This book provides readers with the most current, accurate, and practical fluid mechanics related applications that the practicing BS level engineer needs today in the chemical and related industries, in addition to a fundamental understanding of these applications based upon sound fundamental basic scientific principles. The emphasis remains on problem solving, and the new edition includes many more examples.

This volume, Bioresponsive Polymers: Design and Application in Drug Delivery, focuses on recent advancements in bioresponsive polymers and their design, characterization, and applications in varied fields, such as drug delivery and gene delivery. It looks at several carriers for drug delivery and biological molecules using different bioresponsive polymers. To address the many difficulties in existing dosage forms, this book provides information on recent developments to overcome drawbacks of conventional forms of the drug delivery. The chapters cover most areas of bioresponsive polymers, starting with a basic introduction to bioresponsive polymers, followed by chapters on design, characterization, and mechanism of bioresponsive polymers; and applications of drug and gene delivery using bioresponsive polymers via oral, topical, nasal, ocular, and parenteral methods. The book also reviews recent advancements in bioresponsive polymers and advanced applications, such as engineering particulate moieties, biomedical applications, hydrogels as emerging therapy, and electrochemical responses, bioresponsive nanoparticles, and bioresponsive hydrogels.

Extraction is an important operation in food engineering, enabling the recovery of valuable soluble components from raw materials. With increasing energy costs and environmental concerns, industry specialists are looking for improved techniques requiring less solvents and energy consumption. Enhancing Extraction Processes in the Food Industry is a comprehensive resource providing clear descriptions of the latest extraction methods and instruments used in food laboratories. The book begins with an overview of solvent extraction technology. It examines pulsed electric fields and their effect on food engineering, and the potential and limitations of microwave-assisted extraction. It explores diffusion processes and reviews what is known about electrical discharge processes in the extraction of biocompounds. Next, the book summarizes current knowledge on conventional and innovative techniques for the intensification of extractions from food and natural products, focusing on environmental impacts. It reviews recent developments in supercritical CO2 extraction of food and food products, describes the pressurized hot water extraction (PHWE) process, and examines future trends for PHWE. The book also examines essential oil extraction, and the tools and techniques of high pressure-assisted extraction. The authors demonstrate its application using litchi and longan fruits as examples. The final chapters focus on extrusion-assisted extraction, gas-assisted mechanical expression, mechanochemically assisted extraction, reverse micellar extraction, and aqueous two-phase extraction. The book concludes with a chapter on the treatment of soybeans through enzyme-assisted aqueous processing, examining the economics involved as well as the development of the process. A solid review of modern approaches that enhance extraction processes, this volume is destined to pave the way for future research and development in the field.

Thermal processing remains one of the most important processes in the food industry. Now in its second edition, Thermal Food Processing: New Technologies and Quality Issues continues to explore the latest developments in the field. Assembling the work of a worldwide panel of experts, this volume highlights topics vital to the food industry today and pinpoints the trends in future research and development. Topics discussed include: Thermal properties of foods, including heat capacity, conductivity, diffusivity, and density Heat and mass transfer and related engineering principles, mechanisms, and models The development and application of deterministic heat transfer models for predicting internal product temperatures Modeling thermal processing using artificial neural networks (ANN) and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) Thermal processing of meat, poultry, fish, and dairy products; canned foods; ready meals; and vegetables The effect of ultrahigh temperature (UHT) treatment processing on milk, including the impact on nutrient composition, safety, and organoleptic aspects Ohmic, radio frequency (RF) dialectric, infrared, and pressure-assisted heating pH-assisted thermal processing In addition to updating all content, this second edition includes five new chapters: Thermal Effects in Food Microbiology, Modeling Thermal Microbial Inactivation Kinetics, Thermal Processing of Food and Fruit Juices, Aseptic Processing and Packaging, and Microwave Heating. The final chapter of the book examines systems used in the evaluation of thermal processes and the development of time temperature integrators (TTIs) to ensure the safety of thermally processed food. An up-to-date survey of essential techniques and the science behind them, this volume is a critical reference for food industry professionals.

