Most photovoltaic (PV) installations utilise heavy conventional glass or polycarbonate panels, and even newly developed thin plastic or metal films for PV cell use may fracture during both construction and application. Textile fabrics, the most widespread flexible materials in everyday use, offer a solution to the need for lightweight, flexible solar PV generators. Solar Textiles: The Flexible Solution for Solar Power is about the incorporation and operation of solar cells on textile fabrics. The combination of textile manufacturing and solar PV cell technology opens up further avenues for both the textile and semiconductor industries. Thus, this book reflects the progressively increasing commercial interest in PV cell technology and the versatility that their integration in textiles provides. Discusses textiles as electrical substrates Explains the photovoltaic effect and associated parameters Offers special consideration of solar cells on textiles Compares fibres and fabrics and how to implement PV activity on a textile Describes manufacturing methods outside of semiconductor technology Includes applications open only to textiles This work is aimed at textile technologists, electronic engineers, solar technologists, civil engineers and designers in building fabrics and architecture.

This revised text discusses key aspects for protective gloves, including glove materials, the manufacture of gloves, how to perform testing of gloves, and glove performance. The book provides guidance on how to select gloves to prevent skin contamination from chemical and microbial exposure in the occupational environment and presents hard-to-find information in one easy-to-use resource. It covers important concepts, including prevention of contact dermatitis, clinical testing of occupation-related glove sensitivity, and infection control and preventative measures for pandemics. The book: Provides update state-of-the-art information, practices, standards, and guidelines Covers information on protective glove material technology, protective effects, and adverse medical effects Explores ways to select gloves to prevent skin contamination from chemical and microbial exposure in the occupational environment Discusses concepts, including glove materials, the manufacture of gloves, how to perform testing of gloves, and glove performance according to standardized technical methods in vivo. The text will be useful for professionals in the fields of occupational and industrial hygiene, health care, and public health. It will also help graduate students in the fields of chemistry, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, biology, pharmacy, and environmental health. This book offers a wealth of information on protective glove material technology, protective effects, and adverse medical effects. It gives detailed discussion of parameters, including the selection and use of gloves for industrial chemicals, acrylates, and pesticides, and gloves as protection against microbial contamination. It will be a valuable resource for professionals and graduate students in the fields of occupational and industrial hygiene, healthcare, public health, chemistry, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, biology, pharmacy, and environmental health.

This book covers a wide range of topics in polymer rheology. These are: Basic Principles, parameters, systems and applied mathematical models used in the rheological studies Melt flow analysis of different non-Newtonian fluids in laminar flow, transition between laminar and turbulent flow and modified Reynolds number The effects of different physical and molecular parameters on purely viscous rheological response of polymer melts and solutions Principles of rheometery and different types of viscometers and on-line rheometers The static and dynamic viscoelastic response of the polymer melts and solutions, viscoelasticity, mechanical models and Boltzmann superposition principle Molecular structure - viscoelasticity relationship and linear and non-linear viscoelasticity Effects of different processes, materials parameters like temperature, fillers (micro and nano-fillers) and molecular parameters like MW, MWD The role of rheology in polymer processing in different equipment Modified power law constants and two range power law constants for a large number of polymers, rheology software program in Java, comparison of different polymer rheological models using the rheology software and answers to the problems The book will be very useful to both undergraduate and postgraduate students, as well as teachers and practicing rheologists.

Highly detailed and elaborate, this book is written explicitly for the purpose of professionals who work with gypsum in various technical and consumer-centric fields. It emphasises technical specifications of gypsum and associated products focusing on particular applications in industries such as construction, decoration, medicine, dentistry, architecture, chemical product manufacturing, arts, cooking, cosmetics, and agriculture. The book takes into account different chemical, physical, and biological characteristics and the relevance of gypsum and its extended applications.

