Environmental engineering, is by its very nature, interdisciplinary and it is a challenge to develop courses that will provide students with a thorough broad-based curriculum that includes every aspect of the environmental engineering profession. Environmental engineers perform a variety of functions, most critical of which are process design for waste treatment or pollution prevention, fate and transport modeling, green engineering, and risk assessment. Chemical thermodynamics and chemical kinetics, the two main pillars of physical chemistry, are two of the many subjects that are crucial to environmental engineering. Based on the success of the successes of previous editions, Principles of Environmental Thermodynamics and Kinetics, Fourth Edition, provides an overarching view of the applications of chemical thermodynamics and kinetics in various aspects of the field of environmental science and engineering. Written by experts in the field, this new edition offers an improved logical progression of the text with principles and applications, includes new case studies with current relevant environmental events and their relationship to thermodynamics and kinetics, and adds examples and problems for the updated environmental events. It also includes a comprehensive analysis of green engineering with relation applications, updated appendices, and an increased number of thermodynamic and kinetic data for chemical species. While it is primarily intended for undergraduate students at the junior/senior level, the breadth and scope of this book make it a valuable resource for introductory graduate courses and a useful reference for environmental engineers.

The "greening" of industry processes - i.e., making them more sustainable - is a popular and often lucrative trend which has seen increased attention in recent years. Green Chemical Processes, the 2nd volume of Green Chemical Processing, covers the hot topic of sustainability in chemistry with a view to education, as well as considering corporate and environmental interests, e.g. in the context of energy production. The diverse team of authors allows for a balance between these different, but interconnected perspectives. The American Chemical Society's 12 Principles of Green Chemistry are woven throughout this text as well as the series to which this book belongs.

Microwave Chemistry has changed the way to work in chemical laboratories and is an established state-of-the-art technology to accelarate and enhance chemical processes. This book not only gives an overview of the technology, its historical development and theoretical background, but also presents its exceptionally broad spectrum of applications. Microwave Chemistry enables graduate students and scientist to learn and apply its methods successfully.

The book presents current research progress on hydrogen storage alloys, with a special focus on their applications in batteries. Background, formation mechanisms, electrochemical characteristics, and effects of elemental substitution are covered. Provides an up-to-date overview of the theme for experienced researchers, while including enough fundamentals to serve as a handy, practical introduction for newcomers to the field.

A practical approach to chemical reaction kinetics from basic concepts to laboratory methods featuring numerous real-world examples and case studies This book focuses on fundamental aspects of reaction kinetics with an emphasis on mathematical methods for analyzing experimental data and interpreting results. It describes basic concepts of reaction kinetics, parameters for measuring the progress of chemical reactions, variables that affect reaction rates, and ideal reactor performance. Mathematical methods for determining reaction kinetic parameters are described in detail with the help of real-world examples and fully-worked step-by-step solutions. Both analytical and numerical solutions are exemplified. The book begins with an introduction to the basic concepts of stoichiometry, thermodynamics, and chemical kinetics. This is followed by chapters featuring in-depth discussions of reaction kinetics; methods for studying irreversible reactions with one, two and three components; reversible reactions; and complex reactions. In the concluding chapters the author addresses reaction mechanisms, enzymatic reactions, data reconciliation, parameters, and examples of industrial reaction kinetics. Throughout the book industrial case studies are presented with step-by-step solutions, and further problems are provided at the end of each chapter. * Takes a practical approach to chemical reaction kinetics basic concepts and methods * Features numerous illustrative case studies based on the author s extensive experience in the industry * Provides essential information for chemical and process engineers, catalysis researchers, and professionals involved in developing kinetic models * Functions as a student textbook on the basic principles of chemical kinetics for homogeneous catalysis * Describes mathematical methods to determine reaction kinetic parameters with the help of industrial case studies, examples, and step-by-step solutions Chemical Reaction Kinetics is a valuable working resource for academic researchers, scientists, engineers, and catalyst manufacturers interested in kinetic modeling, parameter estimation, catalyst evaluation, process development, reactor modeling, and process simulation. It is also an ideal textbook for undergraduate and graduate-level courses in chemical kinetics, homogeneous catalysis, chemical reaction engineering, and petrochemical engineering, biotechnology.