The field of asymmetric catalysis is currently one of the hottest areas in chemistry. This unique book focuses on the mechanism of enantioselectivity in asymmetric catalysis, rather than asymmetric catalysis from the synthetic view. It describes reliable, experimentally and computationally supported mechanisms, and discusses the danger of so-called "plausible" or "accepted" mechanisms leading to wrong conclusions. It draws parallels to enzymatic catalysis in biochemistry, and examines in detail the physico-chemical aspects of enantioselective catalysis.

FOUNDATIONS OF CHEMISTRY A foundation-level guide to chemistry for physical, life sciences and engineering students Foundations of Chemistry: An Introductory Course for Science Students fills a gap in the literature to provide a basic chemistry text aimed at physical sciences, life sciences and engineering students. The authors, noted experts on the topic, offer concise explanations of chemistry theory and the principles that are typically reviewed in most one year foundation chemistry courses and first year degree-level chemistry courses for non-chemists. The authors also include illustrative examples and information on the most recent applications in the field. Foundations of Chemistry is an important text that outlines the basic principles in each area of chemistry - physical, inorganic and organic - building on prior knowledge to quickly expand and develop a student's knowledge and understanding. Key features include: Worked examples showcase core concepts and practice questions. Margin comments signpost students to knowledge covered elsewhere and are used to highlight key learning objectives. Chapter summaries list the main concepts and learning points.

As energy demands continue to surge worldwide, the need for more efficient and environmentally neutral energy production also becomes increasingly apparent. Renewable Resources and Renewable Energy: A Global Challenge presents a well-rounded perspective on the development of bio-based feedstocks, biodegradable plastics, hydrogen energy, fuel cells, and other aspects related to renewable resources and sustainable energy production. The book first examines the transformation of bio-based renewable feedstock into valuable, clean, and economically attractive products. It explains the catalytic processes involved and surveys the relevant commercial technologies that are available. The book highlights how these technologies can be used for efficient waste management solutions, particularly for the synthetic polymers industry, as well as energy production. The authors also pay particular attention to current trends for hydrogen-based and fuel cell-based technologies and provide real-world case studies of renewable energy projects in Asia and South America. An accessible reference for both scientists and non-scientists, Renewable Resources and Renewable Energy offers valuable insight into the chemical processes and practical considerations as well as the advantages, challenges, and opportunities for developing these technologies and achieving more sustainable energy production.

Photoresponsive polymers that can be manipulated with specific frequency of light Designing of polymers for vibration damping Smart manipulations of hydrophic and superhydrophobic polymers Biopolymers including hydrogel for smart application, drug delivery etc. Smart paints Self-healing and shape memory polymers Holography for data storage Phase change polymers and solid polymer electrolyte for thermal and electrochemical energy Molecularly imprinting polymers for sub ppm sensing and removal of undesired materials Smart textile covering the concept of advanced textiles

Recent Methodology in Chemical Sciences provides an eclectic survey of contemporary problems in experimental, theoretical, and applied chemistry. This book covers recent trends in research with the different domain of the chemical sciences. The chapters, written by knowledgeable researchers, provide different insights to the modern-day research in the domain of spectroscopy, plasma modification, and theoretical and computational analysis of chemical problems. It covers descriptions of experimental techniques, discussions on theoretical modeling, and much more.

This book covers all the basic and applied aspects of crystallization processes based on membrane technology. Synthesis and processing of membrane materials are discussed and reviewed, while mass/heat transport and control are treated in view of the non-reversible thermodynamic principles and statistical thermodynamics. Engineering process design and crystalline materials products properties, and also the relation to other traditional crystallization formats, are analyzed. Advantages, limitations, and future developments are also included in the content, with special emphasis on new fields of applications like microfluidic configurations, controlled proteins (also membrane proteins) crystallization, organic semiconductors single crystals production, and optical materials.

