This book provides an introduction to basic concepts in the design of safe laboratories. Many of the chapters in this volume are based on papers presented in a symposium sponsored by the American Chemical Society's Committee on Chemical Safety and the Division of Chemical Health and Safety. Topics covered within the book include different perspectives on the design of safe laboratories, generic issues affecting the design of safe laboratories, ventilation and fume hoods, putting laboratory design and safety principles into practice, and working together to design safe laboratories. This publication is intended for individuals and businesses interested in incorporating safety design into laboratory construction and remodeling projects.

This book overviews methods for the synthesis of metal-containing monomers with various types of metal bonds to the organic moiety of the molecule, such as ionic, covalent, donor-acceptor, and others. Published data on homopolymerization, copolymerization, and graft polymerization of these monomers are generalized. Synthesis and Polymerization of Metal-Containing Monomers discusses features typical of the molecular and structural organization of the resulting metal-containing polymers, their properties and the associated major applications, such as catalytical and biological activity, electrophysical characteristics, and thermal resistance.

Hazard assessment of EO has involved consideration of the chemical composition, characteristics, and reactivity of this material. Teratogenic effects of EO are only seen under extreme conditions that render the result questionable. Reproductive effects or minor severity occur only at high levels of exposer. Epidemiological and other studies of occupational exposure to EO in men and women have revealed no substantial evidence of potential to produce cancer in the work place.

Hazardous energy present in systems, machines, and equipment has injured, maimed, and killed many workers. One serious injury can stop the growth of your business in its tracks. Management of Hazardous Energy: Deactivation, De-Energization, Isolation, and Lockout provides the practical tools needed to assess hazardous energy in equipment, machines, and systems, and covers how to manage hazardous energy through elimination or control in order to ensure worker safety and regulatory compliance. Written in plain English with a minimum of jargon, this book provides safety professionals with the knowledge they need to interact with specialists, designers, and engineers to ensure that appropriate and necessary protocols and safety practices and tools are put into place for assessing the dangers and steps taken to eliminate or control exposure to hazardous energy when needed. Approaching the subject from the bottom up, the author starts at the workplace level, to ensure that the right actions happen for the right reasons. The book explains a protocol for describing the flow of energy, including transformation and/or storage; for capturing the logic of decisions about control, including failure analysis and contingency planning; and ultimately for creating procedures that are technically sound and defensible. Creating simple procedures for ensuring worker safety and regulatory compliance, the book offers US and international strategies for hazardous energy management and contains examples to illustrate the application of concepts to specific areas.

Foam fractionation is a separation process in which proteins and other amphipathic species adsorb to the surface of bubbles. The bubbles are then removed from the solution in the form of foam at the top of a column. Due to its cost-effectiveness, foam fractionation has the potential for rapid commercial growth, especially in biotechnology. To assist in the widespread adoption of this highly affordable yet powerful process, Foam Fractionation: Principles and Process Design: Provides a systematic explanation of the underlying physics of foam fractionation Discusses the fundamentals of molecular adsorption to gas liquid interfaces and the dynamics of foam Describes foam fractionation process intensification strategies Supplies design guidance for plant-scale installations Contains the latest knowledge of foam fractionation transport processes Presents a case study of the world's largest commercial foam fractionation plant producing the food preservative Nisin Foam Fractionation: Principles and Process Design capitalizes on the authors' extensive practical experience of foam fractionation and allied processes to give process engineers, industrial designers, chemical engineers, academics, and graduate students alike a greater understanding of the mechanistic basis and real-world applications of foam fractionation.

In the process industry, shutdown and turnaround costs are responsible for an excessive amount of maintenance expenses. Process Plants: Shutdown and Turnaround Management explores various types of shutdowns, presents recommendations for better management, and offers feasible solutions to help reduce overheads. Because turnaround management is the largest maintenance activity, plant turnaround is the focal point of this text. The book details a plan to lengthen the interval between turnarounds, and curtail costs in process production management by at least 30 percent. This practical guidebook provides a thorough study of shutdown management, discusses different types of shutdown and managing events (emergency, unplanned, planned, and turnaround), and covers all aspects of plant turnaround management including startup, shutdown, and maintenance. It describes the five phases of shutdown management-initiating, planning, executing, controlling, and closing. It contains specific principles and precautions for successful shutdown planning, and highlights many aspects including turnaround philosophy, planning and scheduling, estimation, contractor management, execution, safety management, managing human resources, and post shut down review. Process Plants: Shutdown and Turnaround Management also includes topical information that readers can successfully apply to future shutdown projects. It is suitable for industry professionals and graduate students.