This book contains a series of exercises and problems posed in the subject of green metrics. Essentially it is a "how to" book on evaluating the material efficiency, environmental impact, safety-hazard impact, and energy efficiency of any kind of chemical reaction or synthesis plan. Only the essential green metrics in each of these categories are used. The introduction highlights the hierarchy of metrics used throughout the book, explains the structure of how the book is arranged, how the problems are posed, and how the reader is to use the book. Examples refer to themes according to the headings given in the table of contents and are arranged in a hierarchical order. Key Features: The topics cover fundamentals in chemistry and the chemical industry in a blended fashion A unique text covering the fundamentals of green metrics from materials efficiency and environmental and safety-hazard impact, to new green technologies and more The book will be useful in a range of chemistry courses, from early undergraduate to advanced graduate courses, whether based in lectures, tutorials or laboratory experiments Using an extensive glossary of terms used in green metrics, each chapter has a specified theme where the relevant metrics definitions pertaining to that theme will be given with one or two illustrative worked examples Supplemental web-based downloadable material including extra problems, full solutions, Excel files, ChemDraw files, templates, and exercises

Crises in Oil, Gas and Petrochemical Industries: Loss Prevention and Disaster Management, Volume Two provides an overview of both natural and manmade disasters occurring in oil, gas and petrochemical industries and prepares special solutions based on their types. The book focuses on loss prevention and disaster management in petrochemical industries from different points-of-view. Sections review methods for making the apparatus safer and continue with discussions on the process of facing and managing disasters during the occurrence. Final sections cover loss and economic analysis after disasters and methods of reversibility are presented with case studies from around the world.

Conversion of waste into value-added products such as energy transforms a potential environmental problem into a sustainable solution. Energy from Waste: Production and Storage focuses on the conversion of waste from various sources for use in energy production and storage applications. It provides the state-of-the-art in developing advanced materials and chemicals for energy applications using wastes and discusses the various treatment processes and technologies. Covers synthesis of usable materials from various types of waste and their application in energy production and storage Presents an overview and applications of wastes for green energy production and storage Provides fundamentals of electrochemical behavior and understanding of energy devices such as fuel cells, batteries, supercapacitors, and solar cells Elaborates on advanced technologies used to convert waste into green biochemical energy This work provides new direction to scientists, researchers, and students in materials and chemical engineering and related subjects seeking to sustainable solutions to energy production and waste management.

Membrane processes today play a signifi cant role in the replacement therapy for acute and chronic organ failure diseases. Current extracorporeal blood purifi cation and oxygenation devices employ membranes acting as selective barriers for the removal of endogeneous and exogeneous toxins and for gas exchange, respectively. Additionally, membrane technology offers new interesting opportunities for the design of bioartificial livers, pancreas, kidneys, lungs etc. This book reviews the latest developments in membrane systems for bioartificial organs and regenerative medicine, investigates how membrane technology can improve the quality and efficiency of biomedical devices, and highlights the design procedures for membrane materials covering the preparation, characterization, and sterilization steps as well as transport phenomena. The different strategies pursued for the development of membrane bioartifi cial organs, including crucial issues related to blood/cell-membrane interactions are described with the aim of opening new and exciting frontiers in the coming decades. The book is a valuable tool for tissue engineers, clinicians, biomaterials scientists, membranologists as well as biologists and biotechnologists. It is also a source of reference for students, academic and industrial researchers in the topic of biotechnology, biomedical engineering, materials science and medicine.

