Chapters collected from "The Virtual Conference on Chemistry and its Applications (VCCA-2021) - Research and Innovations in Chemical Sciences: Paving the Way Forward". This conference was held in August 2021 and organized by the Computational Chemistry Group of the University of Mauritius. These peer-reviewed chapters offer insights into research on fundamental and applied chemistry with interdisciplinary subject matter.

Discusses the concepts of mechanical, thermal, and thermodynamic equilibrium and their applications. Covers the molecular basis for internal energy, entropy, thermodynamic equilibrium, and reversibility. Enables the reader to model irreversibility and determine the net loss in performance of a thermal system compared to an idealized system and approach an ideal one. Demonstrates entropy as a path independent property by use of reversible heat engines and reversible heat pumps interacting with a process between two states, the environment and the reservoir. Covers the role of reversibility from a thermodynamics standpoint and relates it to other areas, such as gas dynamics, combustion, propulsion, power plant engineering, and engines.

Chapters collected from "The Virtual Conference on Chemistry and its Applications (VCCA-2021) - Research and Innovations in Chemical Sciences: Paving the Way Forward". This conference was held in August 2021 and organized by the Computational Chemistry Group of the University of Mauritius. These peer-reviewed chapters offer insights into research on fundamental and applied chemistry with interdisciplinary subject matter.

Current demand in biomedical sciences emphasizes the understanding of basic mechanisms and problem solving rather than rigid empiricism and factual recall. Knowledge of the basic laws of mass and momentum transport as well as model development and validation, biomedical signal processing, biomechanics, and capstone design have indispensable roles in the engineering analysis of physiological processes. To this end, an introductory, multidisciplinary text is a must to provide the necessary foundation for beginning biomedical students. Assuming no more than a passing acquaintance with molecular biology, physiology, biochemistry, and signal processing, Biomedical Engineering Principles, Second Edition provides just such a solid, accessible grounding to this rapidly advancing field. Acknowledging the vast range of backgrounds and prior education from which the biomedical field draws, the organization of this book lends itself to a tailored course specific to the experience and interests of the student. Divided into four sections, the book begins with systems physiology, transport processes, cell physiology, and the cardiovascular system. Part I covers systems analysis, biological data, and modeling and simulation in experimental design, applying concepts of diffusion, and facilitated and active transport. Part II presents biomedical signal processing, reviewing frequency, periodic functions, and Fourier series as well as signal acquisition and processing techniques. Part III presents the practical applications of biomechanics, focusing on the mechanical and structural properties of bone, musculoskeletal, and connective tissue with respect to joint range, load bearing capacity, and electrical stimulation. The final part highlights capstone design, discussing design perspectives for living and nonliving systems, the role of the FDA, and the project timeline from inception to proof of concept. Cutting across many disciplines, Biomedical Engineering Principles, Second Edition offers illustrative examples as well as problems and discussion questions designed specifically for this book to provide a readily accessible, widely applicable introductory text.

REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY THE LATEST VOLUME IN THE REVIEWS IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY SERIES, THE INVALUABLE REFERENCE TO METHODS AND TECHNIQUES IN COMPUTATIONAL CHEMISTRY Reviews in Computational Chemistry reference texts assist researchers in selecting and applying new computational chemistry methods to their own research. Bringing together writings from leading experts in various fields of computational chemistry, Volume 32 covers topics including global structure optimization, time-dependent density functional tight binding calculations, non-equilibrium self-assembly, cluster prediction, and molecular simulations of microphase formers and deep eutectic solvents. In keeping with previous books in the series, Volume 32 uses a non-mathematical style and tutorial-based approach that provides students and researchers with easy access to computational methods outside their area of expertise. The chapters comprising Volume 32 are connected by two themes: methods that can be broadly applied to a variety of systems, and special considerations required when modeling specific system types. Each in-depth chapter contains background and theory, strategies for using the methods correctly, mini-tutorials and best practices, and critical literature reviews highlighting advanced applications. Essential reading for both newcomers and experts in the area of molecular modeling, this state-of-the-art resource: Covers topics such as non-deterministic global optimization (NDGO) approaches and excited-state dynamics calculations Contains a detailed overview of deep eutectic solvents (DESs) and simulation methods Presents methodologies for investigating chemical systems that form microphases with periodic morphologies such as lamellae and cylinders Features step-by-step tutorials on applying techniques to probe and understand the chemical dynamics exhibited in a system Includes detailed subject indices on each volume in the series and up-to-date compendiums of molecular modeling software, services, programs, suppliers, and other useful information Reviews in Computational Chemistry, Volume 32 is a must-have guide for computational chemists, theoretical chemists, pharmaceutical chemists, biological chemists, chemical engineers, researchers in academia and industry, and graduate students involved in molecular modeling.

