A benchmark publication, the first edition of the Phosphor Handbook, published in 1998, set the standard for references in the field. The second edition, updated and published in 2007, began exploring new and emerging fields. However, in the last 14 years, since the second edition was published, many notable advances and broader phosphor applications have occurred. Completely revised, updated, and expanded into three separate volumes, this third edition of the Handbook covers the most recent developments in phosphor research, characterization, and applications. This volume on 'Novel Phosphors, Synthesis, and Applications' provides the descriptions of synthesis and optical properties of phosphors used in different applications, including the novel phosphors for some newly developed applications. The chapters in this book cover: Various LED-based phosphors and their synthesis and applications Ingenious integrated smart phosphors and their novel optoelectronic and photonic devices Quantum dot, single crystalline, and glass phosphors Upconversion nanoparticles for super-resolution imaging and photonic and biological applications Special phosphors for laser, OLED, energy storage, quantum cutting, thermometry, photosynthesis, AC-driven LED, and solar cells

Chitin is the second most abundant natural polymer in the world after cellulose, mainly derived from the food waste of shrimp and crabs. Chitosan is the most important derivative of chitin. Thanks to their biodegradability, non-toxicity, biocompatibility, bioactivity, and versatile chemical and physical properties, chitin and chitosan derivatives are used in a wide variety of applications, including water treatment, cosmetics and toiletries, food and beverages, healthcare/medical, and agrochemicals. Chitin and Chitosans in the Bioeconomy covers all major aspects of chitin and chitosan, including structure, biosynthesis, biodegradation, properties of chitin and derivatives, applications, and market. It offers a special focus on the bioeconomy, which is the renewable segment of the circular economy. Describes the structure, biosynthesis, and biodegradation of chitin and chitosan Covers chitin- and chitosan-based products Details valorization of these materials Presents information on shell biorefineries Chitin and Chitosans in the Bioeconomy serves as a reference for polymer scientists and engineers and is also accessible to economists and advanced students.

A benchmark publication, the first edition of the Phosphor Handbook, published in 1998, set the standard for references in the field. The second edition, updated and published in 2007, began exploring new and emerging fields. However, in the last 14 years, since the second edition was published, many notable advances and broader phosphor applications have occurred. Completely revised, updated, and expanded into three separate volumes, this third edition of the Handbook covers the most recent developments in phosphor research, characterization, and applications. This volume on 'Fundamentals of Luminescence' elucidates the theoretical background and fundamental properties of luminescence as applied to solid-state phosphor materials. The book includes the chapters that cover: Basic principles of luminescence, the principal phosphor materials, and their optical properties New developments in principal phosphors in nitrides, perovskite, and silicon carbide Revised lanthanide level locations and its impact on phosphor performance Detailed descriptions of energy transfer and upconversion processes in bulk and nanoscaled particles and core-shell structures Rapid developing organic and polymer luminescent materials and devices

This book covers the latest developments and advances in spray drying and describes how they impact the basic aspect of designing and operating spray dryers. This generic approach allows users to understand how different basic aspects of spray drying have advanced. Users will learn how to apply these advances in their own specific spray drying applications. This book also discusses the handling and control of spray dried products. Includes the latest techniques for use in the design and operation of spray drying operations Covers the basic operations of spray drying that can be applied to different applications of spray drying Discusses the handling and control of spray dried product qualities from a general approach, allowing readers to tailor these approaches to their own specific products This book is aimed at professionals, researchers, and academics working in the fields of food, chemical, pharmaceutical, and industrial engineering.

A benchmark publication, the first edition of the Phosphor Handbook, published in 1998, set the standard for references in the field. The second edition, updated and published in 2007, began exploring new and emerging fields. However, in the last 14 years, since the second edition was published, many notable advances and broader phosphor applications have occurred. Completely revised, updated, and expanded into three separate volumes, this third edition of the Handbook covers the most recent developments in phosphor research, characterization, and applications. This volume on 'Experimental Methods for Phosphor Evaluation and Characterization' addresses the theoretical and experimental methods for phosphor evaluation and characterization. The chapters in the book cover: First principle and DFT analysis of optical, structural, and chemical properties of phosphors Phosphor design and tuning through structure and solid solution Design for IR, NIR, and narrowband emission and thermally stable phosphors and nanophosphors Detailed illustration for measurement of the absolute photoluminescence quantum yield of phosphors Phosphor analysis through photoionization, high pressure, and synchrotron radiation studies

