CONTENTS - INTRODUCTION - CHAPTER I: HYDROCARBONS - Benzene; Toluene; Xylene; Ethylbenzene; Cumene; Tetrahydronaphthalene; Decahydronaphthalene; Methylated naphthalenes; Coal tar solvent naphtha; Petroleum spirit; Benzine; White spirit; cycloHexane; Methylcyclohexane; Turpentine; Dipentene; cycloPentadiene; Dicyclopentadiene - CHAPTER II: CHLORINATED HYDROCARBONS - Methylene dichloride; Chloroform; Carbon tetrachloride; sym.-Dichloroethane; Tetrachloroethane; Pentachloroethane; Dichloroethylene; Trichloroethylene; Perchloroethylene; Propylene dichloride; Amyl chloride; Amylene dichloride; Monochlorobenzene; o-Dichlorobenzene - CHAPTER III: ALCOHOLS - Methyl alcohol; Wood spirit; Ethyl alcohol; n-Propyl alcohol; isoPropyl alcohol; n-Butyl alcohol; sec.-Butyl alcohol; isoButyl alcohol; tert.- Butyl alcohol; Amyl alcohol; Methylisobutylcarbinol; cycloHexanol; Methylcyclohexallo; Allyl alcohol; Benzyl alcohol; Diacetone alcohol; Ethylene chlorohydrin; Monochlorohydrin; Dichlorohydrin - CHAPTER IV: ETHERS - Ethyl ether; betabeta' -Dichloroethyl ether; isoPropyl ether; Propylene oxide; Dioxan; Methylal; Acetal; Paraldehyde - CHAPTER V: ESTERS - Methyl formate; Ethyl formate; n-Butyl formate; Amyl formate; Benzyl formate; Methyl acetate; Ethyl acetate; n-Propyl acetate; isoPropyl acetate; n-Butyl acetate; sec.-Butyl acetate; isoButyl acetate; Amyl acetate; sec.- Hexyl acetate; cycloHexyl acetate; Methylcyclohexyl acetate; Butoxyl; Benzyl acetate; n-Butyl propionate; Amyl propionate; n-Butyl butyrate; Methyl benzoate; Ethyl benzoate; Ethyl lactate; Butyl lactate; Amyl lactate; Ethyl hydroxyisobutyrate; Diethyl carbonate; Dialkyl carbonates; Diethyl oxalate - CHAPTER VI: KETONES - Acetone; Methyl acetone; Acetone oils; Methyl ethyl ketone; Methyl isobutyl ketone; Mesityl oxide; cycloHexanone; Methylcyclohexanone; Isophorone - CHAPTER VII: GLYCOLS AND THEIR DERIVATIVES - Ethylene glycol; Ethylene glycol mono-methyl ether; Ethylene glycol monoethyl ether; Ethylene glycol monoethylether monoacetate; Ethylene glycol diethyl ether; Ethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether; Ethylene glycol monoacetate; Ethylene glycol diacetate; Diethylene glycol mono ethyl ether; Diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether; Diethylene glycol monoacetate; Dipropylene glycol - CHAPTER VIII: AMINES AND COAL TAR BASES - cycloHexylamine; Dicyclohexylamine; Ethanolamines; Pyridine; Picoline - CHAPTER IX: NITRO-COMPOUNDS - Nitromethane; Nitropropanes; Nitrobutanes; Nitrobenzene - CHAPTER X: MISCELLANEOUS COMPOUNDS - Carbon disulphide; Acetic acid; Acetic anhydride; Cresols; Dimethyl sulphate; Silicones and silane intermediates -

This book is a teaching aid as well as a practical guide for soil analysts. It is the result of twenty years of experience and study and analysis of soils. It is equally useful to the undergraduate, post-graduate student of soil sciences as well as for the research professional in the soil laboratory.

"Nanotechnology" isa broad term that includes aspects of materials science, mesoscopicphysics, organicandinorganicchemistry, na- electronics, atmosphericchemistry, airpollution, and other?elds. The technology is very muchincurrent focus-at the beginning of the Third Millennium-and raises hopes for environmentally benign, resource-lean manufacturing of products of manykinds. One precursor to present-day nanotechnology used porous coatings, comprised of "ultra?ne" particles withdimensions inthe nanometer range, for absorption of thermal radiation on thermocouples, bolometers, and the like. These particles were prepared by gas-phase syntheses, speci?cally using species formed by nucleation andgrowth from a metalvapor - dergoing coolingby collisions withinert gas molecules. Such "inert gas evaporation" was explored inthe 1920s and 1930s see, for example, A.H. Pfund, Phys. Rev. 35 (1930) 1434]andwas investigated in moredetail in the 1960s and 1970s see, for example, K. Kimoto et al., Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 2 (1963) 702; C.G. Granqvist and R.A. Buhrman, J. Appl. Phys.47 (1976) 2200]. Improved analytical capabilities(electron microscopy)as well as new applications (selective absorption of solar energy) were twoofthe r- sons for the renewed interest. Today, gas-phase synthesis of nanoparticles constitutesthe foundation for a pro?table butstill small industry. Aerosols, i.e., dispersions or suspensions of particles ina gas, form the background ?eld for contemporaryefforts in gas-phase nanotechnology. Interest inaerosol researchhistorically arose from the issues of atmospheric chemistry and physics, human health protection, and airpollution. Today, aerosol researchengagesa vast array of efforts inthese and related ?elds, andelsewherein work identi?ed as nanotechnology.