This book offers a comprehensive reference guide for graduate students and professionals in both academia and industry, covering the fundamentals, architecture, processing details, and applications of 3D microelectronic packaging. It provides readers an in-depth understanding of the latest research and development findings regarding this key industry trend, including TSV, die processing, micro-bumps for LMI and MMI, direct bonding and advanced materials, as well as quality, reliability, fault isolation, and failure analysis for 3D microelectronic packages. Images, tables, and didactic schematics are used to illustrate and elaborate on the concepts discussed. Readers will gain a general grasp of 3D packaging, quality and reliability concerns, and common causes of failure, and will be introduced to developing areas and remaining gaps in 3D packaging that can help inspire future research and development.

This innovative reference provides a coherent and critical view on the potential benefits of a transition from batch to continuous processes in the biopharmaceutical industry, with the main focus on chromatography. It also covers the key topics of protein stability and protein conjugation, addressing the chemical reaction and purification aspects together with their integration. This book offers a fine balance between theoretical modelling and illustrative case studies, between fundamental concepts and applied examples from the academic and industrial literature. Scientists interested in the design of biopharmaceutical processes will find useful practical methodologies, in particular for single-column and multi-column chromatographic processes.

This book guides readers through the systematic analysis of Arc Spraying: one of the most widespread and important thermal spraying methods. Along the way, readers from industry and research laboratories become familiar with the features of the process and physical-chemical regulations of particles in flight, coating formation, internal coating properties, and their output parameters. The book is ideal for engineers, technicians, and scientists engaged in welding and thermal spraying and stands as an excellent reference for students interested in advanced coatings technology.

ORAL DRUG DELIVERY FOR MODIFIED RELEASE FORMULATIONS Provides pharmaceutical development scientists with a detailed reference guide for the development of MR formulations Oral Drug Delivery for Modified Release Formulations is an up-to-date review of the key aspects of oral absorption from modified-release (MR) dosage forms. This edited volume provides in-depth coverage of the physiological factors that influence drug release and of the design and evaluation of MR formulations. Divided into three sections, the book begins by describing the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and detailing the conditions and absorption processes occurring in the GIT that determine a formulation's oral bioavailability. The second section explores the design of modified release formulations, covering early drug substance testing, the biopharmaceutics classification system, an array of formulation technologies that can be used for MR dosage forms, and more. The final section focuses on in vitro, in silico, and in vivo evaluation and regulatory considerations for MR formulations. Topics include biorelevant dissolution testing, preclinical evaluation, and physiologically-based pharmacokinetic modelling (PBPK) of in vivo behaviour. Featuring contributions from leading researchers with expertise in the different aspects of MR formulations, this volume: Provides authoritative coverage of physiology, physicochemical determinants, and in-vitro in-vivo correlation (IVIVC) Explains the different types of MR formulations and defines the key terms used in the field Discusses the present status of MR technologies and identifies current gaps in research Includes a summary of regulatory guidelines from both the US and the EU Shares industrial experiences and perspectives on the evaluation of MR dosage formulations Oral Drug Delivery for Modified Release Formulations is an invaluable reference and guide for researchers, industrial scientists, and graduate students in general areas of drug delivery including pharmaceutics, pharmaceutical sciences, biomedical engineering, polymer and materials science, and chemical and biochemical engineering.

This book investigates processes to reduce environmental pollution and polyurethane (PU) waste going to landfill. The author explains recycling approaches as well as instrumental methods such as nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and Fourier-Transform infrared spectroscopy for characterization and identification of PU recycling products.