Intensification of Sorption Processes: Active and Passive Mechanisms introduces a number of selected, advanced topics in sorption processes/process intensification, covering both theoretical and applicable aspects. The first part of the book is devoted to the study of sorption processes based on active mechanisms, including ultrasonic, microwave, high-gravity, electrical and magnetic fields, while the second part covers passive mechanisms like nanostructures and nanofluids, membrane, supercritical fluids and sorption processes based on geometry design and equipment structure. The focus of the book is on key aspects of novel process intensification technologies (processes and equipment), i.e., absorption and adsorption, working principles, and design and applications.

This book presents the latest findings on amino acid fermentation and reviews the 50-year history of their development. The book is divided into four parts, the first of which presents a review of amino acid fermentation, past and present. The second part highlights selected examples of amino acid fermentation in more detail, while the third focuses on recent advanced technologies. The last part introduces readers to several topics for future research directions in amino acid production systems. A new field, "amino acid fermentation", was created by the progress of academic research and industrial development. In 1908, the Japanese researcher Kikunae Ikeda discovered glutamate as an Umami substance. Then a new seasoning, MSG (monosodium glutamate), was commercialized. Although glutamate was extracted from the hydro-lysate of wheat or soybean in the early days, a new production method was subsequently invented - "fermentation" - in which glutamate is produced from sugars such as glucose by a certain bacterium called Corynebacterium. The topic of this volume is particularly connected in a significant way with biochemical, biotechnological, and microbial fields. Both professionals in industry and an academic audience will understand the importance of this volume.

A comprehensive resource on the regulations, applications, properties and processing of pigments used in color cosmetics, now in its second edition. Coloring the Cosmetic World is a highly practical guide to colorant selection for product formulations in the modern cosmetics and toiletries industry. Providing the essential knowledge required to successfully incorporate pigments into cosmetic formulations, this unique resource covers all essential aspects of color selection--including regulations, economics, color esthetics, and stability--as well as processing, color measurement, pigment testing, natural colorants, and more. This new edition contains carefully revised content and includes updated coverage of economic and regulatory criteria. Drawing upon their decades of experience in the color industry, the author and editor focus on the specific color additives that are approved for use in cosmetics formulations. The book's twelve in-depth chapters include full masstone representations of numerous pigments to help readers appreciate subtleties and differences in absorption pigments, effect pigments, specialty pigments, and others. Appendices contain various pigment test methods, a glossary, and an up-to-date listing of treated pigment patents. Covering the chemistry, regulations, evaluation, processing, and properties of worldwide cosmetic pigments, this one-of-a-kind book: Covers the common pigments used in lipsticks, face makeup, eye shadow, mascara, nail lacquer, and other color cosmetics Provides detailed information on a variety of specific pigments, including their chemical properties, esthetic quality, and application in a wide range of products Discusses regulatory considerations and the economics of selecting colors for use in different decorative cosmetics Highlights practical concerns such as colorants' stability, interactions with other chemicals, manufacturing conditions, and packaging Explains how the effects of heat, light, pH, humidity, and other environmental factors inform pigment selection for different product types and use cases Coloring the Cosmetic World: Using Pigments in Decorative Cosmetic Formulations, Second Edition, is an indispensable guide for cosmetic chemists, a useful reference for purchasing agents, supply coordinators, and marketers working in the cosmetics industry, and a valuable supplementary text for undergraduate and graduate university programs in the field.

Innovation from A to Z presents a glossary, including: Terms, older terms whose meanings have changed, acronyms, synonyms, famous names, selected abbreviations, and cross-references. A highly interdisciplinary approach incorporating strategy and entrepreneurship with technology and engineering sciences, economics, marketing, organizational behavior and theory. Ideal for engineers, managers, sales people and economists.