There exists great hope throughout the scientific community for the application of nanotechnologies to solve myriad technological and societal problems. Nanomaterials and nanoparticles exhibit unique properties which are now being explored for potential uses, as well as hazards. In September 2005 a NATO Advanced Research Workshop convened in Kiev to discuss the current state of the art in surface chemistry and nanomaterials research, with a view towards biomedical and environmental applications. This volume represents the fine work presented at this workshop, consisting of a unique mixture of reviews as well as primary research articles from leading laboratories in Eastern and Western Europe as well as the US.

A common theme throughout much of this volume involves adsorption and interfacial behavior of nanomaterials including core-shell particles, nanoparticles derived from oxides, mixed oxides, carbon, carbon/oxide hybrids, functionalized nanoparticles, polymeric biomaterials, and more. The behavior and design of these nanomaterials for adsorption (or sometimes the lack thereof) of toxins, pollutants, narcotics, warfare agents and various biomolecules are studied with a mix of experimental and theoretical approaches. This volume holds a special niche in describing the current state of the art in the fundamentals and applications of a variety of nanomaterials.

This title is Volume 1 of a 2 Volume set. - Contents - Introduction - Abbreviations - PART 1. NATURAL WAXES - 1. PARAFFIN WAX - Occurrence in Nature - Composition of Petroleum - Grades of Paraffin Wax - Manufacture of Paraffin Waxes - Composition of Paraffin Waxes - Properties of Paraffin Waxes - Wax-Oil Mixtures - Miscellaneous Data - Physical Properties of Some Commercial Waxes - 2. MICROCRYSTALLINE WAXES - Differences Between Microcrystalline and Paraffin Waxes - Fractional Crystallization of Petroleum Waxes - Properties of Microcrystalline Waxes - Oxidized Microcrystalline Waxes - Petrolatum - Uses of Microcrystalline Waxes - Miscellaneous Data - Properties of Some Commercial Microcrystalline Waxes - 3. OTHER MINERAL WAXES - Montan Wax - Lignite Wax - Ozocerite - Ceresin - Utah Wax - Peat Wax - 4. VEGETABLE WAXES - Bayberry - Candelilla - Carnauba - Cotton - Esparto - Fir - Japan - Ouricury - Palm - Rice-Oil - Sugar Cane - Ucuhuba - Cocoa Butter - 5. ANIMAL WAXES - Beeswax - Chinese Wax - Shellac Wax - Spermaceti - Wool Wax - PART 2. : SYNTHETIC WAXES 6. FATTY ALCOHOLS AND ACID - Cetyl Alcohol - Lanette Wax - Stearyl Alcohol - Stearic Acid - Palmitic Acid - Myristic Acid - 7. FATTY ACID ESTERS AND GLYCERIDES - Glyceryl Stearates - Glycol Fatty-Acid Stearates - Sorbitol Stearates - Polyethylene Glycol Stearates - Properties of Selected Commercial Products - 8. HYDROGENATED OILS - Properties of Selected Commercial Products - 9. KETONES, AMINES, AMIDES - Stearone, Laurone - Aliphatic Amines - Aliphatic Amides - Properties of Some Commercial Products - 10. CHLORONAPHTHALENES - 11. SYNTHETIC MINERAL WAXES - Fisher-Tropsch Waxes - Duroxon Waxes - 12. SYNTHETIC ANIMAL WAXES - Synthetic Beeswax - Modified Spermaceti Waxes - Modified Lanolin Waxes - 13. MISCELLANEOUS SYNTHETIC WAXES - Oxazoline - Experimental Waxes -

This book serves to highlight the seamless integration of the sciences leading to sustainable technologies. Chemical engineering is one of the major disciplines catering to the societal needs in the fields of energy, environment and materials. The chapters of this book have been selected to encompass the latest in industrial biotechnology and biochemical engineering principles and applications. The chapters are included here after careful review for content and depth. The book focuses on the relatively new areas of molecular biotechnology and nanotechnology which have a strong impact at the fundamental and process levels in chemical engineering. The book also covers analytical procedures, experimental techniques and process analysis in bioprocessing, bioremediation, green separation methods, and emerging nanoparticle applications. It should be useful to students, academicians, and practitioners alike.

