical synthesis over aqueous and solvent-free systems Material on the use of lipases in nonaqueous media to overcome the drawbacks usually encountered with the use of conventional chemical catalysts The use of supercritical fluids (SCFs) as a green alternative reaction medium Factors affecting the physical properties of lipases in this medium and, hence, their activity and stability A case study using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) for biodiesel production Novel, cutting-edge technology, using immobilized enzymes to reduce the overall production cost Supercritical Fluids Technology in Lipase Catalized Processes outlines the main industrial applications of common enzymes and discusses relevant challenges and innovations emerging in the field.