Updating content from the author's 2001 book Coal Desulfurization, this new title focuses on CO2 sequestration and utilization. It includes information on the theory and practical approaches to CO2 capture and recent advances in the use of sequestered CO2. Avoiding these pollutants requires either forgetting about the 250 billion tons of coal reserves the United States possesses or capturing and utilizing the pollutants in a profitable and environmentally responsible fashion. The book covers postcombustion and precombustion capture approaches for coal, and postcombustion capture can be generalized to many other fuels. Recent practical implementations at full-scale power facilities around the world are discussed. The book covers sequestering CO2 via underground, oceanic, biological, and other long-term CO2 storage methods. It also includes recent advances in utilizing CO2 for enhanced oil recovery, advances in storage with depleted oil and gas reservoirs and deep saline aquifers, and additional topics. The book also examines specific applications of pure CO2 and covers chemical conversion of CO2 to useful compounds. It answers questions like "Can we create methanol from coal?" or "Can we create ethanol from coal?" It is found that methanol and ethanol cannot be sustainably produced from coal power alone. However, oxalic acid can be created at a much lower energy cost than methanol or ethanol. Oxalic acid can be used to extract rare earths, which are not currently produced anywhere in the United States, but are typically concentrated in coal ash. Aimed at researchers and industry professionals in chemical, environmental, and energy engineering, this book provides insight and inspiration into capturing CO2 not merely as a response to regulatory pressure and climate change but as an inherently profitable and valuable venture.

Design of new processes that avoid the use of toxic reagents has been the focus of intense research of late. Catalysis by metals and non-metals offers diverse opportunities for the development of new organic reactions with promising range of selectivities-chemoselectivity, regioselectivity, diastereoselectivity, and enantioselectivity. Furthermore, these transformations frequently occur under mild conditions, tolerate a broad array of functional groups, and proceed with high stereoselectivity. The area of catalysis is sometimes referred to as a 'foundational pillar' of green chemistry. Catalytic reactions often reduce energy requirements and decrease separations because of increased selectivity; they are also capable of permitting the use of renewable feedstocks of less toxic reagents or minimizing the quantities of reagents needed. New catalytic organic synthesis methodologies have, thus, offered several possibilities for considerable improvement in the eco-compatibility of fine chemical production. Hence, these catalytic methodologies have emerged as powerful tools for the efficient and chemoselective synthesis of heterocyclic molecules. Key Features: Presents the synthesis of different five-membered heterocycles. Contains the most up-to-date information in this fast-moving field. Covers novel catalytic approaches used in the study and application of catalysts in synthetic organic reactions. Presents new methodologies for the synthesis of heterocycles.

Bacterial cellulose (BC) is a natural polymer produced by different microbial cells. Its unique structural, physico-chemical, mechanical, thermal, and biological properties offer much potential for use in diverse applications in the biomedical, electronics, energy, and environmental fields, among others. This text provides an overview of the synthesis, characterization, modification, and application of BC. * Discusses sources, characterization, and biosynthesis of BC * Covers composites and aerogels based on BCs * Describes development of BCs from waste and challenges in large-scale production of BCs * Explores a variety of applications such as environmental, industrial, and biomedical This book will be of great interest to researchers and industry professionals in materials science, chemical engineering, chemistry, and other related fields seeking to learn about the synthesis and application of this important material.

A work on turbulent premixed combustion is timely because of increased concern about the environmental impact of combustion and the search for new combustion concepts and technologies. An improved understanding of lean fuel turbulent premixed flames must play a central role in the fundamental science of these new concepts. Lean premixed flames have the potential to offer ultra-low emission levels, but they are notoriously susceptible to combustion oscillations. Thus, sophisticated control measures are inevitably required. The editors' intent is to set out the modeling aspects in the field of turbulent premixed combustion. Good progress has been made recently on this topic. Thus, it is timely to edit a cohesive volume containing contributions from international experts on various subtopics of the lean premixed flame problem.

Textiles and Their Use in Microbial Protection: Focus on COVID-19 and Other Viruses provides readers with vital information about disinfection mechanisms used in textile applications in the fight against dangerous microbes and viruses. KEY FEATURES: Introduces the basics of textile materials used for medical applications Features key information on virology, characterization, indication, and passivation of COVID-19 Describes UV, photocatalysis, photooxidation, application of TiO2, copper-based viral inhibition, and activated carbon Discusses antiviral finishes for the protection against SARS-CoV-2, particle penetration in dense cotton fabrics under swollen state, and the impact of moisture on face masks and their designs Aimed at textile and materials engineers as well as readers in medical fields, this text offers a comprehensive view of fundamentals and solutions in the use of textiles for microbial protection.