Unit Operations in Winery, Brewery, and Distillery Design focuses on process design for wineries, breweries, and distilleries; and fills the need for a title that focuses on the challenges inherent to specifying and building alcoholic beverage production facilities. This text walks through the process flow of grapes to wine, grain to beer, and wine and beer to distilled spirits, with an emphasis on the underlying engineering principles, the equipment involved in these processes, and the selection and design of said equipment. Outlines the process flow of alcoholic beverage production Reviews process engineering fundamentals (mass & energy balances, fluid flow, materials receiving & preparation, heat exchange, fermentation, downstream processing, distillation, ageing, packaging, utilities, control systems, and plant layout) and their application to beverage plants Describes the idea of sanitary design and its application to plant operation and design Covers critical equipment parameters for purchasing, operating, and maintaining systems Shows how winery/brewery/distillery can influence product "style" and how "style" can dictate design Features examples of calculations derived from wineries designed by the authors, end of chapter problems, and integrative in-text problems that describe real-world issues and extend understanding Written for both engineers in the alcohol industry and non-engineers looking to understand facility design, this textbook is aimed at students, winemakers, brewers, distillers, and process engineers.

Biotribology includes tribological phenomena of natural and implant surface interactions under relative motion in the human body. Biotribology: Emerging Technologies and Applications disseminates ideas and research trends in biotribology and presents pioneering recent research advances impacting the field, focusing on the roles of mathematics, chemistry, physics, materials, and mechanical engineering. Discusses lubrication of joint replacements, computational modeling of biotribology and multibody biomechanical models Describes metal-organic frameworks, medical friction pairs, and electrochemical techniques to tribocorrosion tests Covers state of the art and future technological developments and applications, as well as challenges and opportunities Biotribology is an important and growing field, and the topics covered in this book will be of great interest to the international tribology community, appealing to readers working in the fields of materials science, biomedical engineering, biotechnology, mechanical engineering, and related areas.

The first book to assess exposures of people and wildlife to airborne chemicals Includes a very good selection of case study applications with relevant data summarized for pesticides and contaminants in air Discusses issues related to approaches to modelling pesticides and contaminants occurrence and behaviour in air Includes assessment of physicochemical properties of pesticides and contaminants that influence sampling and atmospheric mobility and fate Well organized and helpful for people interested in regulatory, health, and other topics related to pesticides and contaminants in air

This book is devoted to the problems of oxidation chemical reactions and addresses bimodal reaction sequences. Chemical reactions of oxidation, occurring under certain conditions and in multicomponent systems are complex processes. The process of the oxidation essentially changes in the presence and contact of the solid substances with reactants. The role of solid substances and the appearance of this phenomenon in oxidation reaction are discussed. The reader will understand the "driving forces" of this phenomenon and apply it in practice. Written for chemists, physicists, biologists and engineers working in the domain of oxidation reactions. Key Selling Features: Covers the historical background, modern state of the art, and perspectives in investigations of the coupling between heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions Discusses the feasible pathways of the coupling of heterogeneous and homogeneous reactions in oxidation in man-made and natural chemical systems Addresses the abundance, peculiarities and mechanisms of the bimodal reaction sequences in oxidation with dioxygen in recent decades Discusses the existence of the bimodal reaction sequences in chemical systems investigations in atmospheric chemistry and heterogeneous photocatalysis Presented in a simple concise style, accessible for both specialists and non-specialists

First published in 1992, Environmental Particles describes properties, roles, and methods for the characterization of environmental particles in air, water, sediment, and soil. This book emphasizes modern methods for sampling, instrumental characterization methods, and physical/chemical principles for describing the properties and roles of particles in the environment (particularly their influence on the transport of toxic compounds). It will be an excellent reference source for environmental chemists and physicists, limnologists, oceanographers, air and soil scientists, analytical chemists, environmental engineers, scientists involved in environmental protection, and students.

The primary goal of nanotechnology is to achieve nanoscale materials and devices with atomic precision. Toward this goal, breakthroughs have recently been made in the solution-phase synthesis and applications of atomically precise nanoclusters. This book presents the exciting progress in this new research field. The chapters are contributed by leading experts of the field and cover the synthetic methods, atomic structures, electronic and optical properties, and catalytic applications of noble metal nanoclusters. Such new nanocluster materials offer exciting opportunities for chemists and physicists to understand the fundamental science of nanoclusters, especially the atomic-level structure-property correlation and design of new materials, as well as for developing a range of applications including catalysis, biomedicine, sensing, imaging, optics, and energy conversion. The book will be of interest to readers and researchers in nanotechnology, nanochemistry, catalysis, and computational chemistry, as well as practitioners in industry R&D for new materials. It is written to be accessible to undergraduate and graduate students and, therefore, is an excellent teaching material.