When confronted with a problem in science, the way to proceed is not always obvious. The problem may seem intractable or there may be many possible solutions, with some better than others. Problem-Solving Exercises in Green and Sustainable Chemistry teaches students how to analyze and solve real-world problems that occur in an environmental context, and it encourages creativity in developing solutions to situations based on events that have actually taken place. The problems described in this book are relevant and stimulating in learning and understanding the principles of green and sustainable chemistry. They address various aspects of the field, including: Toxicity Waste generation and disposal Chemical accidents Energy efficiency New policy development The final chapter contains proposed solutions to the presented problems and provides commentaries and references to relevant literature. This book also prompts students to become more comfortable with the idea of multiple "correct" answers to problems. It emphasizes the reality that green chemistry is about making practical decisions and weighing multiple factors that are often conflicting, thus making it difficult or impossible to apply one perfect solution to a given situation. Problem-Solving Exercises in Green and Sustainable Chemistry prepares students to solve challenging problems, whether as green chemists, as architects designing energy-efficient buildings, or as environmentally-conscious citizens.

An Introduction to High-Pressure Science and Technology provides you with an understanding of the connections between the different areas involved in the multidisciplinary science of high pressure. The book reflects the deep interdisciplinary nature of the field and its close relationship with industrial applications. Thirty-nine specialists in high-pressure research guide you through the process of learning why pressure is considered a powerful scientific and technological tool, how pressure can be introduced into the laboratory, and which problems can be solved using this thermodynamic variable. The book presents basic thermodynamic equations and state-of-the-art computational tools. It shows how many experimental techniques, when combined with pressure, are powerful sources of information for understanding natural phenomena and reveal clear paths for the design of novel materials. The book also addresses the responses of microorganisms, Earth constituents, and icy planets to pressure.

Focusing on the application of mathematics to chemical engineering, Applied Mathematical Methods for Chemical Engineers addresses the setup and verification of mathematical models using experimental or other independently derived data. The book provides an introduction to differential equations common to chemical engineering, followed by examples of first-order and linear second-order ordinary differential equations. Later chapters examine Sturm-Liouville problems, Fourier series, integrals, linear partial differential equations, regular perturbation, combination of variables, and numerical methods emphasizing the method of lines with MATLAB (R) programming examples. Fully revised and updated, this Third Edition: Includes additional examples related to process control, Bessel Functions, and contemporary areas such as drug delivery Introduces examples of variable coefficient Sturm-Liouville problems both in the regular and singular types Demonstrates the use of Euler and modified Euler methods alongside the Runge-Kutta order-four method Inserts more depth on specific applications such as nonhomogeneous cases of separation of variables Adds a section on special types of matrices such as upper- and lower-triangular matrices Presents a justification for Fourier-Bessel series in preference to a complicated proof Incorporates examples related to biomedical engineering applications Illustrates the use of the predictor-corrector method Expands the problem sets of numerous chapters Applied Mathematical Methods for Chemical Engineers, Third Edition uses worked examples to expose several mathematical methods that are essential to solving real-world process engineering problems.

There is hardly a technical library in the world in which the volumes of the Chemical Formulary (Volumes 1-34) do not occupy a prominent place. It does not duplicate any of the formulas included in previous volumes, but lists a wide array of modern and salable products from all branches of the chemical industries. An excellent reference for formulation problems. - CONTENTS - I. Introduction - II. Adhesives - III. Beverages and Food - IV. Cosmetics - V. Coatings - VI. Detergents and Disinfectants - VII. Drugs - VIII. Polishes, Abrasives - IX. Miscellaneous - Appendix - Trademark Chemicals - Trademark Chemicals Suppliers - Index - PREFACE - Chemistry, as taught in our schools and colleges, concerns chiefly synthesis, analysis, and engineering-and properly so. It is part of the right foundation for the education of the chemist. Many a chemist entering an Industry soon finds that most of the products manufactured by his concern are not synthetic or definite complex compounds, but are mixtures, blends, or highly complex compounds of which he knows little or nothing. The literature in this field, if any, may be meager, scattered, or obsolete. Even chemists with years of experience In one or more Industries spend conslderable time and effort in acquainting themselves with any new field which they may enter. Consulting chemists similarly have to solve problems brought to them from industries foreign to them. There was a definite need for an up-to-date compilation of formulae for chemical compounding and treatment. Since the fields to be covered are many and varied, an editorial board of chemists and engineers engaged in many industries was formed. Many publications, laboratories, manufacturing firms, and Individuals have been consulted to obtain the latest and best information. It is felt that the formulas given in this volume will save chemists and allied workers much time and effort.