Tissue Engineering Strategies for Organ Regeneration addresses the existing and future trends of tissue engineering approaches for organ/tissue regeneration or repair. This book provides a comprehensive summary of the recent improvement of biomaterials used in scaffold-based tissue engineering, and the tools and different protocols needed to design tissues and organs. The chapters in this book provide the in-depth principles for many of the supporting and enabling technologies including the applications of BioMEMS devices in tissue engineering, and the combination of organoid formation and three dimensional (3D) bioprinting. The book also highlights the advances and strategies for regeneration of three-dimensional microtissues in microcapsules, tissue reconstruction techniques, and injectable composite scaffolds for bone tissue repair and augmentation. Key Features: Addresses the current obstacles to tissue engineering applications Provides the latest improvements in the field of integrated biomaterials and fabrication techniques for scaffold-based tissue engineering Shows the influence of microenvironment towards cell-biomaterials interactions Highlights significant and recent improvements of tissue engineering applications for the artificial organ and tissue generation Describes the applications of microelectronic devices in tissue engineering Describes different current bioprinting technologies

Metal-air batteries (MABs) have attracted attention because of their high specific energy, low cost, and safety features. This book discusses science and technology including material selection, synthesis, characterization, and their applications in MABs. It comprehensively describes various composite bifunctional electrocatalysts, corrosion/oxidation of carbon-containing air cathode catalysts, and how improvements can be achieved in the catalytic activities of oxygen reduction reaction and oxygen evolution reaction and their durability/stability. This book also analyzes, compares, and discusses composite bifunctional electrocatalysts in the applications of MABs, matching the fast information of commercial MABs in requirements. Aimed at researchers and industry professionals, this comprehensive work provides readers with an appreciation for what bifunctional composite electrocatalysts are capable of, how this field has grown in the past decades, and how bifunctional composite electrocatalysts can significantly improve the performance of MABs. It also offers suggestions for future research directions to overcome technical challenges and further facilitate research and development in this important area.

The first book on Ultrafine bubbles (UFBs). Reviews research done on UFBs. Helpful for readers and researchers interested in the fundamentals of this emerging field

The Study Guide is designed as a teaching aid to be used in conjunction with the book Alive and Well at the End of the Day: The Supervisor's Guide to Managing Safety in Operations, written by Paul D. Balmert. The book is designed to teach front-line supervisors of workers in a wide range of industries how to help and guide their employees to understand the risks involved in the various aspects of their work, and how to cope with those risks and to plan and execute their jobs in ways that can help eliminate accidents. Created by the highly experienced training specialists of Balmert Consulting, the Study Guide utilizes training best practices to help affix the principals of Alive and Well at the End of the Day: The Supervisor's Guide to Managing Safety in Operations in the minds of the reader. The use of strategically-crafted questions both at the beginning and end of each review session allows the reader to work with the material and become more familiar with it. The book was developed in response to multiple requests from readers of Alive and Well at the End of the Day: The Supervisor's Guide to Managing Safety in Operations who enthusiastic about the messages and ideas in the book wanted to find ways to make it become part of their operation s safety culture and practices. For more information on Alive and Well at the End of the Day: The Supervisor's Guide to Managing Safety in Operations visit: http://www.wiley.com/WileyCDA/WileyTitle/productCd-047046707X.html

The aim of this text is to provide a comprehensive set of calculations relating to mass and energy balances for an entire process plant. An ammonia synthesis plant will be taken as a calculation model to develop the relevant mass and energy balances necessary for the design and subsequent production, as the production of ammonia synthesis gas is an internationally used process. Instead of teaching the basics of mass and energy balances, the text aims to give a detailed series of process integrated and illustrated calculations to help readers develop and design a process plant. * Details complete mass and energy calculations related to a manufacturing plant and includes stepwise procedures for mass and energy balances * Demonstrates how the series of integrated calculations will lead to the production of a specified amount of final product * Features "teaching" appendices that lay out applications of prior-assumed knowledge, which can be used in conjunction with the main text where more detailed explanation may be needed * Contains problems linked to various manufacturing sections covered in the text to help readers consolidate their knowledge This book will serve undergraduate Chemical Engineering students as a teaching aid in capstone design and related courses and gives useful insights to advanced students, researchers, and industry personnel within the Chemical Engineering field.

Functionalized polymers are macromolecules to which chemically bound functional groups are attached which can be used as catalysts, reagents, protective groups, etc. Functionalized polymers have low cost, ease of processing and attractive features for functional organic molecules. Chemical reactions for the introduction of functional groups in polymers and the conversion of functional groups in polymers depend on different properties. Such properties are of great importance for functionalization reactions for possible applications of reactive polymers. This book deals with the synthesis and design of various functional polymers, the modification of preformed polymer backbones and their various applications.

"Perfume Engineering"is a must-have reference for engineers who design any products that require fragrances, such as perfumes, cosmetics, healthcare and cleaning products.