Purification of Laboratory Chemicals: Part One, Physical Techniques, Chemical Techniques, Organic Chemicals, Ninth Edition describes contemporary methods for the purification of chemical compounds. The work includes tabulated methods taken from literature for purifying thousands of individual commercially available chemical substances. To help in applying this information, the more common processes currently used for purification in chemical laboratories and new methods are discussed. For dealing with substances not separately listed, another chapter is included, setting out the usual methods for purifying specific classes of compounds. Laboratory workers, whether carrying out research or routine work, will invariably need to consult this book. Apart from the procedures described, the large amount of physical data about listed chemicals is essential. This fully updated, revised and expanded new edition includes the purification of many new substances that have been available commercially since 2017, along with previously available substances which have found new applications.

With the ultimate goal of systematically and robustly defining the specific perturbations necessary to alter a cellular phenotype, systems metabolic engineering has the potential to lead to a complete cell model capable of simulating cell and metabolic function as well as predicting phenotypic response to changes in media, gene knockouts/overexpressions, or the incorporation of heterologous pathways. In Systems Metabolic Engineering: Methods and Protocols, experts in the field describe the methodologies and approaches in the area of systems metabolic engineering and provide a step-by-step guide for their implementation. Four major tenants of this approach are addressed, including modeling and simulation, multiplexed genome engineering, 'omics technologies, and large data-set incorporation and synthesis, all elucidated through the use of model host organisms. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology (TM) series format, chapters include introductions on their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible laboratory protocols, and tips on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Comprehensive and cutting-edge, Systems Metabolic Engineering: Methods and Protocols serves as an ideal guide for metabolic engineers, molecular biologists, and microbiologists aiming to implement the most recent approaches available in the field.

Advances in Biomembranes and Lipid Self-Assembly, formerly titled Advances in Planar Lipid Bilayers and Liposomes, provides a global platform for a broad community of experimental and theoretical researchers studying cell membranes, lipid model membranes, and lipid self-assemblies from the micro- to the nanoscale. Planar lipid bilayers are widely studied due to their ubiquity in nature, also finding application in the formulation of biomimetic model membranes. Section topics in this release cover Ras Proteolipid nano-assemblies on the plasma membrane, gold nanomaterials, recent advances in cancer theranostics, and the interactions of flavonoids with lipidic mesophases, amongst other highly resourceful topics. Self-assembled lipid structures have enormous potential as dynamic materials, ranging from artificial lipid membranes, to cell membranes, from biosensing, to controlled drug delivery, and from pharmaceutical formulations, to novel food products, to name a few. This series represents both original research and comprehensive reviews written by world-leading experts and young researchers.

An encyclopedic, A-Z listing of terminology, Loss Prevention and Safety Control: Terms and Definitions addresses the need for a comprehensive reference that provides a complete and sufficient description of the terminology used in the safety/loss prevention field. Fostering clarity in communication among diverse segments within the field and between outside agencies, this book: Provides a reference for the background, meaning, and description of safety and loss prevention terms being used in government, industry, research, and education Contains two-paragraph descriptions of terms, photographs, diagrams, graphs, and tables to aid understanding of the subject, making it more than a dictionary Includes common safety terms, safety engineering aspects, a description of safety organizations, and a list of common safety standards and their scope The field of safety and loss prevention encompasses myriad unrelated industries and organizations, such as insurance companies, research entities, process industries, and educational organizations. These organizations may not realize that their terminology is not understood by individuals or even compatible with the nomenclature used outside their own sphere of influence. And even though fire protection and environmental professionals use identical and similar terminology, their meanings may be slightly different in selected applications. An all-encompassing reference, the book uses OSHA standards and interpretations as guidelines for the definitions and explanations. Drawing from the many areas that influence the terminology, it provides a basic understanding of the terms used in lost prevention and control.

This book covers the latest research on porous materials at the submicron scale and inspires readers to better understand the porosity of materials, as well as to develop innovative new materials. A comprehensive range of materials are covered, including carbon-based and organic-based porous materials, porous anodic alumina, silica, and titania-based sol-gel materials. The fabrication, characterization, and applications of these materials are all explored, with applications ranging from sensors, thermoelectrics, catalysis, energy storage, to photovoltaics. Also of practical use for readers are chapters that describe the basics of porous silicon fabrication and its use in optical sensing and drug delivery applications; how thermal transport is affected in porous materials; how to model diffusion in porous materials; and a unique chapter on an innovative spectroscopic technique used to characterize materials' porosity. This is an ideal book for graduate students, researchers, and professionals who work with porous materials.