Explores how antiviral nanomaterials can be used in developing targeted drug delivery practices and enable pharmaceutical industries to reformulate available drugs on market Covers immunization, imaging, and drug delivery and features various case studies on managing viral diseases Addresses synthesis protocols and recent developments by performing physicochemistry on virion substrate, hybrid viral networks, and multilayered arrays thus enabling R&D experts to study and successfully instigate cutting-edge technologies unique to viruses Discusses current and near future applications of antiviral nanomaterials and their activity in drug delivery systems Describes the role of nanotechnology in prevention, detection, and treatment of COVID-19 Investigates the role of antiviral nanodrugs play in human and animal body systems and in major viral disease types.

Drying processes are among the most energy-consuming operations in industry. Flame spray drying (FSD) is a novel approach to reduce the energy supply needed for the spray drying process. Flame Spray Drying: Equipment, Mechanism, and Perspectives describes FSD technology and current developments in flame techniques and evaluates potential industrial implementation. Details advantages of FSD in terms of energy consumption and reduced drying time Promotes applications of biofuels for the drying process Analyzes the FSD method from CFD modelling to product quality Evaluates potential safety and product degradation risks Provides examples of potential applications of the FSD technique in drying of different materials This book describes an important new technique that is useful to chemical and process engineering researchers, professionals, and students working with drying technologies.

Africa's dire need to industrialize is universally acknowledged and it is evident that the continent's vast mineral resources can catalyze that industrialization. This requires the promotion of local beneficiation and value addition of minerals to yield materials on which modern Africa's industry and society can rely. This book is, therefore, about transforming Africa's comparative advantages in minerals into the continent's competitive edge regarding materials. Mineral beneficiation and value addition form the basis and provide opportunities for mineral-driven Africa's industrialization. The scope of the book is three-fold with inter-connected relationships: Information, Technical, and Policy oriented. It will be a useful reference material for mining undergraduate students on beneficiation and value addition of each of the minerals found in Africa. The book, while presenting a broad overview of beneficiation and value addition of Africa's minerals, provides crucial starting material for postgraduate research students and R&D institutions who wish to delve into more advanced methods of extraction and utilization of mineral-derived materials that are in Africa for the purpose of industrialization of the continent.

LEVULINIC ACID An essential overview of this renewable platform chemical with growing commercial applications Use of fossil fuels and their derivatives has been one of the major drivers of climate change. This ongoing crisis has driven a global search for biofuels and biomass-derived chemicals which can serve as the basis for sustainable and renewable industry. One such 'platform molecule' is levulinic acid, whose derivatives are increasingly replacing traditional fossil-derived chemicals. The importance of levulinic acid for renewable industry is therefore only growing. Levulinic Acid: A Sustainable Platform Chemical for Value-Added Products provides a book-length introduction to this chemical and its derivatives, like the levulinates, for which applications include fuel additives, food and cosmetic preservatives, flavors, solvents, and more. The book surveys the production routes and necessary technologies involved in the production of levulinic acid, as well as its current and potential applications and typical chemical reactions. It provides a critical introduction to a potentially rich source of alternative industrial material. Levulinic Acid readers will also find: Production routes from different biomass materials Treatment of both organic and inorganic levulinates Extensive discussion of levulinic acid hydrogenation Other derivatives formed upon reaction at the keto-functionality Levulinic Acid is the first book on this subject, ideal for researchers and industry professionals in green chemistry and sustainable/renewable production, as well as regulators and policymakers with a focus on the relevant industries.

Sustainable world economy requires a steady supply of crude oil without any production constraints. Thus, the ever-increasing energy demand of the entire world can be mostly met through the enhanced production from crude oil from existing reservoirs. With the fact that newer reservoirs with large quantities of crude oil could not be explored at a faster pace, it will be inevitable to produce the crude oil from matured reservoirs at an affordable cost. Among alternate technologies, the chemical enhanced oil recovery (EOR) technique has promising potential to recover residual oil from matured reservoirs being subjected to primary and secondary water flooding operations. Due to pertinent complex phenomena that often have a combinatorial role and influence, the implementation of chemical EOR schemes such as alkali/surfactant/polymer flooding and their combinations necessitates upon a fundamental understanding of the potential mechanisms and their influences upon one another and desired response variables. Addressing these issues, the book attempts to provide useful screening criteria, guidelines, and rules of thumb for the identification of process parametric sets (including reservoir characteristics) and response characteristics (such as IFT, adsorption etc.,) that favor alternate chemical EOR systems. Finally, the book highlights the relevance of nanofluid/nanoparticle for conventional and unconventional reservoirs and serves as a needful resource to understand the emerging oil recovery technology. Overall, the volume will be of greater relevance for practicing engineers and consultants that wish to accelerate on field applications of chemical and nano-fluid EOR systems. Further, to those budding engineers that wish to improvise upon their technical know-how, the book will serve as a much-needed repository.

