This book discusses the advantages and challenges of Body-Biasing for integrated circuits and systems, together with the deployment of the design infrastructure needed to generate this Body-Bias voltage. These new design solutions enable state of the art energy efficiency and system flexibility for the latest applications, such as Internet of Things and 5G communications.

An expert guide to understanding and making optimum use of BSIM

Used by more chip designers worldwide than any other comparable model, the Berkeley Short-Channel IGFET Model (BSIM) has, over the past few years, established itself as the de facto standard MOSFET SPICE model for circuit simulation and CMOS technology development. Yet, until now, there have been no independent expert guides or tutorials to supplement the various BSIM manuals currently available. Written by a noted expert in the field, this book fills that gap in the literature by providing a comprehensive guide to understanding and making optimal use of BSIM3 and BSIM4.

Drawing upon his extensive experience designing with BSIM, William Liu provides a brief history of the model, discusses the various advantages of BSIM over other models, and explores the reasons why BSIM3 has been adopted by the majority of circuit manufacturers. He then provides engineers with the detailed practical information and guidance they need to master all of BSIM’s features. He:

• Summarizes key BSIM3 components
• Represents the BSIM3 model with equivalent circuits for various operating conditions
• Provides a comprehensive glossary of modeling terminology
• Lists alphabetically BSIM3 parameters along with their meanings and relevant equations
• Explores BSIM3’s flaws and provides improvement suggestions
• Describes all of BSIM4’s improvements and new features

Computer vision falls short of human vision in two respects: execution time and intelligent interpretation. This book addresses the question of execution time. It is based on a workshop on specialized processors for real-time image analysis, held as part of the activities of an ESPRIT Basic Research Action, the Working Group on Vision. The aim of the book is to examine the state of the art in vision-oriented computers. Two approaches are distinguished: multiprocessor systems and fine-grain massively parallel computers. The development of fine-grain machines has become more important over the last decade, but one of the main conclusions of the workshop is that this does not imply the replacement of multiprocessor machines. The book is divided into four parts. Part 1 introduces different architectures for vision: associative and pyramid processors as examples of fine-grain machines and a workstation with bus-oriented network topology as an example of a multiprocessor system. Parts 2 and 3 deal with the design and development of dedicated and specialized architectures. Part 4 is mainly devoted to applications, including road segmentation, mobile robot guidance and navigation, reconstruction and identification of 3D objects, and motion estimation.

Tackles a topic in a concise and accessible way that most believe too advanced to pick up easily. Author has over 40 years teaching and industry experience which they utilize in this book. Contains an appendix with extended code and examples of topics discussed in text.

This excellent reference for all those involved in neural networks research and application presents, in a single text, the necessary aspects of parallel implementation for all major artificial neural network models. The book details implementations on varoius processor architectures (ring, torus, etc.) built on different hardware platforms, ranging from large general purpose parallel computers to custom built MIMD machines using transputers and DSPs.
Experts who performed the implementations author the chapters and research results are covered in each chapter. These results are divided into three parts.
Theoretical analysis of parallel implementation schemes on MIMD message passing machines.
Details of parallel implementation of BP neural networks on a general purpose, large, parallel computer.
Four chapters each describing a specific purpose parallel neural computer configuration.
This book is aimed at graduate students and researchers working in artificial neural networks and parallel computing. Graduate level educators can use it to illustrate the methods of parallel computing for ANN simulation. The text is an ideal reference providing lucid mathematical analyses for practitioners in the field.

This book describes how we can design and make efficient processors for high-performance computing, AI, and data science. Although there are many textbooks on the design of processors we do not have a widely accepted definition of the efficiency of a general-purpose computer architecture. Without a definition of the efficiency, it is difficult to make scientific approach to the processor design. In this book, a clear definition of efficiency is given and thus a scientific approach for processor design is made possible. In chapter 2, the history of the development of high-performance processor is overviewed, to discuss what quantity we can use to measure the efficiency of these processors. The proposed quantity is the ratio between the minimum possible energy consumption and the actual energy consumption for a given application using a given semiconductor technology. In chapter 3, whether or not this quantity can be used in practice is discussed, for many real-world applications. In chapter 4, general-purpose processors in the past and present are discussed from this viewpoint. In chapter 5, how we can actually design processors with near-optimal efficiencies is described, and in chapter 6 how we can program such processors. This book gives a new way to look at the field of the design of high-performance processors.