Compact Heat Exchangers for Energy Transfer Intensification: Low-Grade Heat and Fouling Mitigation provides theoretical and experimental background on heat transfer intensification in modern heat exchangers. Emphasizing applications in complex heat recovery systems for the process industries, this book: Covers various issues related to low-grade heat, including waste heat from industry and buildings, storage and transport of thermal energy, and heat transfer equipment requirements Explains the basic principles, terminology, and heat transfer aspects of compactness, as well as the concept of intensified heat area targets at process integration Pays special attention to the mitigation of fouling in heat exchangers and their systems, describing fouling deposition and threshold fouling mechanisms Delivers a thoughtful analysis of the economics of implementation, considering energy-capital trade-off, capital cost estimation, and energy prices Presents illustrative case studies of specific applications in food and chemical production plants Compact Heat Exchangers for Energy Transfer Intensification: Low-Grade Heat and Fouling Mitigation not only highlights key developments in compact heat exchangers, but also instills a practical knowledge of the latest process integration and heat transfer enhancement methodologies.

Catalysis for Sustainability: Goals, Challenges, and Impacts explores the intersection between catalytic science and sustainable technologies as a means to addressing current economic, social, and environmental problems. These problems include harnessing alternative energy sources, pollution prevention and remediation, and the manufacturing of commodity products. The book describes the nature of catalysis regarding sustainability and presents challenges to accomplishing sustainability as well as the significance of proven or potential success. The contributors have backgrounds in academia and industry to create a more integrated picture of the issues involving sustainability and catalysis. Broad in scope, the book covers topics such as traditional metal-mediated catalysis, organocatalysis, biocatalysis, biomimicry, and heterogeneous catalysis. It includes chapters dedicated to specific research areas of catalysis as they pertain to their effectiveness, their economic and environmental benefits, and the challenges researchers face in actualizing solutions. It also contains a chapter on the application of life cycle analysis to catalytic processes, demonstrating the need to holistically consider the sustainable impacts of a process. The book can be read in a straightforward fashion or skimmed without forfeiting understanding of the narrative on the strategies and intentions of research and development. Throughout the book the requirements of sustainability are measured by the triple bottom line of environmental, economic, and social impacts. It highlights real-world implementations of catalytic processes in drug development, manufacturing, polymers, and energy. Catalysis for Sustainability: Goals, Challenges, and Impacts is a strong and versatile text. It provides an introduction to the field and the issues with which it is concerned, as well as a detailed and far-reaching discussion on current achievements and future progress.

Human Factors Handbook for Process Plant Operations Provides clear and simple instructions for integrating Human Factors principles and practices in the design of processes and work tasks Human Factors, the science of interaction between humans and other elements of a system, draws from disciplines such as psychology, ergonomics, anthropometrics, and physiology to understand how and why people behave and perform as they do--and how best to support them in performing tasks. The goals of the Human Factors approach are to improve human reliability, minimize the risk from human error, and optimize the working environment, human wellbeing, and overall system performance. Human Factors Handbook for Process Plant Operations guides supervisors, managers, and engineers on incorporating Human Factors principles and practices into plant maintenance and operations. With thorough and accessible coverage of all Human Factors topics of relevance to process industries, this easy-to-use handbook uses real-world anecdotes and case studies to demonstrate effective training and learning, task planning, communications, emergency response, risk and error management, and more. Throughout the text, the authors offer valuable insights into why people make mistakes while providing advice on how to help workers perform their process operational tasks successfully. Explains all essential Human Factors concepts and knowledge with clear descriptions and illustrative examples Offers actionable advice and models of good practice that can be applied to design, process operations, start-ups and shut-downs, and maintenance Addresses job aids, equipment design, competence, task support, non-technical skills, working with contractors, and managing change Discusses how lack of Human Factors considerations during the engineering design phase can adversely affect safety and performance Describes how to use indicators to both recognize and learn from human error and performance issues Written by highly experienced operating and maintenance personnel, Human Factors Handbook for Process Plant Operations is an indispensable resource for everyone involved with defining, planning, training, and managing process operations, maintenance, and emergency response in the food, pharmaceutical, chemical, petroleum, and refining industries. The missions of both the CCPS and EI include developing and disseminating knowledge, skills and good practices to protect people, the environment, and property by bringing the best knowledge and practices to industry, academia, governments and the public around the world through collective wisdom, tools, training and expertise. The CCPS, an industrial technology alliance of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), has been at the forefront of documenting and sharing important process safety risk assessment methodologies for more than 35 years and has published over 100 books in its process safety guidelines and process safety concept book series. The EI's Technical Work Program addresses the depth and breadth of the energy sector from fuels and fuels distribution to health and safety, sustainability and the environment. The EI program provides cost-effective, value-adding knowledge on key current and future international issues affecting those in the energy sector.

