Process Safety Calculations, Second Edition remains to be an essential guide for students and practitioners in process safety engineering who are working on calculating and predicting risks and consequences. The book focuses on calculation procedures based on basic chemistry, thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, conservation equations, kinetics and practical models. It provides helpful calculations to demonstrate compliance with regulations and standards, such as Seveso directive(s)/COMAH, CLP regulation, ATEX directives, PED directives, REACH regulation, OSHA/NIOSH and UK ALARP, along with risk and consequence assessment, stoichiometry, thermodynamics, stress analysis and fluid-dynamics. This fully revised, updated and expanded second edition follows the same organization as the first, including the original three main parts, Fundamentals, Consequence Assessment and Quantitative Risk Assessment. However, the latter part is significantly expanded, including an appendix consisting of five fundamental thematic areas belonging to the risk assessment framework, including in-depth calculations methodologies for some fundamental monothematic macro-areas of process safety.

Students embarking on their studies in chemical, mechanical, aerospace, energy, and environmental engineering will face continually changing combustion problems, such as pollution control and energy efficiency, throughout their careers. Approaching these challenges requires a deep familiarity with the fundamental theory, mathematics, and physical concepts of combustion. Based on more than two decades of teaching experience, Combustion Science and Engineering lays the necessary groundwork while using an illustrative, hands-on approach.

Taking a down-to-earth perspective, the book avoids heavy mathematics in the first seven chapters and in Chapter 17 (pollutants formation and destruction), but considers molecular concepts and delves into engineering details. It begins with an outline of thermodynamics; basics of thermochemistry and chemical equilibrium; descriptions of solid, liquid, and gaseous fuels; chemical kinetics and mass transfer; and applications of theory to practical systems. Beginning in chapter 8, the authors provide a detailed treatment of differential forms of conservation equations; analyses of fuel combustion including jet combustion and boundary layer problems; ignition; flame propagation; interactive and group combustion; pollutant formation and control; and turbulent combustion.

In addition, this textbook includes abundant examples, illustrations, and exercises, as well as spreadsheet software in combustion available for download. This software allows students to work out the examples found in the text. Combustion Science and Engineering imparts the skills and foundational knowledge necessary for students to successfully approach and solve new problems.

Trevor Kletz has had a huge impact on the way people viewed accidents and safety, particularly in the process industries. His ideas were developed from nearly 40 years working in the chemical industry. When he retired from the field, he shared his experience and ideas widely in more than 15 books. Trevor Kletz Compendium: His Process Safety Wisdom Updated for a New Generation introduces Kletz's stories and ideas and brings them up to date in this valuable resource that equips readers to manage process safety in every workplace. Topics covered in this book include inherent safety, safety studies, human factors and design. Learn the lessons from past accidents to make sure they don't happen again.

This work presents a comprehensive investigation of the most significant renewable hydrogen production processes. Technical, economic and ecological studies are described for the processes of steam reforming of ethanol, natural gas and biogas; water electrolysis with energy from renewable sources (wind power, photovoltaic and hydroelectric), and hydrogen production using algae. Aimed at mechanical and chemical engineering graduate students and researchers involved in environmental sciences, sustainable energy and bioenergy research, this book introduces readers to the latest developments in the field and provides essential reference material for future research. The book first presents a comprehensive literature review of the processes studied. Subsequently, it provides a technical report on assessing the energetic efficiency for each hydrogen production process, as well as an economic study of the respective hydrogen production costs. Lastly, the ecological efficiency of each process is addressed. Over the past few decades, the UNESP's Group of Optimization of Energetic Systems, headed by Professor Jose Luz Silveira, has been pursuing research in the field of renewable energy generation. A major part of the group's research focuses on the production of hydrogen as a fuel and its important contribution to mitigating the environmental impacts caused by pollutant emissions.