This book explores C-based design, implementation, and analysis of post-quantum cryptography (PQC) algorithms for signature generation and verification. The authors investigate NIST round 2 PQC algorithms for signature generation and signature verification from a hardware implementation perspective, especially focusing on C-based design, power-performance-area-security (PPAS) trade-offs and design flows targeting FPGAs and ASICs. Describes a comprehensive set of synthesizable c code base as well as the hardware implementations for the different types of PQC algorithms including lattice-based, code-based, and multivariate-based; Demonstrates the hardware (FPGA and ASIC) and hardware-software optimizations and trade-offs of the NIST round 2 signature-based PQC algorithms; Enables designers to build hardware implementations that are resilient to a variety of side-channels.

This book describes a wide variety of System-on-Chip (SoC) security threats and vulnerabilities, as well as their sources, in each stage of a design life cycle. The authors discuss a wide variety of state-of-the-art security verification and validation approaches such as formal methods and side-channel analysis, as well as simulation-based security and trust validation approaches. This book provides a comprehensive reference for system on chip designers and verification and validation engineers interested in verifying security and trust of heterogeneous SoCs.

SRv6 Network Programming, beginning with the challenges for Internet Protocol version 6 (IPv6) network development, describes the background, roadmap design, and implementation of Segment Routing over IPv6 (SRv6), as well as the application of this technology in traditional and emerging services. The book begins with the development of IP technologies by focusing on the problems encountered during MPLS and IPv6 network development, giving readers insights into the problems tackled by SRv6 and the value of SRv6. It then goes on to explain SRv6 fundamentals, including SRv6 packet header design, the packet forwarding process, protocol extensions such as Interior Gateway Protocol (IGP), Border Gateway Protocol (BGP), and Path Computation Element Protocol (PCEP) extensions, and how SRv6 supports existing traffic engineering (TE), virtual private networks (VPN), and reliability requirements. Next, SRv6 network deployment is introduced, covering the evolution paths from existing networks to SRv6 networks, SRv6 network deployment processes, involved O&M technologies, and emerging 5G and cloud services supported by SRv6. Bit Index Explicit Replication IPv6 encapsulation (BIERv6), an SRv6 multicast technology, is then introduced as an important supplement to SRv6 unicast technology. The book concludes with a summary of the current status of the SRv6 industry and provides an outlook for new SRv6-based technologies. SRv6 Network Programming: Ushering in a New Era of IP Networks collects the research results of Huawei SRv6 experts and reflects the latest development direction of SRv6. With rich, clear, practical, and easy-to-understand content, the volume is intended for network planning engineers, technical support engineers and network administrators who need a grasp of the most cutting-edge IP network technology. It is also intended for communications network researchers in scientific research institutions and universities. Authors: Zhenbin Li is the Chief Protocol Expert of Huawei and member of the IETF IAB, responsible for IP protocol research and standards promotion at Huawei. Zhibo Hu is a Senior Huawei Expert in SR and IGP, responsible for SR and IGP planning and innovation. Cheng Li is a Huawei Senior Pre-research Engineer and IP standards representative, responsible for Huawei's SRv6 research and standardization.

This book describes research performed in the context of trust/distrust propagation and aggregation, and their use in recommender systems. This is a hot research topic with important implications for various application areas. The main innovative contributions of the work are: -new bilattice-based model for trust and distrust, allowing for ignorance and inconsistency -proposals for various propagation and aggregation operators, including the analysis of mathematical properties -Evaluation of these operators on real data, including a discussion on the data sets and their characteristics. -A novel approach for identifying controversial items in a recommender system -An analysis on the utility of including distrust in recommender systems -Various approaches for trust based recommendations (a.o. base on collaborative filtering), an in depth experimental analysis, and proposal for a hybrid approach -Analysis of various user types in recommender systems to optimize bootstrapping of cold start users.

Highlights developments, discoveries, and practical and advanced experiences related to responsive distributed computing and how it can support the deployment of trajectory-based applications in intelligent systems. Presents metamodeling with new trajectories patterns which are very useful for intelligent transportation systems. Examines the processing aspects of raw trajectories to develop other types of semantic and activity-type and space-time path type trajectories. Discusses Complex Event Processing (CEP), Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Vehicle (IoV), V2X communication, Big Data Analytics, distributed processing frameworks, and Cloud Computing. Presents a number of case studies to demonstrate smart trajectories related to spatio-temporal events such as traffic congestion, viral contamination, and pedestrian accidents.

"Modeling Enterprise Architecture with TOGAF" explains everything you need to know to effectively model enterprise architecture with The Open Group Architecture Framework (TOGAF), the leading EA standard. This solution-focused reference presents key techniques and illustrative examples to help you model enterprise architecture.