During the upgrading of heavy petroleum, asphaltene is the most problematic impurity since it is the main cause of catalyst deactivation and sediments formation. Exploring many aspects related to asphaltenes composition and conversion, Asphaltenes: Chemical Transformation during Hydroprocessing of Heavy Oils highlights the various changes that these heavy and complex molecules undergo during catalytic hydroprocessing. After defining and characterizing asphaltene structure, the book examines the composition of petroleum and the processes and catalysts for upgrading heavy oils. It then details the characterization of asphaltenes after hydroprocessing and the effect of reaction conditions on their structures. The authors also analyze the deactivation and characterization of spent hydroprocessing catalysts as well as the role played by asphaltenes. They cover sediments formation during hydroprocessing and the role of asphaltenes on it. The final chapters describe the hydrocracking and kinetics of asphaltenes and the fractionation of heavy crudes and asphaltenes. Due to the increasing production of heavy crude oils, asphaltene has become one of the most studied molecules. This book provides a deep understanding of how asphaltenes transform during hydroprocessing, offering insight on designing catalysts and processing for the upgrading of heavy oils.

The use of photoinitiators in the UV curing process shows remarkable possibilities in myriad applications. Highlighting critical factors such as reactivity, cure speeds, and application details, Industrial Photoinitiators: A Technical Guide is a practical, accessible, industrially oriented text that explains the theory, describes the products, and outlines the practice in simple language for the novice and expert alike. The basics of UV light The book begins by examining the nature of UV light and the types of commercial UV lamps that are available. It discusses the light absorption process and the excited states that are produced by the photoinitiator prior to the production of radicals. Next, the book examines the structure of the photoinitiator and the mechanism by which a reactive species is formed, along with the deactivating processes that inhibit the various photophysical and photochemical steps that occur as radicals are produced. Commercial photoinitiators Providing a list of companies and suppliers, the author explores the distinct groups of commercial photoinitiators and the variations in their structure. He describes the factors that determine which photoinitiators should be chosen for a particular application and how the different types are used. He also explains the reasons why a cured coating may display yellowing and describes the use of stabilizers to reduce the yellowing effect. Cationic curing Exploring a small but growing area of interest in the UV curing industry, the book concludes by discussing cationic curing and examines the different scope of parameters and different chemistry involved. It also describes factors that affect the use of cationic photoinitiators. Based on more than 30 years of experience working with photoinitiators, W. Arthur Green offers

Omitting complicated chemistry concepts, Polyurethane Casting Primer presents practical details on the casting of polyurethane products to assist readers in their daily work. It covers fundamental methods, explores hands-on design and production topics, and keeps theory to a minimum. The book fully explains casting and allied processes. Starting from a "bucket and paddle mix" open pour, postcuring machining, bonding, and painting, it discusses how to produce quality products continuously. The author describes the necessary precautions for maintaining the health and safety of workers. He covers the properties of polyurethane systems, the tests and results of polyurethanes commonly used in compression, and the correct grade and processing of polyurethanes for meeting customer requirements. He also reveals how to fix issues such as molding problems and premature end of life. The versatility of polyurethane enables a wide range of applications, from simple, noncritical parts to vital engineering products. This book guides manufacturers in designing and producing polyurethane products. Batch calculations are available for download at www.crcpress.com

Stochastic Process Optimization using Aspen (R) Plus Bookshop Category: Chemical Engineering Optimization can be simply defined as "choosing the best alternative among a set of feasible options". In all the engineering areas, optimization has a wide range of applications, due to the high number of decisions involved in an engineering environment. Chemical engineering, and particularly process engineering, is not an exception; thus stochastic methods are a good option to solve optimization problems for the complex process engineering models. In this book, the combined use of the modular simulator Aspen (R) Plus and stochastic optimization methods, codified in MATLAB, is presented. Some basic concepts of optimization are first presented, then, strategies to use the simulator linked with the optimization algorithm are shown. Finally, examples of application for process engineering are discussed. The reader will learn how to link the process simulator Aspen (R) Plus and stochastic optimization algorithms to solve process design problems. They will gain ability to perform multi-objective optimization in several case studies. Key Features: * The book links simulation and optimization through numerical analyses and stochastic optimization techniques * Includes use of examples to illustrate the application of the concepts and specific guidance on the use of software (Aspen (R) Plus, Excel, MATLB) to set up and solve models representing complex problems. * Illustrates several examples of applications for the linking of simulation and optimization software with other packages for optimization purposes. * Provides specific information on how to implement stochastic optimization with process simulators. * Enable readers to identify practical and economic solutions to problems of industrial relevance, enhancing the safety, operation, environmental, and economic performance of chemical processes.