Microemulsions and gels are well-known systems, which play a major role in colloidal and interfacial science. In contrast, the concept of gel microemulsions is still quite new. Gelled microemulsions are highly promising for microemulsion applications in which low viscosity is undesirable, such as administering a drug-delivering microemulsion to a certain area of the skin. It is essential to understand the properties of and structures formed in a system combining microemulsion components and a gelator. This PhD thesis by Michaela Laupheimer provides an in-depth discussion of the phase behavior and sol-gel transition of a microemulsion gelled by a low molecular weight gelator as well as the rheological behavior of a gelled bicontinuous microemulsion. Moreover, the microstructure of the gelled bicontinuous system is fully clarified using techniques like self-diffusion NMR and small angle neutron scattering (SANS). By comparing gelled bicontinuous microemulsions with corresponding non-gelled microemulsions and binary gels, it is demonstrated that bicontinuous microemulsion domains coexist with a gelator network and that the coexisting structures possess no fundamental mutual influence. Hence, gelled bicontinuous microemulsions have been identified as a new type of orthogonal self-assembled system.

Green Membrane Technology Towards Environmental Sustainability covers experimental and theoretical aspects of greener membranes and processes. The book fills the gap in current literature and offers a platform that introduces and discusses new routes in fabricating green membranes and processes for developing green membranes. Although membranes and membrane processes have decades of history, rapid development in membranes manufacturing and emerging membrane driven markets is requiring new and more sustainable engagement of manufacturers, membrane operators and scientists. This book is written for chemical and polymer engineers, materials scientists, professors, graduate students, as well as general readers at universities, research institutions and R&D departments in industries who are engaged in sustainable engineering and practical strategies in circular economy.

Safety in the Chemical Laboratory and Industry: A Practical Guide provides an authoritative reference on chemical safety procedures and the handling and disposal of chemicals at both the laboratory and industrial level. The book serves as a practical guide for laboratory workers and offers prudent guidelines for the development of regulatory policy for academic and non-academic organizations. The book stresses that all accidental injuries can be minimized if systems and attitudes are in place to prevent them and that to fully materialize a safety culture, even with improved technology, everyone should be mindful of maintaining a safe environment. This handbook will assist faculty, researchers, staff and students to provide a safe and healthy laboratory environment to teach, learn and conduct research.

Design of Innovation Processes: Flow from Idea to Market Launch with Higher Speed and Value, Time after Time introduces the concept of seeing innovation as a type of process manufacturing operation and offers a coherent set of principles that will accelerate innovation in the chemical processing industries. The book provides actionable practices for innovating chemically related products and services faster, and with higher value. The author shows that by coordinating an Integrated Innovation Team (IIT) consisting of R&D, marketing, manufacturing, regulatory, toxicology, analytical, legal, finance, VP-level leadership, sustainability, and other functions, it's possible to increase innovation throughput. The author, Dr. Darrell Velegol, Distinguished Professor of Chemical Engineering at Penn State University, sees ineffective innovation processes as the reason why chemical process industries are growing less than industries like digitech, hence he provides valuable information in this updated resource.

Sustainable Technologies for Remediation of Emerging Pollutants from Aqueous Environment compiles and collates advanced technologies for the purification of water and wastewater. The book covers the biological purification of wastewater, the use of adsorbents for decontamination of water, the role of membrane technology and its composites for removing emerging pollutants, and applications of advanced oxidation processes (AOP) for removal of emerging pollutants. This resource provides a single source solution to academicians and young researchers by assembling the latest information on the application of the conventional and non-conventional in water and wastewater purification.

Resource Recovery in Industrial Waste Waters provides a holistic approach for discovering and harnessing valuable resources from industrial wastewaters, the cutting-edge technologies required, and a discussion on the new findings. In three volumes, the books stress the importance of contaminated waters' remediation, including surface waters, municipal or industrial wastewaters and treating these waters as a new source of nutrients, minerals and energy. It introduces polluted waters as new and sustainable sources, rather than seeing wastewaters as only a source of hazardous organic and inorganic matters. Sections discuss wastewater treatment and recovery and contribute to generate a sustainable approach of wastewater by providing the main advantages and disadvantages of both wastewater/polluted water treatment and recovery.