Covers application of Deep Eutectic Solvents (DES) in extraction of aromatics and polyaromatics from fuel oil by Liquid-Liquid extraction Studies eutectic behavior with respect to hydrocarbon and aqueous solutions Describes molecular dynamics insights of extraction by DES Explores possible industrial applicability of potential DES Includes results from Gaussian, NAMD and PACKMOL software packages

Mass Transfer-Driven Evaporation from Capillary Porous Media offers a comprehensive review of mass transfer-driven drying processes in capillary porous media, including pore-scale and macro-scale experiments and models. It covers kinetics of drying of a single pore, pore-scale experiments and models, macro-scale experiments and models, and understanding of the continuum model from pore-scale studies. The book: Explains the detailed transport processes in porous media during drying. Introduces cutting-edge visualization experiments of drying in porous media. Describes the pore network models of drying in porous media. Discusses the continuum models of drying in porous media based on pore-scale studies. Points out future research opportunities. Aimed at researchers, students and practicing engineers, this work provides vital fundamental and applied information to those working in drying technology, food processes, applied energy, and mechanical and chemical engineering.

Photoelectrochemical processes due to the symbiosis of photochemical and electrochemical processes result in unique reaction pathways and products. This technique catalysed by nanomaterials is extensively used to harness sunlight for production of fuels and chemical feedstocks. This book explains the basic concepts of photoelectrochemistry as well as their application in the generation of solar fuels from water, CO2 and N2 as feedstocks. It also contains standard methodologies and benchmarks of fuel production including current state of the art in nanocatalysts as well as their mechanism of action. This book: Explores fundamentals and real-time applications of photoelectrochemistry in fuel generation Reviews basic theory and best-known catalysts and best conditions/processes for fuel generation in each of the chapters Covers standard methodologies, processes, and limitations for large-scale applications Focusses on sustainable production of fuels from renewable energy and resources This book aims at graduate students/researchers in chemical, energy and materials engineering.

Beginning with an overview of nanomachining, this monograph introduces the relevant concepts from solid-state physics, thermodynamics, and lattice structures. It then covers modeling of thermal transport at the nanoscale and details simulations of different processes relevant to nanomachining. The final chapter summarizes the important points and discusses directions for future work to improve the modeling of nanomachining.

Provides comprehensive coverage of recent advances in combustion technology Explains definite concepts about the design and development in combustion systems Captures developments relevant for aerospace area including gel propellant, aluminium based propellants, gasification and gas turbine Aims to introduce the combustion system in different industries Expounds novel combustion systems with reference to pertinent renewable technologies

Mathematics remains a core area of engineering. Formulating and analyzing mathematical models of basic engineering systems is an essential skill that all engineering students should endeavor to acquire.This book will serve as an excellent introduction to linear mathematics for engineering students, both seniors and graduate students. It is the result of a collaboration between a chemical engineer and a mathematician, both of whom have taught classes on modelling and applied mathematics. It provides a broad collection of chemical engineering modelling examples to train students in model formulation and model simplification as well as give a thorough coverage of the mathematical tools used to analyze and solve linear chemical engineering models.Solution manual is provided for free to instructors who adopt this textbook. Please send your request to [email protected].

This book explores recent advances on the use of microbes for agri-forestry biotechnological applications. It provides technical concepts and discussions on the use of microorganisms for processes such as bioprocessing, bioremediation, soil enhancement, aquaponics advances, and plant-host symbiosis. The book provides an overview of the microbial approach to the tools and processes used in agriculture and forestry that make or modify products, improve plants for specific uses, and make use of livestock in agricultural systems. The authors discuss the main process conditions that enhance agri-forestry applications with the use of microbes and introduce the use of genetically modified (GM) microbes in agrobiotechnology. Finally, the authors explore the main technological advances in the production of secondary metabolites with potential applications in agri-forestry. This book is intended for biotechnologists, biologists, bioengineers, biochemists, microbiologists, food technologists, enzymologists, and related researchers.