FUNDAMENTALS OF CHEMICAL REACTOR ENGINEERING A comprehensive introduction to chemical reactor engineering from an industrial perspective In Fundamentals of Chemical Reactor Engineering: A Multi-Scale Approach, a distinguished team of academics delivers a thorough introduction to foundational concepts in chemical reactor engineering. It offers readers the tools they need to develop a firm grasp of the kinetics and thermodynamics of reactions, hydrodynamics, transport processes, and heat and mass transfer resistances in a chemical reactor. This textbook describes the interaction of reacting molecules on the molecular scale and uses real-world examples to illustrate the principles of chemical reactor analysis and heterogeneous catalysis at every scale. It includes a strong focus on new approaches to process intensification, the modeling of multifunctional reactors, structured reactor types, and the importance of hydrodynamics and transport processes in a chemical reactor. With end-of-chapter problem sets and multiple open-ended case studies to promote critical thinking, this book also offers supplementary online materials and an included instructor's manual. Readers will also find: A thorough introduction to the rate concept and species conservation equations in reactors, including chemical and flow reactors and the stoichiometric relations between reacting species A comprehensive exploration of reversible reactions and chemical equilibrium, including the thermodynamics of chemical reactions and different forms of the equilibrium constant Practical discussions of chemical kinetics and analysis of batch reactors, including batch reactor data analysis In-depth examinations of ideal flow reactors, CSTR, and plug flow reactor models Ideal for undergraduate and graduate chemical engineering students studying chemical reactor engineering, chemical engineering kinetics, heterogeneous catalysis, and reactor design, Fundamentals of Chemical Reactor Engineering is also an indispensable resource for professionals and students in food, environmental, and materials engineering.

The migration of substances from packaging to food is a matter of concern for the food safety authorities, and packaging materials constitute a potential source of contaminants to which the consumer will be exposed to through their diet. A huge variety of substances can be present in packaging materials, which could consequently migrate into food and represent a risk to consumer health. Food Contamination by Packaging provides an overview of the main packaging contaminants including Bisphenol A, melamine, phthalates, alternative plasticisers, photoinitiators, perfluorochemicals, saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons (mineral oil saturated hydrocarbons and mineral oil aromatic hydrocarbons) from mineral oils, other bisphenol-related compounds, nanoparticles, primary aromatic amines and nonintentionally added substances. The analytical techniques used for their determination are reviewed. This book will be of interest to students and researchers in universities and research institutions associated with food packaging and, in general, to the food safety sector.

Process Safety Calculations, Second Edition remains to be an essential guide for students and practitioners in process safety engineering who are working on calculating and predicting risks and consequences. The book focuses on calculation procedures based on basic chemistry, thermodynamics, fluid dynamics, conservation equations, kinetics and practical models. It provides helpful calculations to demonstrate compliance with regulations and standards, such as Seveso directive(s)/COMAH, CLP regulation, ATEX directives, PED directives, REACH regulation, OSHA/NIOSH and UK ALARP, along with risk and consequence assessment, stoichiometry, thermodynamics, stress analysis and fluid-dynamics. This fully revised, updated and expanded second edition follows the same organization as the first, including the original three main parts, Fundamentals, Consequence Assessment and Quantitative Risk Assessment. However, the latter part is significantly expanded, including an appendix consisting of five fundamental thematic areas belonging to the risk assessment framework, including in-depth calculations methodologies for some fundamental monothematic macro-areas of process safety.

The increased demand due to anthropogenic activity leads to emerging contaminants, resulting in a substantial environmental hazard. The long-term presence and exposure of contaminants lead to severe negative impacts on the environment, humans, and other life forms. Hence, emerging contaminants in the environment is a worldwide concern, and new technologies to mitigate these contaminants are being developed. This book covers the source, occurrence, toxicity, and detection techniques of a wide range of emerging contaminants. This collection also discusses the scope and applications of diverse techniques, including Bio/Phyto and Nano-remediation technologies, to mitigate the emerging contaminants; along with their sustainability issue and prospects. As a result, this book appears to provide insight into several modern and environmentally friendly waste management options, the possibility to minimize and lessen the effects of contaminants, and striving to lower toxicological endpoints to assure environmental safety. This book delivers the most recent advancements by prominent specialists in environmental sciences to academics, researchers, students, and practitioners interested in the identification and eradication of emerging pollutants from the environment.