The equations used to describe dynamic properties of physical systems are often nonlinear, and it is rarely possible to find their solutions. Although numerical solutions are impractical and graphical techniques are not useful for many types of systems, there are different theorems and methods that are useful regarding qualitative properties of nonlinear systems and their solutions-system stability being the most crucial property. Without stability, a system will not have value. Nonlinear Systems Stability Analysis: Lyapunov-Based Approach introduces advanced tools for stability analysis of nonlinear systems. It presents the most recent progress in stability analysis and provides a complete review of the dynamic systems stability analysis methods using Lyapunov approaches. The author discusses standard stability techniques, highlighting their shortcomings, and also describes recent developments in stability analysis that can improve applicability of the standard methods. The text covers mostly new topics such as stability of homogonous nonlinear systems and higher order Lyapunov functions derivatives for stability analysis. It also addresses special classes of nonlinear systems including time-delayed and fuzzy systems. Presenting new methods, this book provides a nearly complete set of methods for constructing Lyapunov functions in both autonomous and nonautonomous systems, touching on new topics that open up novel research possibilities. Gathering a body of research into one volume, this text offers information to help engineers design stable systems using practice-oriented methods and can be used for graduate courses in a range of engineering disciplines.

Data collection, compression, storage, and interpretation have become mature technologies over the years. Extraction of meaningful information from the process historical database seems to be a natural and logical choice. In view of this, the proposed book aims to apply the data driven knowledge base in ensuring safe process operation through timely detection of process abnormal and normal operating conditions, assuring product quality and analyzing biomedical signal leading to diagnostic tools. The book poses an open invitation for an interface which is required henceforth, in practical implementation of the propositions and possibilities referred in the book. It poses a challenge to the researchers in academia towards the development of more sophisticated algorithms. The proposed book also incites applications in diversified areas. Key Features: Presents discussion of several modern and popular chemometric techniques Introduces specific illustrative industrial applications using the chemometric techniques Demonstrates several applications to beverage quality monitoring Provides all the algorithms developed for the automated device design, data files, sources for biomedical signals and their pre-processing steps, and all the process models requited to simulate process normal/faulty data Includes casestudy-based approach to the topics with MATLAB and SIMULINK source codes

MATLAB (R) has become one of the prominent languages used in research and industry and often described as "the language of technical computing". The focus of this book will be to highlight the use of MATLAB (R) in technical computing; or more specifically, in solving problems in Process Simulations. This book aims to bring a practical approach to expounding theories: both numerical aspects of stability and convergence, as well as linear and nonlinear analysis of systems. The book is divided into three parts which are laid out with a "Process Analysis" viewpoint. First part covers system dynamics followed by solution of linear and nonlinear equations, including Differential Algebraic Equations (DAE) while the last part covers function approximation and optimization. Intended to be an advanced level textbook for numerical methods, simulation and analysis of process systems and computational programming lab, it covers following key points * Comprehensive coverage of numerical analyses based on MATLAB for chemical process examples. * Includes analysis of transient behavior of chemical processes. * Discusses coding hygiene, process animation and GUI exclusively. * Treatment of process dynamics, linear stability, nonlinear analysis and function approximation through contemporary examples. * Focus on simulation using MATLAB to solve ODEs and PDEs that are frequently encountered in process systems.

Biohydrogen Production: Fundamentals and Technology Advances covers the fundamentals of biohydrogen production technology, including microbiology, biochemistry, feedstock requirements, and molecular biology of the biological hydrogen production processes. It also gives insight into scale-up problems and limitations. In addition, the book discusses mathematical modeling of the various processes involved in biohydrogen production and the software required to model the processes. The book summarizes research advances that have been made in this field and discusses bottlenecks of the various processes, which presently limit the commercialization of this technology. The authors also focus on the process economy, policy, and environmental impact of this technology, since the future of biohydrogen production depends not only on research advances, but also on economic considerations (the cost of fossil fuels), social espousal, and the development of H2 energy systems. The book describes the fundamentals of this technology interwoven with more advanced research findings. Further reading is suggested at the end of each chapter. Since the beauty of any innovation is its applicability, socioeconomic impact, and cost energy analysis, the book examines each of these points to give you a holistic picture of this technology. Illustrative diagrams, flow charts, and comprehensive tables detailing the scientific advancements provide an opportunity to understand the process comprehensively and meticulously. Written in a lucid style, the book supplies a complete knowledge bank about biohydrogen production processes.

Complex multiscale systems such as combined free or porous flow regimes and transport processes governed by combined diffusion, convection and reaction mechanisms, which cannot be readily modeled using traditional methods, can be solved by multiscale or stabilized finite element schemes.