This book provides the reader with practical guidance on perfume design, performance and classification, from its beginnings as a liquid mixture to the vapour phase, by way of odorant dispersion and olfactory perception. It does this through the application of development and validation models to account for fragrance evaporation, propagation and perception."

Biomass for Bioenergy and Biomaterials presents an overview of recent studies developed specifically for lignocellulose-based production of biofuels, biochemicals, and functional materials. The emphasis is on using sustainable chemistry and engineering to develop innovative materials and fuels for practical applications. Technological strategies for the physical processing or biological conversion of biomass for material production are also presented. FEATURES Offers a comprehensive view of biomass processing, biofuel production, life cycle assessment, techno-economic analysis, and biochemical and biomaterial production Presents details of innovative strategies to pretreat biomass Helps readers understand the underlying metabolic pathways and identify the best engineering strategies for their native strain Highlights different strategies to make biomaterials from biomass Provides insight into the potential economic viability of the biomass-based process This book serves as an ideal reference for academic researchers and engineers working with renewable natural materials, the biorefining of lignocellulose, and biofuels. It can also be used as a comprehensive reference source for university students in metabolic, chemical, and environmental engineering.

Biologically active natural products and their substructures have long been valuable starting points for medicinal chemistry and drug discovery. This new volume explores biologically active natural products and their use in microbial technologies and as phyto-pharmaceuticals in drug development. It presents detailed scientific principles and recent research on applications of nanotechnology in diagnostics and drug delivery. Topics include pharmacotherapeutically active proteins and peptides; the biotechnological potential of hydrogen-oxidizing bacteria; synthesis and production; synthetic colorants, pigments, dyes, and lakes; and more. The use of various plants is discussed in several chapters, including Artemisia, Asteraceae, Abutilon indicum, Prosopis juliflora, Acacia arabica, Aloe barbadensis, Tabermontana divaricate Linn., among others. With the information presented in Biologically Active Natural Products: Microbial Technologies and Phyto-Pharmaceuticals in Drug Development, scientists, faculty, and graduate students will gain a unique insight into nanotechnology and natural pharmaceuticals today with practical implementation in various industrial sectors.

This book introduces the fundamental concepts of inverse heat transfer solutions and their applications for solving problems in convective, conductive, radiative, and multi-physics problems. Inverse Heat Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications, Second Edition includes techniques within the Bayesian framework of statistics for the solution of inverse problems. By modernizing the classic work of the late Professor M. Necati OEzisik and adding new examples and problems, this new edition provides a powerful tool for instructors, researchers, and graduate students studying thermal-fluid systems and heat transfer. FEATURES Introduces the fundamental concepts of inverse heat transfer Presents in systematic fashion the basic steps of powerful inverse solution techniques Develops inverse techniques of parameter estimation, function estimation, and state estimation Applies these inverse techniques to the solution of practical inverse heat transfer problems Shows inverse techniques for conduction, convection, radiation, and multi-physics phenomena M. Necati OEzisik (1923-2008) retired in 1998 as Professor Emeritus of North Carolina State University's Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department. Helcio R. B. Orlande is a Professor of Mechanical Engineering at the Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), where he was the Department Head from 2006 to 2007.

Freeze Drying of Pharmaceutical Products provides an overview of the most recent and cutting-edge developments and technologies in the field, focusing on formulation developments and process monitoring and considering new technologies for process development. This book contains case studies from freeze dryer manufacturers and pharmaceutical companies for readers in industry and academia. It was contributed to by lyophilization experts to create a detailed analysis of the subject matter, organically presenting recent advancements in freeze-drying research and technology. It discusses formulation design, process optimization and control, new PAT-monitoring tools, multivariate image analysis, process scale-down and development using small-scale freeze-dryers, use of CFD for equipment design, and development of continuous processes. This book is for industry professionals, including chemical engineers and pharmaceutical scientists.

A handbook on syntheses and properties, production processes, and applications of maleic anhydride and maleic anhydride derived products - all in one text. This handbook provides a comprehensive overview of maleic anhydride chemistry and applications from the professional perspective. With chapters written by leading R&D scientists from the chemical industry, and edited by the Vice President and ASI Technology Chief at Ashland Specialty Ingredients (ASI), Dr. Osama M. Musa, readers will find a unique perspective and summary of the latest advancements in the field of maleic anhydride science. Maleic anhydride is produced industrially on large scale (10E3 kt/annum). Its rich chemistry makes it an important raw material for numerous products and processes (e.g. for applications in polymers and coatings), many of which are covered in this handbook for the first time in a comprehensive manner. The broad scope spans topics ranging from production techniques (including topics such as processes, catalysis, trouble-shooting), synthesis and properties of small and polymeric maleic anhydride based compounds (focusing on industrially relevant compounds as well as emerging areas of importance) and in-depth and broad discussions of commercial maleic anhydride based applications.