Colloid and Surface Chemistry is a subject of immense importance and implications both to our everyday life and numerous industrial sectors, ranging from coatings and materials to medicine and biotechnology. How do detergents really clean? (Why can t we just use water ?) Why is milk milky Why do we use eggs so often for making sauces ? Can we deliver drugs in better and controlled ways? Coating industries wish to manufacture improved coatings e.g. for providing corrosion resistance, which are also environmentally friendly i.e. less based on organic solvents and if possible exclusively on water. Food companies want to develop healthy, tasty but also long-lasting food products which appeal to the environmental authorities and the consumer. Detergent and enzyme companies are working to develop improved formulations which clean more persistent stains, at lower temperatures and amounts, to the benefit of both the environment and our pocket. Cosmetics is also big business! Creams, lotions and other personal care products are really just complex emulsions. All of the above can be explained by the principles and methods of colloid and surface chemistry. A course on this topic is truly valuable to chemists, chemical engineers, biologists, material and food scientists and many more.

Process Safety for Engineers Familiarizes an engineer new to process safety with the concept of process safety management In this significantly revised second edition of Process Safety for Engineers: An Introduction, CCPS delivers a comprehensive book showing how Process Safety concepts are used to reduce operational risks. Students, new engineers, and others new to process safety will benefit from this book. In this updated edition, each chapter begins with a detailed incident case study, provides steps that help address issues, and contains problem sets which can be assigned to students. The second edition covers: Process Safety: including an overview of CCPS' Risk Based Process Safety Hazards: specifically fire and explosion, reactive chemical, and toxicity Design considerations for hazard control: including Hazard Identification and Risk Analysis Management of operational risk: including management of change In addition, the book presents how Process Safety performance is monitored and sustained. The associated online resources are linked to the latest online CCPS resources and lectures.

Numerical simulation models are used in all engineering disciplines for modeling physical phenomena to learn how the phenomena work, and to identify problems and optimize behavior. Smart Proxy Models provide an opportunity to replicate numerical simulations with very high accuracy and can be run on a laptop within a few minutes, thereby simplifying the use of complex numerical simulations, which can otherwise take tens of hours. This book focuses on Smart Proxy Modeling and provides readers with all the essential details on how to develop Smart Proxy Models using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning, as well as how it may be used in real-world cases. Covers replication of highly accurate numerical simulations using Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning Details application in reservoir simulation and modeling and computational fluid dynamics Includes real case studies based on commercially available simulators Smart Proxy Modeling is ideal for petroleum, chemical, environmental, and mechanical engineers, as well as statisticians and others working with applications of data-driven analytics.

Nanostructured electrode materials have exhibited unrivaled electrochemical properties in creating elite supercapacitors. Morphology Design Paradigm for Supercapacitors presents the latest advances in the improvement of supercapacitors, a result of the incorporation of nanomaterials into the design - from zero-dimensional to three-dimensional, and microporous to mesoporous. The book includes a comprehensive description of capacitive practices at the levels of sub-atomic and nanoscales. These have the ability to enhance device performance for an extensive assortment of potential applications, including consumer electronics, wearable gadgets, hybrid electric vehicles, stationary and industrial frameworks. Key Features: Provides readers with a clear understanding of the implementation of these materials as electrodes in electrochemical supercapacitors. Covers recent material designs and an extensive scope of electrode materials such as 0D to 3D. Explores recent nanostructured-system material designs that have been created and tested in supercapacitor configurations. Considers microporous to mesoporous supercapacitor electrode materials. Features the impact of nanostructures on the properties of supercapacitors, including specific capacitance, cycle stability, and rate capability.