Resource Recovery in Drinking Water Treatment concentrates on techniques and methods for water purification. The book develops a new approach—resource recovery—toward drinking water, including the role of methods (adsorption, membrane, ion – exchange, biosorption, coagulation, etc.) and nanocomposites (such as biochar, sludge-based composites, chitosan, polymer, magnetic particles, etc.) in water resource recovery. It provides an in-depth overview on emerging water treatment techniques and the resource recovery of materials during the treatment process. Finally, the book aims to introduce polluted waters as new and sustainable sources rather than seeing wastewaters only a source of hazardous organic and inorganic matters. This book is part of a three-volume set that stresses the importance of contaminated water remediation, including surface waters, municipal or industrial wastewaters, and waters as a new source of nutrients, minerals and energy.

Resource Recovery in Municipal Waste Waters provides various municipal wastewater remediation methods and techniques to recover materials from such wastewaters. Sections cover the basic principles of resource recovery, along with the recovery of methane, phosphorous, electricity and metals. The volume covers comprehensive cutting-edge techniques for resource recovery and municipal wastewater treatment and reports on new findings in these areas. It also introduces polluted waters as new and sustainable sources rather than seeing wastewaters as a source of hazardous organic and inorganic matters. The main advantages and disadvantages of both wastewater/polluted water treatment and recovery are also discussed. This three-volume set stresses the importance of contaminated waters remediation, including surface waters, municipal or industrial wastewaters, treating these waters as a new source of nutrients, minerals and energy.

Crises in Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industries: Disasters and Environmental Challenges provides an overview of both natural and manmade disasters occurring in oil, gas and petrochemical industries while also covering special solutions based on their types. This volume includes the effects of natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and hurricanes as well as manmade incidents including fire events, explosions and the release of dust and toxic substances on various related units and plants. In addition, the long-term side effects on both humans and the environment resulted from these industries are presented. Problems such as releasing wastes and venting gases into the environment and challenges from overusing the natural resources and producing noise pollutants are also discussed in detail.

Inherently Safer Design, Volume Seven in this ongoing series, highlights new advances in chemical engineering, with interesting chapters that provide an Introduction to Inherently Safer Design (ISD), ISD Fundamentals, History of ISD, ISD Life Cycle Considerations, ISD Indices, ISD and Human Factors, Conceptual and Practical Applications of ISD, Challenges to ISD Application, ISD Regulatory Requirements, ISD Case Studies, Risk-based ISD, ISD and Digitalization. ISD and Inherently Safer Operation (ISO), and the Future of ISD.