A complete reference for fermentation engineers engaged in commercial chemical and pharmaceutical production, "Fermentation and Biochemical Engineering Handbook" emphasizes the operation, development and design of manufacturing processes that use fermentation, separation and purification techniques. Contributing authors from companies such as Merck, Eli Lilly, Amgen and Bristol-Myers Squibb highlight the practical aspects of the processes-data collection, scale-up parameters, equipment selection, troubleshooting, and more. They also provide relevant perspectives for the different industry sectors utilizing fermentation techniques, including chemical, pharmaceutical, food, and biofuels.

New material in the third edition covers topics relevant to modern recombinant cell fermentation, mammalian cell culture, and biorefinery, ensuring that the book will remain applicable around the globe. It uniquely demonstrates the relationships between the synthetic processes for small molecules such as active ingredients, drugs and chemicals, and the biotechnology of protein, vaccine, hormone, and antibiotic production. This major revision also includes new material on membrane pervaporation technologies for biofuels and nanofiltration, and recent developments in instrumentation such as optical-based dissolved oxygen probes, capacitance-based culture viability probes, and in situ real-time fermentation monitoring with wireless technology. It addresses topical environmental considerations, including the use of new (bio)technologies to treat and utilize waste streams and produce renewable energy from wastewaters. Options for bioremediation are also explained.
Fully updated to cover the latest advances in recombinant cell fermentation, mammalian cell culture and biorefinery, along with developments in instrumentation Industrial contributors from leading global companies, including Merck, Eli Lilly, Amgen, and Bristol-Myers SquibbCovers synthetic processes for both small and large molecules

Renewable Materials and Green Technology Products: Environmental and Safety Aspects looks at the design, manufacture, and use of efficient, effective, safe, and more environmentally benign chemical products and processes. It includes a broad range of application-based solutions to the development of renewable materials and green technology. The latest trends in the green synthesis and properties of CNs are presented in the first chapter of this book for generating social awareness about sustainable developments. The book goes on to highlight the naissance and progressive trail of microwave-assisted synthesis of metal oxide nanoparticles, for a clean and green technology tool. Chapters discuss green technological alternatives for the global abatement of air pollution, effective use and treatment of water and wastewater, renewable power generation from solar PV cells, carbon-based nanomaterials synthesized using green protocol for sustainable development, green technologies that help to achieve economic development without harming the environment, technical solutions to cut down the quantum of N losses, conventional processing techniques in developing the bionanocomposites as the biocatalyst, and more.

Includes step-by-step screenshots for all the examples Shows the graphical user interface of COMSOL, which does not require any programming effort Provides chapter-end problems for extensive practice along with solutions Includes actual examples of chemical reactors, transport processes, fluid flow, and heat and mass transfer

This book details the use of conducting polymers and their composites in supercapacitors, batteries, photovoltaics, and fuel cells, nearly covering the entire spectrum of energy area under one title. Conducting Polymers for Advanced Energy Applications covers a range of advanced materials based on conducting polymers, the fundamentals, and the chemistry behind these materials for energy applications. FEATURES Covers materials, chemistry, various synthesis approaches, and the properties of conducting polymers and their composites Discusses commercialization and markets and elaborates on advanced applications Presents an overview and the advantages of using conducting polymers and their composites for advanced energy applications Describes a variety of nanocomposites, including metal oxides, chalcogenides, graphene, and materials beyond graphene Offers the fundamentals of electrochemical behavior This book provides a new direction for scientists, researchers, and students in materials science and polymer chemistry who seek to better understand the chemistry behind conducting polymers and improve their performance for use in advanced energy applications.