This book focuses on the nanofiber membrane's fabrication, characterization, and performance for medical, environment and energy applications. Topics include polymer, inorganic and composite-form nanofiber membrane materials. Top Research teams from varied disciplines and continents outline applied nanofiber membrane fabrication techniques and characterizations. Promising nanofiber membranes for improving and enhancing technologies used in drug delivery, wound healing, tissue engineering, water and wastewater treatment and purification, gas separation and purification, air purification, and fuel cells are discussed along with the likely path forward for commercial usage. Key Features: Shares the most recent discovery solutions from experts all over the globe for the numerous problems in medical, environmental and energy applications. Provides a holistic cycle of nanofiber membrane development which comprehensively discusses the membrane preparation, characterizations, performance and the way forward for a specific process and application. Explains the mechanism of separation and purification. Focuses on the nanofiber membrane's fabrication, characterizations, and performance in various scenarios and commercial applications.

Designed to demystify chemistry for the non-chemist, Rapid Review of Chemistry for the Life Sciences and Engineering is a useful reference manual for life scientists and engineers, who may have forgotten a formula, principle, or concept in the college chemistry taken a few years ago. With over 100 solved examples, from balancing chemical reactions, doing stoichiometry, and understanding nomenclature rules in both organic and inorganic chemistry, to calculating half-lives in kinetics or radioactive decay schemes, understanding colligative properties of solutions, and interpreting toxicities of hazardous materials, this book is intended to make reviewing and understanding chemistry much clearer and easier. Relevant diagrams are in color and solved examples are organized by subject/topic and cross-referenced by page and chapter number. It may also serve as a concise go-to sidekick for students, who are not chemistry majors, taking chemistry at the college level and having difficulty understanding the scope, focus, language, or equations in their chemistry textbook. Armed with select, contemporary applications, it is written in the hope to bridge a gap between chemists and non-chemists, so that they may communicate with and understand each other. Chapters 1-10 are designed to contain the standard material in an introductory college chemistry course. Chapters 11-15 present applications of chemistry that should interest and appeal to scientists and engineers engaged in a variety of fields. Additional features More than 100 solved examples clearly illustrated and explained with SI units and conversion to other units using conversion tables included Assists the reader to understand organic and inorganic compounds along with their structures, including isomers, enantiomers, and congeners of organic compounds Provides a quick and easy access to basic chemical concepts and specific examples of solved problems Ideal sidekick for students who are non-chemistry majors taking intro. college chemistry, needing clear, concise explanations This concise, user-friendly review of general and organic chemistry with environmental applications will be of interest to all disciplines and backgrounds.

A range of factors must be considered when developing a topical antimicrobial for use in a healthcare personnel handwash, surgical scrub, or preoperative skin preparation. Antimicrobial effectiveness, low skin irritation, ease of use, and pleasing aesthetics are all essential if the product is to succeed. In addition, all facets of the product must comply with stringent regulatory requirements. With updated protocols and research, Topical Antimicrobials Testing and Evaluation, Second Edition comprehensively presents and reviews the latest techniques for testing antimicrobial compounds for effectiveness and regulatory compliance. Topics include: The anatomical structure of the skin and skin microbiology relevant to product testing Use of antimicrobial products against specific microorganisms such as Staphylococcus and Streptococcus species Measurement of antimicrobial action of topical antimicrobials from experimental design, microbiological, biostatistical, and marketplace perspectives Various aspects of the topical antimicrobial products currently in common use in medical, food service, and consumer markets Statistical analysis and specific statistical designs for clinical trials Epistemological requirements in evaluating the effects of specific treatments Evaluation strategies and sample working protocols for hand and body soaps, food-handler antimicrobial products, and medical/healthcare industry antimicrobial products The book is designed to inform industry and academia on the requirements to get products approved by the FDA and to market while also providing critical insight on ways to best service expanding markets.