The global lubricants market exceeds $110 billion, with strong future-estimated annual growth projections. While much has been written about the technical aspects of lubricant development, Lubricant Marketing, Selling, and Key Account Management fills a need for a comprehensive guide on the important commercial aspects of the business, offering unique and valuable insights from a veteran of the industry. It answers questions and offers insights on how to effectively market and sell all types of lubricants, including automotive, industrial, mining, marine, agricultural and aerospace, among others. Covers how and why people and companies buy lubricants. Instructs readers how to research and analyze markets and use the results to plan marketing and sales campaigns and activities. Details how to identify specific target market segments and sell to key lubricant accounts. Discusses how to forecast future demand for lubricants in all types of global markets. This practical book is written for technical and non-technical readers involved in the sale and management of lubricant products and offers hands-on guidance for how to successfully navigate and grow your profitability in this vitally important product sector.

The proposed book provides a comprehensive coverage of theory and methods in the areas of continuous optimization and variational inequality. It describes theory and solution methods for optimization with smooth and non-smooth functions, for variational inequalities with single-valued and multivalued mappings, and for related classes such as mixed variational inequalities, complementarity problems, and general equilibrium problems. The emphasis is made on revealing generic properties of these problems that allow creation of efficient solution methods. Salient Features The book presents a deep, wide-ranging introduction to the theory of the optimal control of processes governed by optimization techniques and variational inequality Several solution methods are provided which will help the reader to develop various optimization tools for real-life problems which can be modeled by optimization techniques involving linear and nonlinear functions. The book focuses on most recent contributions in the nonlinear phenomena, which can appear in various areas of human activities. This book also presents relevant mathematics clearly and simply to help solve real life problems in diverse fields such as mechanical engineering, management, control behavior, traffic signal, industry, etc. This book is aimed primarily at advanced undergraduates and graduate students pursuing computer engineering and electrical engineering courses. Researchers, academicians and industry people will also find this book useful.

This book gives comprehensive information on the design, preparation and application of organic-inorganic composite membranes that are used for molecular separation. Various membrane types with different materials are highlighted, including polymer/ceramic composite membranes, mixed matrix membranes, metal-organic frameworks membranes and graphene-based membranes. Physical and chemical properties, morphologies, interfacial behaviors, transport characteristics and separation performance of the organic-inorganic composite membranes are thoroughly discussed based on advanced characterization techniques.Meanwhile, the book contains several typical applications of the membranes in fields such as bio-fuels production, organic compounds recovery, solvent dehydration, carbon dioxide capture and others. In addition, large-scale production and industrial implementation of the organic-inorganic composite membranes are briefly introduced.

There is a wide consensus that furfural, a renewable commodity currently obtained from lignocellulosic agro-residues with a production volume of around 300 kTon per year, is a key feedstock for leveraging lignocellulosic residues in future biorefineries. Several chemicals are already being manufactured from furfural due to its advantageous production cost. Furthermore, a vast number of others are also technically viable, to produce from oil.This book compiles the vast existing information into relevant stages of transformations of furfural as renewable chemicals, biofuels and bioresins focusing on the relevant chemical and engineering aspects of processes to obtain them, including reactors and catalysis. It offers essential information for improving the economic and environmental viability of current commercial applications and upcoming future applications.It should be of particular interests to graduate and advanced undergraduate students, as well as, engineers and academic researchers alike who are working in the field.

Presenting a collection of papers resulting from the conference on "Applied Chemistry and Industrial Catalysis (ACIC 2021), Qingdao, China, 24-26 December 2021". The theme of the conference was: "Clean Production and High Value Utilization", discussing how to reduce the environmental footprint at the source and produce high value-added end products in chemical manufacturing. The conference brought together scholars from the Chinese government, top universities, business associations, research centers and high-tech enterprises, and was committed to building and enabling a platform for the cooperation among the Chinese government, Chemical industry, and scholars. The goal was to build a bridge between R&D results and the Chemical industry. The conference conducted in-depth exchanges and discussions on relevant topics such as applied chemistry and industrial catalysis aiming to provide an academic and technical communication platform for scholars and engineers engaged in scientific research and engineering practice in the field of chemistry, catalysis and function material. By sharing the research status of scientific research achievements and cutting-edge technologies, it helps scholars and engineers all over the world comprehend the academic development trend and broaden research ideas. So as to strengthen international academic research, academic topics exchange and discussion, and promote the industrialization cooperation of academic achievements.