Due to the importance of the described multiscale processes in applications such as separation processes, reaction engineering and environmental systems analysis, a sound knowledge of such methods is essential for many researchers and design engineers who wish to develop reliable solutions for industrially relevant problems. The main scope of this book is to provide an authoritative description of recent developments in the field of finite element analysis, with a particular emphasis on the multiscale finite element modeling of transport phenomena and flow problem.

This book, cohesively written by an expert author with supreme breadth and depth of perspective on polyurethanes, provides a comprehensive overview of all aspects of the science and technology on one of the most commonly produced plastics. Covers the applications, manufacture, and markets for polyurethanes, and discusses analytical methods, reaction mechanisms, morphology, and synthetic routes Provides an up-to-date view of the current markets and trend analysis based on patent activity and updates chapters to include new research Includes two new chapters on PU recycling and PU hybrids, covering the opportunities and challenges in both

International experts have contributed key chapters to this major work on groundwater contamination. Section 1: Methodology and Modeling deals with both organic and inorganic contaminants, including those from agricultural operations. Section 2: Case Studies presents contamination scenarios with both inorganic and organic chemicals including agriculturally-related constituents, such as the nitrates.
This important new publication is a welcome addition to the literature and will enhance recent information on methodology, modeling and real-world situations. It is of interest to scientists and planners in local and national government; environmental chemists, geochemists, geologists, and health and safety officers; river authorities; hydrologists; and the mining and land reclamation industries.

This new edition of The Expanding World of Chemical Engineering provides an overview of recent and future developments in chemical engineering and future aspects in chemical engineering. The book is written by leading researchers in various fields of expertise and covers most important topics in chemical engineering. The topics covered include; computer application, material design, supercritical fluid technology, colloid and powder technology, new equipment, bio and medical technology and environmental preservation and remediation. This is a valuable book for students at all levels as well as for practitioners in chemical engineering and industry.

Enzymes are currently used in various industries, most commonly in food, detergents, and pharmaceuticals production. Lipases are hydrolytic enzymes that demonstrate great potential as an alternative to conventional catalysts in a number of industrial applications. A complete understanding of enzymes, and their proteins structure and environmental behavior, can greatly aid in the further development of industrial applications. Supercritical Fluids Technology in Lipase Catalized Processes provides basic information about enzymes, their sources, reaction kinetics, and main industrial applications. The book focuses in lipases. their main sources, structure, and features, with an emphasis on their specificity and interfacial activity, and presents proven techniques for isolating, extracting, and purifying. Comprised of six compact chapters, this comprehensive guide introduces: Immobilization techniques and immobilized lipases that allow repeated use (which is essential from an economic point of view) Different bioreactor configurations using immobilized lipases The latest information on the available technologies in lipolytic reactions The advantages of nonaqueous media in biochemical synthesis over aqueous and solvent-free systems Material on the use of lipases in nonaqueous media to overcome the drawbacks usually encountered with the use of conventional chemical catalysts The use of supercritical fluids (SCFs) as a green alternative reaction medium Factors affecting the physical properties of lipases in this medium and, hence, their activity and stability A case study using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2) for biodiesel production Novel, cutting-edge technology, using immobilized enzymes to reduce the overall production cost Supercritical Fluids Technology in Lipase Catalized Processes outlines the main industrial applications of common enzymes and discusses relevant challenges and innovations emerging in the field.

Data collection, compression, storage, and interpretation have become mature technologies over the years. Extraction of meaningful information from the process historical database seems to be a natural and logical choice. In view of this, the proposed book aims to apply the data driven knowledge base in ensuring safe process operation through timely detection of process abnormal and normal operating conditions, assuring product quality and analyzing biomedical signal leading to diagnostic tools. The book poses an open invitation for an interface which is required henceforth, in practical implementation of the propositions and possibilities referred in the book. It poses a challenge to the researchers in academia towards the development of more sophisticated algorithms. The proposed book also incites applications in diversified areas. Key Features: Presents discussion of several modern and popular chemometric techniques Introduces specific illustrative industrial applications using the chemometric techniques Demonstrates several applications to beverage quality monitoring Provides all the algorithms developed for the automated device design, data files, sources for biomedical signals and their pre-processing steps, and all the process models requited to simulate process normal/faulty data Includes casestudy-based approach to the topics with MATLAB and SIMULINK source codes