CONTENTS - 1. INTRODUCTION - 2. ANIMAL FATS AND OILS - 3. VEGETABLE FATS AND OILS - 4. FATTY ACIDS-FATTY ALCOHOLS-GLYCEROL - 5. SURFACTANTS AND SURFACE ACTIVITY - 6. PRODUCTION OF FATS AND OILS - 7. SOAP MANUFACTURE - 8. SYNTHETIC DETERGENTS - 9. ANALYSIS OF OILS AND DETERGENTS - INDEX - Preface - Presented in this book are quantities of data, gathered during many years in my practice of chemistry, either as resident chemist in manufacturing plants, or as a consultant to the soap and related industries. The style is didactic and such that it may readily be understood by non-technical personnel. Involved theoretical and technical discussions have been avoided. As far as possible, references have been included at the end of each chapter. Although much of the information contained in this work is well within my own experience, much of it has been gleaned also from manufacturers' technical bulletins or through private correspondence. Many patents have been cited, merely as examples of products discussed; this is not to be construed as recommending the infringement of any such patents. The various formulations are presented in good faith, but no warranty is given, nor is freedom from any patent to be inferred. With a little ingenuity on the part of the reader, many useful and efficient products may be made along the lines discussed, without in any way infringing on patented products. Because of numerous factors affecting results, all the formulations cited herein, although believed to be reliable (most of them having emanated from the greatest laboratories in the world) should be tested thoroughly. It is especially recommended that manufacturers make their own tests to determine the suitability of the formulations, for the specific applications intended. I am indebted to the manufacturers of the many chemicals named in the book, for information which I gathered either from direct correspondence or from their technical bulletins; also for their many samples with which I compounded some of the formulas. Special mention should be made of those companies that supplied photographs of equipment and installations depicting various processes. I have tried to include all information pertinent to each formula, and credit has been given to all identified suppliers, so that additional information, if needed, may be obtained from the manufacturers of the basic materials used. Finally, I am grateful to the publishers for valuable assistance in the organization and presentation of my quantities of material which now comes out as not merely a second edition of my Oil, Fat, and Soap, but as a much more comprehensive new book.|CONTENTS - 1. AEROSOLS - 2. BACTERICIDES-FUNGICIDES - SANITIZERS - 3. CLEANERS FOR HOUSEHOLD AND INDUSTRY - 4. CARE OF FLOORS - 5. LAUNDERING AND DRY CLEANING - 6. TREATMENT OF METALS - 7. PESTICIDES - 8. MISCELLANEOUS - BIBLIOGRAPHY - APPENDIX - Glossary - Suppliers of Materials and Equipment - Useful Tables - Patents - Periodicals of Interest - Associations Related to the Industry - INDEX -

Catalysis and Electrocatalysis at Nanoparticle Surfaces illustrates the latest developments in electrochemical nanotechnology, heterogeneous catalysis, surface science, and theoretical modeling. It describes the manipulation, characterization, control, and application of nanoparticles for enhanced catalytic activity and selectivity and presents a range of experimental and synthetic strategies for work in nanoscale surface science.

Thisis a comprehensive source for physical, surface, and colloid chemists; materials scientists; interfacial chemists and electrochemists; electrochemical engineers; theoretical physicists; chemical engineers; and upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in these disciplines.

This book presents a universal mass-production micro/nano integrated fabrication technology, which can be used to realize micro/nano hierarchical structures on Si-based materials and flexible polymeric materials. This fabrication technology has been systematically investigated by using experimental measurements, mechanism analyses, theoretical simulations and so on. Three common materials (i.e., silicon, PDMS and Parylene-C) with micro/nano hierarchical structures have been successfully fabricated, which also show several attractive properties. Furthermore, this book introduces this fabrication technology into microenergy field, and proposes several high-performance nanogenerators, of which practical applications have also been studied in commercial electronic device and biomedical microsystem.

This book presents all information necessary to understand the functioning of a slurry loop reactor for the polymerisation of ethylene into high density polyethylene, and to operate it accordingly. All discussions are based on experimental data from the operation of full scale commercial loop reactors. Methods for off-line modelling and scaling-up from lab to full scale are included, as well as the answers to important questions on the running of two loop reactors in series. Building knowledge from full scale industrial experience. This highly accessible book makes one understand the functioning of slurry loop reactors for the polymerisation of ethylene, and how to operate them. Its methods include off-line modelling, scaling-up and running reactors in series. It is inspiring for all production and process engineers, showing, for the first time, how with full scale reactor data the link is made between firm basic theory and the most practical operating guidelines.