In petroleum refineries, although there are sets of standard operating procedures to operate the plants, unique problems often arise, which need to be tackled with engineering knowledge and experience without much loss of energy and time. This process is termed 'troubleshooting', and it saves production loss, leading to profitability and sustainability of the refinery operation. This book covers the ins and outs of troubleshooting in petroleum refineries, with an analysis of the problems faced, the fundamentals behind them and logical reasoning and illustrations to solve the problems, along with lessons learnt. This is the first such book on the market since the publication of one by Norman P. Lieberman about 30 years ago, and there has been a massive change in technology since then. This book will not only enlighten practicing engineers in refineries and postgraduate students but also facilitate the creation of a knowledge bank on troubleshooting case studies, helping share engineering knowledge and experiences.

Supramolecular chemistry, "the chemistry beyond the molecule", is a fascinating realm of modern science. The design of novel supramolecular structures, surfaces, and techniques are at the forefront of research in different application areas, including corrosion and biofouling protection. A team of international experts provide a comprehensive view of the applications and potential of supramolecular chemistry in corrosion and biofouling prevention. Chapter topics include types and fundamentals of supramolecules, supramolecular polymers and gels, host-guest inclusion compounds, organic-inorganic hybrid materials, metallo-assemblies, cyclodextrins, crown ethers, mesoporous silica and supramolecular structures of graphene and other advances. Additional Features include: Focuses on different aspects of supramolecular chemistry in corrosion and biofouling prevention. Comprehensively covers supramolecular interactions that can provide better corrosion and biofouling protection. Provides the latest developments in self-healing coatings. Explores recent research advancements in the suggested area. Includes case studies specific to industries. The different supramolecular approaches being investigated to control corrosion and biofouling are gathered in one well-organized reference to serve senior undergraduate and graduate students, research students, engineers, and researchers in the fields of corrosion science & engineering, biofouling, and protective coatings.

CONTENTS - I. SURFACE PHENOMENA - II. ADSORPTION AT LIQUID/LIQUID INTERFACES - III. DILUTE EMULSIONS AS OIL HYDROSOLS - IV. EMULSIFYING AGENTS - V. PROPERTIES OF EMULSIONS - VI . THEORIES OF EMULSIONS - VII. DUAL EMULSIONS AND THE INVERSION OF PHASES - VIII. EMULSIONS IN BIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATIONS - IX. TECHNICAL EMULSIONS - X. POLYMERISATION IN EMULSIONS - XI. THE PREPARATION OF EMULSIONS-BASIC PRINCIPLES - XII. THE PREPARATION OF EMULSIONS-TECHNICAL OPERATIONS - XIII. DE-EMULSIFICATION - APPENDIX: PHYSICAL MEASUREMENTS IN EMULSIONS - AUTHOR INDEX - SUBJECT INDEX -

Focuses on blow room sequence of machines and its functioning. Discusses role of electronics in management of various controls. Reviews practical perspective of modern techniques used in processing cotton through blow room. Offers an exclusive chapter on modern blow room concept. Includes solved examples and exercises.

Process Integration Approaches to Planning Carbon Management Networks provides a comprehensive treatment of carbon emissions pinch analysis (CEPA), covering the fundamentals as well as more advanced variants based on mathematical programming. A significant portion of the book is dedicated to case studies that provide a range of examples to demonstrate how CEPA can be applied to practical energy planning problems. Selected chapters also include electronic supplements (e.g., spreadsheet templates and software code) to aid the reader in applying these methods to new sets of data. This book is ideal for academic researchers and graduate students interested in carbon-constrained energy planning models and applications. This book Provides essential information on CEPA and mathematical programming Gives illustrative examples and case studies drawn from contemporary climatic issues Covers state-of-the-art methodological developments Discusses about applications in various countries Offers additional support through supplementary spreadsheet templates and software code Professor Dominic Foo is a professor of process design and integration at the University of Nottingham Malaysia. He is a fellow of the Institution of Chemical Engineers, a fellow of the Academy of Science Malaysia, a chartered engineer with the UK Engineering Council, and a professional engineer with the Board of Engineers Malaysia. He works on process integration for resource conservation and CO2 reduction, with more than 400 published works. Prof. Foo is the co-editor-in-chief for Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability, subject editor for Process Safety & Environmental Protection, and an editorial board member for several other renowned journals. Raymond R. Tan is a professor of chemical engineering and university fellow at De La Salle University, Philippines. He is also a member of the National Academy of Science and Technology of the Philippines. His main areas of research are process systems engineering and process integration, where he has over 300 published works. Prof. Tan received his BS and MS degrees in chemical engineering and PhD in mechanical engineering from De La Salle University. He is also a co-editor-in-chief of Process Integration and Optimization for Sustainability, subject editor of Sustainable Production and Consumption, and an editorial board member of Clean Technologies and Environmental Policy.