Rapid detection and indication of the microbiological quality of liquids is an emerging topic that has high potential for numerous applications in the fields of environmental monitoring, industrial process control and medical surveillance. Latest technologies allow online and near-real-time quantitative or qualitative microbial measurements with a significantly higher temporal resolution than traditional methods. Such novel developments will significantly enhance quality monitoring of water resources and liquids and have great capability for automation, control and optimization of industrial processes. Therefore, such methods are assumed to have major impacts on scientific research and technical applications in the near future. The book presents cutting edge research on frontiers in microbiological detection from leading experts: Seven chapters containing review articles on emerging and state-of-the-art online and near-real-time methods of microorganism detection and - indication are giving a comprehensive insight into this novel field. A balance between chapters from industry and contributions from academia was aimed for, covering the broad field of microbiological quality of waters and liquids in environmental, industrial and medical systems. This handbook also contains an extensive glossary pointing out and describing relevant terms and definitions. This handbook is the first of its kind and is a timely, comprehensive source of information for researchers and engineers in the areas of biotechnology, environmental sciences, control technology and the process industries.

While the interdisciplinary field of materials science and engineering is relatively new, remarkable developments in materials have emerged for biological and medical applications, from biocompatible polymers in medical devices to the use of carbon nanotubes as drug delivery vehicles. Exploring these materials and applications, Materials in Biology and Medicine presents the background and real-world examples of advanced materials in biomedical engineering, biology, and medicine. With peer-reviewed chapters written by a select group of academic and industry experts, the book focuses on biomaterials and bioinspired materials, functional and responsive materials, controlling biology with materials, and the development of devices and enabling technologies. It fully describes the relevant scientific background and thoroughly discusses the logical sequences of new development and applications. Presenting a consistent scientific treatment of all topics, this comprehensive yet accessible book covers the most advanced materials used in biology and medicine. It will help readers tackle challenges of novel materials, carry out new process and product development projects, and create new methodologies for applications that enhance the quality of life.

Taking a highly pragmatic approach to presenting the principles and applications of chemical engineering, this companion text for students and working professionals offers an easily accessible guide to solving problems using computers. The primer covers the core concepts of chemical engineering, from conservation laws all the way up to chemical kinetics, without heavy stress on theory and is designed to accompany traditional larger core texts. The book presents the basic principles and techniques of chemical engineering processes and helps readers identify typical problems and how to solve them. Focus is on the use of systematic algorithms that employ numerical methods to solve different chemical engineering problems by describing and transforming the information. Problems are assigned for each chapter, ranging from simple to difficult, allowing readers to gradually build their skills and tackle a broad range of problems. MATLAB and Excel are used to solve many examples and the more than 70 real examples throughout the book include computer or hand solutions, or in many cases both. The book also includes a variety of case studies to illustrate the concepts and a downloadable file containing fully worked solutions to the book's problems on the publisher's website. Introduces the reader to chemical engineering computation without the distractions caused by the contents found in many texts. Provides the principles underlying all of the major processes a chemical engineer may encounter as well as offers insight into their analysis, which is essential for design calculations. Shows how to solve chemical engineering problems using computers that require numerical methods using standard algorithms, such as MATLAB and Excel. Contains selective solved examples of many problems within the chemical process industry to demonstrate how to solve them using the techniq

The proposed book focusses on metal mediated/catalyzed "controlled/living radical polymerization" (CRP/LRP) methods. It surveys a wide variety of catalyzed polymerization reactions, making it essentially a "one stop" review in the field. A significant contribution to polymer science is "metathesis polymerization" discovered by Grubbs and others. The book will cover various metathesis polymerization methods and implications in polymer industry.

Macroporous polymers are rapidly becoming the material of choice for many tissue engineering, bioseparation, and bioprocessing applications. However, while important information is scattered about in many different publications, none, to date, have drawn this information together in user-friendly format, until now. Meeting the need for an accessible, organized resource, Macroporous Polymers: Production Properties and Biotechnological/Biomedical Applications supplies a systematic presentation of the production, characterization, and application of these polymers. The text discusses traditional methods of production, including phase separation polymerization, leaching, foaming, and double emulsion as well as emerging methods such as cryogelation. The chapters also detail the various applications of macroporous gels for the separation of biomolecules and for the cultivation of mammalian cells in bioreactors and for tissue engineering. The book underscores existing and potential problems while providing a solid background on which to base the evaluation of the scientific and commercial value of new developments. The editors bring together different viewpoints, summarize state-of-the-art achievement, and cover applications in biotechnology, downstream processing, and biomedicine. They have collected the latest research and molded it into a cohesive reference, closing the gap between macromolecular design and production of these gels/polymers and their possible applications. With the intensity of development in this area likely to increase, the foundation provided by this book can help you meet the challenges inherent in the development of new and better materials for new and better applications.