Providing safe drinking water is one of the top priorities for scientists and industrialists working on humanitarian projects, and one particular problem is the contamination of groundwater with toxic organic and inorganic compounds released by various industries. The presence of contaminants or industrial effluents in drinking water systems has increasingly become a major environmental challenge. To address the problem, a number of methods, including ion exchange, membrane filtration, advanced oxidation, biological degradation, photocatalytic degradation, electro-coagulation, and adsorption, are in operation for removing or minimizing these wastes. The purification process of wastewater using conventional methods has proved to be markedly ineffective, very difficult, and highly expensive. On the other hand, for the remediation of water resources, a concept like green chemistry, based on the application of biological agents including polymers, bacteria, and fungi, has received great scientific attention as it helps to avoid the toxic by-products of conventional techniques and enhances eco-friendly wastewater treatment approaches. This book, Green Chemistry for Sustainable Water Purification, is written with the goal of providing significant and up-to-date research advances on chemical water treatments based on green materials and nanocomposites. Specifically, several case studies have been included to demonstrate the feasibility of low-cost materials for the successful treatment of organic and inorganic contaminants.

Purification of Laboratory Chemicals: Part Two, Inorganic Chemicals, Catalysts, Biochemicals, Physiologically Active Chemicals, Nanomaterials, Ninth Edition describes contemporary methods for the purification of chemical compounds. The work includes tabulated methods taken from literature for purifying thousands of individual commercially available chemical substances. To help in applying this information, the more common processes currently used for purification in chemical laboratories and new methods are discussed. For dealing with substances not separately listed, another chapter is included, setting out the usual methods for purifying specific classes of compounds. Laboratory workers, whether carrying out research or routine work, will invariably need to consult this book. Apart from the procedures described, the large amount of physical data about listed chemicals is essential. This fully updated, revised and expanded new edition includes the purification of many new substances that have been available commercially since 2017, along with previously available substances which have found new applications.

This book introduces key fundamentals of microarray bioprinting, including the required chip platforms and associated instruments/devices, experimental protocols for cell printing and biochemical- and cell-based assays, and several example applications. Various bioprinting approaches that allow for the rapid testing of hundreds of different cell culture conditions in combinations on a single chip are discussed in detail. Also covered is high-content, 3D cell-based imaging assays of tissue functions on miniaturized tissue constructs for high-throughput, predictive screening of drug efficacy and toxicity. This is an ideal book for graduate and postgraduate students in the field of biomedical engineering as well as scientists in the pharmaceutical industry. This book also: Broadens readers' understanding of the principles of microarray bioprinting, chip platforms and associated instruments/devices, and surface chemistry for micropatterning of cells on the chip platform Covers the latest developments in printing cells in hydrogels and methods of gelation as well as printing other biological samples in aqueous solutions Illustrates the complete process for cell staining and high-content imaging of 3D cells on the chip and predicting human metabolism and toxicology on the chip

This handbook is a valuable resource for scientists, engineers, graduate students, managers, decision makers, and those who are interested in ionic liquids. Many industrial applications rely on the use of Ionic Liquid Mixtures, as in solar energy storage, waste recycling or batteries.Physicochemical Properties of Ionic Liquid Mixtures is a useful handbook that contains the following features: - the physicochemical properties and property models of mixtures containing ionic liquids - supplemented by a comprehensive database of properties listing ionic liquid systems collected from more than 800 dependable literature sources - over 60,000 data entries on 39 types of physicochemical properties for 1388 mixtures, including binary, ternary, quaternary and other mixtures.