Provides extensive coverage of agro-industrial by products and their environmental impact Details production of value-added products from agro-industry waste Describes environmental legislation and future strategies Presents multidisciplinary approaches from fundamental to applied ones and addresses biorefinery and circular economy Includes innovative approaches and future strategies for management of agro-industry waste

1. Die oekologische Herausforderung.- 1.1 Verschiedene Sichtweisen.- 1.2 Problem der Umweltbelastung und die Loesungsansatze.- 1.3 Interdisziplinare Methodik.- 2. Umweltschutz in der chemischen Industrie.- 2.1 Chemische Industrie.- 2.1.1 Abgrenzung der Branche.- 2.1.2 Bedeutung der Branche.- 2.2 Umweltrelevante Rahmenbedingungen der chemischen Industrie.- 2.2.1 Einteilung der Rahmenbedingungen.- 2.2.2 Rechtliche Rahmenbedingungen.- 2.2.2.1 Einleitung.- 2.2.2.2 Bundes-Immissionsschutzgesetz.- 2.2.2.3 Wasserhaushaltsgesetz und Abwasserabgabegesetz.- 2.2.2.4 Kreislaufwirtschafts- und Abfallgesetz.- 2.2.2.5 Chemikaliengesetz.- 2.2.2.6 Umwelthaftungsgesetz.- 2.2.2.7 Beauftragtenorganisation fur den Umweltschutz.- 2.2.3 Wirtschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen.- 2.2.4 OEko-toxikologische Rahmenbedingungen.- 2.2.5 Technische Rahmenbedingungen.- 2.2.6 Gesellschaftliche Rahmenbedingungen.- 2.3 Aufwand fur den Umweltschutz in der chemischen Industrie.- 2.3.1 Abgrenzung der betrieblichen Umweltkosten.- 2.3.2 Investitions- und Betriebskosten.- 2.3.3 Organisatorischer Aufwand fur den Umweltschutz.- 3. Produktionsintegrierter Umweltschutz und seine Beispiele in der chemischen Industrie.- 3.1 Produktionsbedingte Umweltproblematik der chemischen Industrie.- 3.1.1 Grundlagen chemischer Produktionsprozesse.- 3.1.2 Produktionsbedingte Umweltbelastung.- 3.2 Gliederung der technologischen Umweltschutzmassnahmen.- 3.2.1 Additiver Umweltschutz.- 3.2.2 Integrierter Umweltschutz.- 3.2.3 Vergleichende Zusammenfassung.- 3.3 Methoden des produktionsintegrierten Umweltschutzes.- 3.3.1 Einleitung.- 3.3.2 Gestaltung des Produktionsprogramms.- 3.3.3 Chemische Forschung und Verfahrensentwicklung.- 3.3.4 Verfahrensauswahl.- 3.3.5 Optimierung chemischer Prozesse.- 3.4 Kriterien des produktionsintegrierten Umweltschutzes.- 3.5 Beispiele zum produktionsintegrierten Umweltschutz in der chemischen Industrie.- 3.5.1 Einleitung.- 3.5.2 Substitution der Syntheseroute von Ibuprofen.- 3.5.3 Optimierung der Syntheseroute von Etinol.- 3.5.4 Zeolite als Katalysatoren.- 3.5.5 Optimaler Reaktionsweg zur Synthese eines Zwischenproduktes von Vitamin E.- 3.5.6 DuPont-Oxidationsverfahren von n-Butan zur Herstellung von Maleinsaureanhydrid und Tetrahydrofuran.- 3.5.7 N-Methylpyrrolidon als alternatives Loesemittel.- 3.5.8 Fazit.- 4. Umweltmanagementsysteme in der chemischen Industrie.- 4.1 Managementsystemansatz.- 4.1.1 Funktionen des Managements.- 4.1.2 Begriffe und Aufgaben der betrieblichen Organisation.- 4.1.3 Managementmodelle.- 4.1.3.1 Sinn und Zweck von Managementmodellen.- 4.1.3.2 "Management-by"-Modelle.- 4.1.3.3 St. Gallener Managementmodell.- 4.1.3.4 Grundlagen der Managementsysteme.- 4.2 Qualitatsmanagementsysteme.- 4.2.1 Einleitung.- 4.2.2 Ausgangspunkte des Qualitatsmanagements.- 4.2.3 DIN ISO 9000er Normenreihe.- 4.2.4 Total Quality Management.- 4.2.5 Qualitatsmanagementsysteme in der chemischen Industrie.- 4.3 Grundlagen der Umweltmanagementsysteme.- 4.3.1 Historische Entwicklung.- 4.3.2 Ziele von Umweltmanagementsystemen.- 4.3.3 Elemente des Umweltmanagementsystems am Beispiel der EMAS.- 4.3.4 Responsible Care und die EMAS.- 4.3.5 Elemente des Umweltmanagementsystems am Beispiel der ISO 14001.- 4.3.6 Verknupfung von Qualitats-, Sicherheits- und Umweltmanagementsystemen in der chemischen Industrie.- 4.4 Aufbau und Implementierung von Umweltmanagementsystemen.- 4.4.1 Einleitung.- 4.4.2 Aufbauphase I: Projektanstoss.- 4.4.2.1 Vorstudie und erste Schritte.- 4.4.2.2 Festlegung der Umweltpolitik.- 4.4.2.3 Bildung einer Projektgruppe.- 4.4.2.4 Festlegung von Arbeitspaketen.- 4.4.3 Aufbauphase II: Umweltprufung.- 4.4.3.1 Anforderungen.- 4.4.3.2 Vorgehensweise.- 4.4.3.3 Auswertung.- 4.4.4 Aufbauphase III: Umweltziele und -programm.- 4.4.5 Aufbauphase IV: Massnahmenumsetzung.- 4.4.5.1 Festlegung der Organisationsstruktur.- 4.4.5.2 Schulung, Bewusstseinsbildung und Kompetenz.- 4.4.5.3 Notfallvorsorge.- 4.4.5.4 Dokumentation.- 4.4.6 Aufbauphase V: Massnahmenuberpruf