This new book explores the consideration of relationships that connect the structural and basic mechanical properties of polymeric mediums within the frameworks of fractal analysis with cluster model representations attraction. Incidentally, the choice of any structural model of medium or their combinations is defined by expediency and further usage convenience only. This book presents leading-edge research in this rapidly changing and evolving field. The book presents descriptions of the main reactions of high-molecular substances within the frameworks of fractal analysis and irreversible aggregation models. Synergetics and percolation theory were also used. In spite of the enormous number of papers dealing with the influence of the medium on the rate of chemical reactions (including synthesis of polymers), no strict quantitative theory capable of "universal" application has been put forward up until now. It is now possible to describe the relationship between the reaction rate constants and the equilibrium constants with the nature of the medium in which the reactions take place by means of a single equation. This important book for the first time gives structural and physical grounds of polymers synthesis and curing, and the fractal analysis is used for this purpose. This new book: * Highlights some important areas of current interest in polymer products and chemical processes * Focuses on topics with more advanced methods * Emphasizes precise mathematical development and actual experimental details * Analyzes theories to formulate and prove the physicochemical principles * Provides an up-to-date and thorough exposition of the present state of the art of complex polymeric materials

This book focuses on food, non-food, and industrial packaging applications of polymers, blends, nanostructured materials, macro, micro and nanocomposites, and renewable and biodegradable materials. It details physical, thermal, and barrier properties as well as sustainability, recycling, and regulatory issues. The book emphasizes interdisciplinary research on processing, morphology, structure, and properties as well as applications in packaging of food and industrial products. It is useful for chemists, physicists, materials scientists, food technologists, and engineers.

This volume presents the various categories of high performance materials and their composites and provides up-to-date synthesis details, properties, characterization, and applications for such systems to give readers and users better information to select the required material. The volume provides the following features: * Includes a wide range of high performance and engineering materials * Details the synthesis and properties of each of new materials * Presents practical industrial applications * Contains material written by some of the world's most well-known and respected experts in the field

Examining energy, environment, and sustainability from the chemical engineering point of view, this book highlights critical issues faced by chemical engineers and biochemical engineers worldwide. The book covers recent trends in chemical engineering and bioprocess engineering, such as CFD simulation, statistical optimization, process control, waste water treatment, micro reactors, fluid bed drying, hydrodynamic studies of gas liquid mixture in pipe, and more. Other chapters cover important ultrasound-assisted extraction, process intensification, polymers and coatings, as well as modelling of bioreactor and enzyme systems and biological nitrification.

This new volume presents leading-edge research in the rapidly changing and evolving field of polymer science as well as on chemical processing. The topics in the book reflect the diversity of research advances in the production and application of modern polymeric materials and related areas, focusing on the preparation, characterization, and applications of polymers. Also covered are various manufacturing techniques. The book helps to fill the gap between theory and practice in industry. The book introduces current state-of-the-art technology in modern materials with an emphasis on the rapidly growing technologies. It takes a unique approach by presenting specific materials and then progresses into a discussion of the ways in which these materials and processes are integrated into today's functioning manufacturing industry. Readers will also discover how material properties relate to the process variables in a given process as well as how to perform quantitative engineering analysis of manufacturing processes.

This book covers a broad range of polymeric materials and provides industry professionals and researchers in polymer science and technology with a single, comprehensive book summarizing all aspects involved in the functional materials production chain. This volume presents the latest developments and trends in advanced polymer materials and structures. It discusses the developments of advanced polymers and respective tools to characterize and predict the material properties and behavior. This book has an important role in advancing polymer materials in macro and nanoscale. Its aim is to provide original, theoretical, and important experimental results that use non-routine methodologies. It also includes chapters on novel applications of more familiar experimental techniques and analyses of composite problems that indicate the need for new experimental approaches. This new book: * Provides a collection of articles that highlight some important areas of current interest in key polymeric materials and technology * Gives an up-to-date and thorough exposition of the present state of the art of key polymeric materials and technology * Describes the types of techniques now available to the engineers and technicians and discusses their capabilities, limitations, and applications * Provides a balance between materials science and chemical aspects, basic and applied research * Focuses on topics with more advanced methods * Emphasizes precise mathematical development and actual experimental details * Explains modification methods for changing of different materials properties

Recent advances in nanotechnology has led the nanomaterials into the realm of sensing applications. This descriptive book utilizes a multi-disciplinary approach to provide extensive information about sensors and elucidates the impact of nanotechnology on development of chemical and biosensors for diversified applications. The main focus of this book is not only the inclusion of various research works, which have already been reported in literature, but also to make a potential conclusion about the mechanism behind this. This book will serve as an invaluable tool for both frontline researchers and academicians to work towards the future development of nanotechnology in sensing devices.