There is hardly any technical library in the world in which the volumes of the Chemical Formulary (Volumes 1-34) do not occupy a prominent place. Chemists both experienced and beginner, continually refer to them. It does not duplicate any of the formulas included in previous volumes, but lists a wide array of modern and salable products from all branches of the chemical industries. An excellent reference for formulation problems. -CONTENTS - I. Introduction - II. Adhesives - III. Beverages and Foods - IV. Cosmetics - V. Coatings - VI. Detergents - VII. Drug Products - VIII. Metal Treatments - IX. Polishes - X. Textile Specialties - XI. Miscellaneous - Appendix - Index - PREFACE - Chemistry, as taught in our schools and colleges, concerns chiefly synthesis, analysis, and engineering-and properly so. It is part of the right foundation for the education of the chemist. Many a chemist entering an Industry soon finds that most of the products manufactured by his concern are not synthetic or definite complex compounds, but are mixtures, blends, or highly complex compounds of which he knows little or nothing. The literature in this field, if any, may be meager, scattered, or obsolete. Even chemists with years of experience In one or more Industries spend considerable time and effort in acquainting themselves with any new field which they may enter. Consulting chemists similarly have to solve problems brought to them from industries foreign to them. There was a definite need for an up-to-date compilation of formulae for chemical compounding and treatment. Since the fields to be covered are many and varied, an editorial board of chemists and engineers engaged in many industries was formed. Many publications, laboratories, manufacturing firms, and Individuals have been consulted to obtain the latest and best information. It is felt that the formulas given in this volume will save chemists and allied workers much time and effort. Manufacturers and sellers of chemicals will find, In these formulae, new uses for their products. Non-chemical executives, professional men, and Interested laymen will make through this volume a "speaking acquaintance" with products which they may be using, trying or selling. It often happens that two Individuals using the same Ingredients in the same formula get different results. This may be due to slight deviations in the raw materials or unfamiliarity with the intricacies of a new technique. Accordingly, repeated experiments may be necessary to get the best results. Although many of the formulas given are being used commercially, many have been taken from the literature and may be subject to various errors and omissions. This should be taken into consideration. Wherever possible, it is advisable to consult with other chemists or technical workers regarding commercial production.

This book covers the applications of biopolymers in the various fields of engineering where biopolymers are being employed. Included are chapters on applications of biopolymers in biotechnology, in construction and civil engineering, in tissue engineering, dairy technology, packaging, and more. Covered in these chapters are in-depth discussions on the fundamentals of biopolymers, such as synthesis, fabrication technologies and properties. This book also focuses on the applications of biopolymers in the construction, electronics, mechanical engineering, sensing, textiles, tissue engineering, and bio engineering. Readers will find comprehensive knowledge on the life cycled analysis, biodegradability, and advances in the field of bio polymers.

Organocatalysis are an important tool for greener catalytic processes due to the lack of precious metals used. This book explores different organocatalysts and their use in synthesis. Topics covered include zwitterionic imidazolium salt catalysts, asymmetric catalysts in aqueous media, beaker yeast catalysis, organocatalysts for Aldol and Michael reactions, amino acid-based organocatalysts, and Broensted acidic surfactant organocatalysts.

This book describes fresh approaches to compression technology. The authors describe in detail where, why, and how these can be of value to process plants. As such plants have become ever larger and more complex, more technology-intensive solutions have had to be developed for process machinery. The best practices that have emerged to address these requirements are assembled in this book.

30th European Symposium on Computer Aided Chemical Engineering, Volume 47 contains the papers presented at the 30th European Symposium of Computer Aided Process Engineering (ESCAPE) event held in Milan, Italy, May 24-27, 2020. It is a valuable resource for chemical engineers, chemical process engineers, researchers in industry and academia, students, and consultants for chemical industries.