Since the Second World War, the field of ion exchange has taken a dominant role in offering solutions to many problems in the developed and developing world. It has evolved to a wide array of applications, including mining, microelectronics, drug delivery and detection, food, fertilizers, chemical cleaning, catalysis, bioseparation, water management, environmental research and practices, and energy. The six chapters in this book represent diverse contributions from researchers around the globe who are making noticeable strides in the field in currently important areas: Brackish water desalination Removing boron from water Sustainable approaches for synthesizing commercially important epoxide building blocks Solid-phase heavy-metal separation Separating concentrated ion mixtures in sorption columns Sensing toxic metals Ion Exchange and Solvent Extraction: A Series of Advances, Volume 22 provides a focused review of new materials and new processes that have developed and are rapidly growing. It describes cutting-edge research and practices in the use of ion exchange for building a cleaner, sustainable world and provides thoughtful insights on what ion exchange may do for us in the future.

Advanced Materials for Wastewater Treatment and Desalination: Fundamentals to Applications offers a comprehensive overview of current progress in the development of advanced materials used in wastewater treatment and desalination. The book is divided into two major sections, covering both fundamentals and applications. This book: Describes the synthesis and modification of advanced materials, including metal oxides, carbonaceous materials, perovskite-based materials, polymer-based materials, and advanced nanocomposites Examines relevant synthesis routes and mechanisms as well as correlates materials' properties with their characterization Details new fabrication techniques including green synthesis, solvent-free, and energy-saving synthesis approaches Highlights various applications, such as removal of organic contaminants, discoloration of dye wastewater, petrochemical wastewater treatment, and electrochemically-enhanced water treatment With chapters written by leading researchers from around the world, this book will be of interest to chemical, materials, and environmental engineers working on progressing materials applications to improve water treatment technologies.