Provides a fundamental understanding of lubricants and lubricant technology including emerging lubricants such as synthetic and environmentally friendly lubricants Teaches the reader to understand the role of technology involved in the manufacture of lubricants Details both major industrial oils and automotive oils for various engines Covers emerging lubricant technology such as synthetic and environmentally friendly lubricants Discusses lubricant blending technology, storage, re-refining and condition monitoring of lubricant in equipment

Master Process Control Hands On, through Updated Practical Examples and MATLAB® Simulations Process Control: Modeling, Design, and Simulation, Second Edition, is a complete introduction to process control and has been fully updated, integrating current software tools to enable professionals and students to master critical techniques hands on through simulations based on modern versions of MATLAB. This revised edition teaches the field's most important techniques, behaviors, and control problems with even more practical examples and exercises. Wide-ranging enhancements include safety considerations, an expanded discussion of digital control, additional process examples, and updates throughout for newer versions of MATLAB and SIMULINK. Fundamentals of process control and instrumentation, including objectives, variables, block diagrams, and process flowsheets Methodologies for developing dynamic models of chemical processes, including compartmental models Dynamic behavior of linear systems: state-space models, transfer function-based models (including conversion to state space), and more Empirical and discrete-time models, including relationships among types of discrete models Feedback control; proportional, integral, and derivative (PID) controllers; and closed-loop stability analysis Frequency response analysis techniques for evaluating the robustness of control systems Improving control loop performance: internal model control (IMC), automatic tuning, gain scheduling, and enhanced disturbance rejection Split-range, selective, and override strategies for switching among inputs or outputs Control loop interactions and multivariable controllers An introduction to model predictive control (MPC), with a new discrete state-space model derivation exercise Bequette walks step by step through developing control instrumentation diagrams for an entire chemical process, reviewing common control strategies for individual unit operations, then discussing strategies for integrated systems. This edition also includes 16 learning modules demonstrating how to use MATLAB and SIMULINK to solve many key control problems, including new modules on process monitoring and safety, as well as a detailed new study of artificial pancreas systems for Type 1 diabetes. Register your book for convenient access to downloads, updates, and/or corrections as they become available. See inside book for details.

Advanced Biofuel Technologies: Present Status, Challenges and Future Prospects deals with important issues such as feed stock availability, technology options, greenhouse gas reduction as seen by life cycle assessment studies, regulations and policies. This book provides readers complete information on the current state of developments in both thermochemical and biochemical processes for advanced biofuels production for the purpose of transportation, domestic and industrial applications. Chapters explore technological innovations in advanced biofuels produced from agricultural residues, algae, lipids and waste industrial gases to produce road transport fuels, biojet fuel and biogas.

In the years following the publication of Magnetic Methods for the Treatment of Minerals by Elsevier in 1987, many changes have taken place in magnetic technology. While fundamental and thorough, the above treatise re?ected pr- erences and philosophy of research and the development and application of magnetic methods as they were practiced in the second half of the last c- tury. Although demand for metals and minerals has not diminished, the d- inant drivers of the early 21st century di er signi?cantly from those of the late 20th. The priorities of nuclear power, defence, and energy-demanding and waste-generating bene?ciation of mineral resources are being replaced by those associated with technology sustainability, environmental and knowledge m- agement, recycling, and health care. Research priorities and product devel- ment of the last century cannot, therefore, satisfactorily meet criteria of the 21st century. Considerable technological progress has been achieved in areas such as - tomation, computerization, sustainable material science, laboratory and plant practices and separation equipment. New permanent magnetic materials, - vances in practical applications of superconductivity and availability of soph- ticated modelling tools have changed the technological landscape. As a result, innovation and technology transfer in magnetic technology have been rema- ably successful during the last two decades. The title of this monograph re?ects the fact that the book covers not only the application of magnetic techniques in the minerals industry, but also in recycling, environmental engineering and biomedical sciences.

This volume contains an archival record of the NATO Advanced Study Institute on Microfluidics Based Microsystems - Fundamentals and App- cations held in Ce ?me-Izmir, Turkey, August 23-September 4, 2009. ASIs are intended to be high-level teaching activity in scientific and technical areas of current concern. In this volume, the reader may find interesting chapters and various microsystems fundamentals and applications. As the world becomes increasingly concerned with terrorism, early - spot detection of terrorist's weapons, particularly bio-weapons agents such as bacteria and viruses are extremely important. NATO Public Diplomacy division, Science for Peace and Security section support research, Advanced Study Institutes and workshops related to security. Keeping this policy of NATO in mind, we made such a proposal on Microsystems for security. We are very happy that leading experts agreed to come and lecture in this important NATO ASI. We will see many examples that will show us Microfluidics usefulness for rapid diagnostics following a bioterrorism attack. For the applications in national security and anti-terrorism, microfluidic system technology must meet the challenges. To develop microsystems for security and to provide a comprehensive state-of-the-art assessment of the existing research and applications by treating the subject in considerable depth through lectures from eminent professionals in the field, through discussions and panel sessions are very beneficial for young scientists in the field."

An examination of systematic techniques for the design of sustainable processes and products, this book covers reducing energy consumption, preventing pollution, developing new pathways for biofuels, and producing environmentally friendly and high-quality products. It discusses innovative design approaches and technological pathways that impact energy and environmental issues of new and existing processes. Highlights include design for sustainability and energy efficiency, emerging technologies and processes for energy and the environment, design of biofuels, biological processes and biorefineries, energy systems design and alternative energy sources, multi-scale systems uncertain and complex systems, and product design.