Recent developments in multi-parametric optimization and control Multi-Parametric Optimization and Control provides comprehensive coverage of recent methodological developments for optimal model-based control through parametric optimization. It also shares real-world research applications to support deeper understanding of the material. Researchers and practitioners can use the book as reference. It is also suitable as a primary or a supplementary textbook. Each chapter looks at the theories related to a topic along with a relevant case study. Topic complexity increases gradually as readers progress through the chapters. The first part of the book presents an overview of the state-of-the-art multi-parametric optimization theory and algorithms in multi-parametric programming. The second examines the connection between multi-parametric programming and model-predictive control--from the linear quadratic regulator over hybrid systems to periodic systems and robust control. The third part of the book addresses multi-parametric optimization in process systems engineering. A step-by-step procedure is introduced for embedding the programming within the system engineering, which leads the reader into the topic of the PAROC framework and software platform. PAROC is an integrated framework and platform for the optimization and advanced model-based control of process systems. Uses case studies to illustrate real-world applications for a better understanding of the concepts presented Covers the fundamentals of optimization and model predictive control Provides information on key topics, such as the basic sensitivity theorem, linear programming, quadratic programming, mixed-integer linear programming, optimal control of continuous systems, and multi-parametric optimal control An appendix summarizes the history of multi-parametric optimization algorithms. It also covers the use of the parametric optimization toolbox (POP), which is comprehensive software for efficiently solving multi-parametric programming problems.

In this work, experts review the latest research in the bioremediation of mercury, including the genetic engineering of bacteria and plants.

Presents a comprehensive review of classic hypersonic flow from the Newtonian theory to blast wave analogue. Introduces nonequilibrium chemical kinetics to gas dynamics for hypersonic flows in the high-enthalpy state. Integrates quantum mechanics to high-enthalpy hypersonic flows including dissociation and ionization. Covers the complete heat transfer process with radiative energy transfer for thermal protection of earth reentry vehicle. Develops and verifies the interdisciplinary governing equations for understanding and analyzing realistic hypersonic flows.

There is hardly a technical library in the world in which the volumes of the Chemical Formulary (Volumes 1-34) do not occupy a prominent place. It does not duplicate any of the formulas included in previous volumes, but lists a wide array of modern and salable products from all branches of the chemical industries. An excellent reference for formulation problems. - CONTENTS - I. Introduction - II. Adhesives - III. Beverages and Foods - IV. Cosmetics - V. Coatings - VI. Detergents - VII. Drugs - VIII. Metal Treatments - IX. Polishes - X. Elastomers, Polymers and Resins - XI. Miscellaneous - Appendix - Index - PREFACE - Chemistry, as taught in our schools and colleges, concerns chiefly synthesis, analysis, and engineering-and properly so. It is part of the right foundation for the education of the chemist. Many a chemist entering an Industry soon finds that most of the products manufactured by his concern are not synthetic or definite complex compounds, but are mixtures, blends, or highly complex compounds of which he knows little or nothing. The literature in this field, if any, may be meager, scattered, or obsolete. Even chemists with years of experience In one or more Industries spend conslderable time and effort in acquainting themselves with any new field which they may enter. Consulting chemists similarly have to solve problems brought to them from industries foreign to them. There was a definite need for an up-to-date compilation of formulae for chemical compounding and treatment. Since the fields to be covered are many and varied, an editorial board of chemists and engineers engaged in many industries was formed. Many publications, laboratories, manufacturing firms, and Individuals have been consulted to obtain the latest and best information. It is felt that the formulas given in this volume will save chemists and allied workers much time and effort.

Green Sustainable Process for Chemical and Environmental Engineering and Science: Applications of Advanced Nanostructured Materials in Wastewater Remediation reviews recent applications of nanostructured materials for remediation, their preparation, characterization and efficiency for water remediation technologies. The book provides ideas on how nanomaterials are the real solution to water purification or new environmental threat. Sections cover nanomaterial adsorbents, functionalized magnetic nanomaterials, nanostructured polymer hydrogels, carbon nanomaterials, biogenic nanoparticles, green chemistry concepts, aqua defluoridation, and advanced remediation techniques. The book also includes the current status of wastewater treatment using nanomaterials, along with challenges and perspectives for further improvements.