Researchers in chemistry, chemical engineering, pharmaceutical science, forensics, and environmental science make routine use of chemical analysis, but the information these researchers need is often scattered in different sources and difficult to access. The CRC Handbook of Basic Tables for Chemical Analysis: Data-Driven Methods and Interpretation, Fourth Edition is a one-stop reference that presents updated data in a handy format specifically designed for use when reaching a decision point in designing an analysis or interpreting results. This new edition offers expanded coverage of calibration and uncertainty, and continues to include the critical information scientists rely on to perform accurate analysis. Enhancements to the Fourth Edition: Compiles a huge array of useful and important data into a single, convenient source Explanatory text provides context for data and guidelines on applications Coalesces information from several different fields Provides information on the most useful "wet" chemistry methods as well as instrumental techniques, with an expanded discussion of laboratory safety Contains information of historical importance necessary to interpret the literature and understand current methodology. Unmatched in its coverage of the range of information scientists need in the lab, this resource will be referred to again and again by practitioners who need quick, easy access to the data that forms the basis for experimentation and analysis.

Provides insight to extremophiles. Unveils the mysticism of extreme environments. Explores applications of extremophiles in biorefineries. Throws light on the advancement of industrially important extremozymes. Explores applications in biofilms and microbial corrosion.

This book focuses on cell culture-produced viral vaccines to meet the needs of the rapidly expanding research and development in academia and industry in the field. This book introduces the basic principles of vaccination and the manufacturing of viral vaccines. Bioprocessing of Viral Vaccines, will provide an overview of the advanced strategies needed to respond to the challenges of new and established viral infection diseases. The first few chapters cover the basics of virology and immunology as essential concepts to understand the function and design of viral vaccines. The core of the content is dedicated to process development, including upstream processing and cell culture of viral vaccines, downstream processing, and extensive analytical technologies specific to viral vaccines. Advanced process analytical technologies (PAT) and Quality by Design (QbD) concepts are also introduced in the context of vaccine manufacturing. The case studies included cover inactivated, attenuated vaccines exemplified by influenza vaccines, sub-unit vaccines exemplified by Virus Like Particles (VLPs: HPV vaccines) and sub-unit vaccines (Flublock), vectored vaccines: adenoviruses and Vesicular stomatitis Virus (VSV) vectored vaccines, genomic vaccines (DNA and mRNA) vaccines as developed for COVID-19 response in particular and a review of COVID-19 vaccines approved or in advanced clinical trials. This book is aimed at graduate engineers and professionals in the fields of vaccinology, bioprocessing, and biomanufacturing of viral vaccines.

Pulp and Paper Industry: Emerging Waste Water Treatment Technologies is the first book which comprehensively reviews this topic. Over the past decade, pulp and paper companies have continued to focus on minimizing fresh water use and effluent discharges as part of their move towards sustainable operating practices. Three stages-basic conservation, water reuse and water recycling-provide a systematic approach to water resource management. Implementing these stages requires increased financial investment and better utilization of water resources. The ultimate goal for pulp and paper companies is to have effluent-free factories with no negative environmental impact. The traditional water treatment technologies that are used in paper mills are not able to remove recalcitrant contaminants. Therefore, advanced water treatment technologies are being included in industrial wastewater treatment chains aiming to either improve water biodegradability or its final quality. This book discusses various measures being adopted by the pulp and paper industry to reduce water consumption and treatment techniques to treat wastewater to recover it for reuse. The book also examines the emerging technologies for treatment of effluents and presents examples of full-scale installations.

Lead-Acid Batteries for Future Automobiles provides an overview on the innovations that were recently introduced in automotive lead-acid batteries and other aspects of current research. Innovative concepts are presented, some of which aim to make lead-acid technology a candidate for higher levels of powertrain hybridization, namely 48-volt mild or high-volt full hybrids. Lead-acid batteries continue to dominate the market as storage devices for automotive starting and power supply systems, but are facing competition from alternative storage technologies and being challenged by new application requirements, particularly related to new electric vehicle functions and powertrain electrification.