In the field of industrial ventilation and air quality, a lack of adequate analysis for aerodynamic processes, as well as a shortage of properly equipped computer facilities, has forced specialists to rely on an empirical approach to find answers in the past. Commonly based on crude models, practical data, or countertypes, the answers often offered have been imprecise. Summarizing the results of the authors' research conducted over the past 40 years, Industrial Air Quality and Ventilation: Controlling Dust Emissions examines air injection in granular material streams and defines the closed hood capacity widely used in the mechanical reprocessing of minerals. This book introduces a methodological approach (dynamic theory) that broadens the range of granular materials, including inter-heated material. It considers the mechanisms of ejecting air in different variations from uniform air motion processes in closed chutes to the forming of accelerated air streams in a free particles flow. It also provides the scientific basics of calculation for local exhaust ventilation dust production (aspiration), and enables readers to accurately apply these results to the mechanical processing of various materials. * Describes the engineering methods for calculating the amounts of aspirated air for various industries and technological units * Assists in developing new environmentally clean and competitive advanced technologies and equipment for the processing of granular materials * Proposes new technical solutions that are more sanitary and require less energy and water consumption * Looks at specific industry examples of localization of release Industrial Air Quality and Ventilation: Controlling Dust Emissions proposes low power consumption-based technical solutions and outlines more accurate methods of calculating recommended performance. Richly illustrated with practical suggestions and techniques, the text includes real-world applications in the field of aerodynamic processes within gravitational fluxes of granular material, and encourages the development of new environmentally clean and competitive advanced technologies and equipment for the processing of granular materials.

Suitable for practicing engineers and engineers in training, Unit Operations of Particulate Solids: Theory and Practice presents the unit operations in chemical engineering that involve the handling and processing of particulate solids. The first part of the book analyzes primary and secondary properties of particles and particulate systems, focusing on their characterization and the effects on selection and design of silos and conveyors. Covering the main industrial operations of dry solids processing, the second part offers insight into the operation principles of the most important technologies that handle dry solids in bulk. With an emphasis on two-phase and multiphase flow, the final part describes all of the relevant systems in industrial processes that combine two different components of the state of matter as well as technologies for separating phases by purely mechanical means. Through clear explanations of theoretical principles and practical laboratory exercises, this book provides an understanding of the behavior of powders and pulverized systems. It also helps readers develop skills for operating, optimizing, and innovating particle processing technologies and machinery in order to carry out industrial operations, such as centrifugation, filtration, and membrane separations.

The use of simulation plays a vital part in developing an integrated approach to process design. By helping save time and money before the actual trial of a concept, this practice can assist with troubleshooting, design, control, revamping, and more. Process Modelling and Simulation in Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering explores effective modeling and simulation approaches for solving equations. Using a systematic treatment of model development and simulation studies for chemical, biochemical, and environmental processes, this book explains the simplification of a complicated process at various levels with the help of a "model sketch." It introduces several types of models, examines how they are developed, and provides examples from a wide range of applications. This includes the simple models based on simple laws such as Fick's law, models that consist of generalized equations such as equations of motion, discrete-event models and stochastic models (which consider at least one variable as a discrete variable), and models based on population balance. Divided into 11 chapters, this book: Presents a systematic approach of model development in view of the simulation need Includes modeling techniques to model hydrodynamics, mass and heat transfer, and reactors for single as well as multi-phase systems Provides stochastic and population balance models Covers the application and development of artificial neural network models and hybrid ANN models Highlights gradients based techniques as well as statistical techniques for model validation and sensitivity analysis Contains examples on development of analytical, stochastic, numerical, and ANN-based models and simulation studies using them Illustrates modeling concepts with a wide spectrum of classical as well as recent research papers Process Modelling and Simulation in Chemical, Biochemical and Environmental Engineering includes recent trends in modeling and simulation, e.g. artificial neural network (ANN)-based models, and hybrid models. It contains a chapter on flowsheeting and batch processes using commercial/open source software for simulation.