This book describes the TOGAF standard and its structure, from the architecture transformation method to governance, and presents enterprise architecture modeling practices with plenty of examples of TOGAF deliverables in the context of a case study.

Although widespread and growing quickly, enterprise architecture is delicate to manage across all its dimensions. Focusing on the architecture transformation method, TOGAF provides a wide framework, which covers the repository, governance, and a set of recognized best practices. The examples featured in this book were realized using the open source Modelio tool, which includes extensions for TOGAF.
Includes intuitive summaries of the complex TOGAF standard to let you effectively model enterprise architectureUses practical examples to illustrate ways to adapt TOGAF to the needs of your enterprise Provides model examples with Modelio, a free modeling tool, letting you exercise TOGAF modeling immediately using a dedicated tool Combines existing modeling standards with TOGAF

This book describes a set of SystemC-based virtual prototype analysis methodologies, including design understanding, verification, security validation, and design space exploration. Readers will gain an overview of the latest research results in the field of Electronic Design Automation (EDA) at the Electronic System Level (ESL). The methodologies discussed enable readers to tackle easily key tasks and applications in the design process.

This book presents novel hybrid encryption algorithms that possess many different characteristics. In particular, "Hybrid Encryption Algorithms over Wireless Communication Channels", examines encrypted image and video data for the purpose of secure wireless communications. A study of two different families of encryption schemes are introduced: namely, permutation-based and diffusion-based schemes. The objective of the book is to help the reader selecting the best suited scheme for the transmission of encrypted images and videos over wireless communications channels, with the aid of encryption and decryption quality metrics. This is achieved by applying number-theory based encryption algorithms, such as chaotic theory with different modes of operations, the Advanced Encryption Standard (AES), and the RC6 in a pre-processing step in order to achieve the required permutation and diffusion. The Rubik's cube is used afterwards in order to maximize the number of permutations. Transmission of images and videos is vital in today's communications systems. Hence, an effective encryption and modulation schemes are a must. The author adopts Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM), as the multicarrier transmission choice for wideband communications. For completeness, the author addresses the sensitivity of the encrypted data to the wireless channel impairments, and the effect of channel equalization on the received images and videos quality. Complete simulation experiments with MATLAB (R) codes are included. The book will help the reader obtain the required understanding for selecting the suitable encryption method that best fulfills the application requirements.

This textbook for a one-semester course in Electrical Circuit Theory is written to be concise, understandable, and applicable. Matlab is used throughout, for coding the programs and simulation of the circuits. Every new concept is illustrated with numerous examples and figures, in order to facilitate learning. The simple and clear style of presentation, along with comprehensive coverage, enables students to gain a solid foundation in the subject, along with the ability to apply techniques to real circuit analysis. Written to be accessible to students of varying backgrounds, this textbook presents the analysis of realistic, working circuits Presents concepts in a clear, concise and comprehensive manner, such as the difficult problem of setting up the equilibrium equations of circuits using a systematic approach in a few distinct steps Includes worked examples of functioning circuits, throughout every chapter, with an emphasis on real applications Includes numerous exercises at the end of each chapter Provides program scripts and circuit simulations, using the popular and widely used Matlab software, as supplementary material online

Unique selling point: * Brings together insights on various fields, and how IoT and AI combined can help bring about sustainable living Core audience: * Researchers and academics - worldwide applicability Place in the market: * Gives a more comprehensive overview of the potential applications of IoT and AI for sustainability than other books on the market

Intelligent Vehicular Network and Communications: Fundamentals, Architectures and Solutions begins with discussions on how the transportation system has transformed into today's Intelligent Transportation System (ITS). It explores the design goals, challenges, and frameworks for modeling an ITS network, discussing vehicular network model technologies, mobility management architectures, and routing mechanisms and protocols. It looks at the Internet of Vehicles, the vehicular cloud, and vehicular network security and privacy issues. The book investigates cooperative vehicular systems, a promising solution for addressing current and future traffic safety needs, also exploring cooperative cognitive intelligence, with special attention to spectral efficiency, spectral scarcity, and high mobility. In addition, users will find a thorough examination of experimental work in such areas as Controller Area Network protocol and working function of On Board Unit, as well as working principles of roadside unit and other infrastructural nodes. Finally, the book examines big data in vehicular networks, exploring various business models, application scenarios, and real-time analytics, concluding with a look at autonomous vehicles.

This book provides comprehensive coverage of state-of-the-art integrated circuit authentication techniques, including technologies, protocols and emerging applications. The authors first discuss emerging solutions for embedding unforgeable identifies into electronics devices, using techniques such as IC fingerprinting, physically unclonable functions and voltage-over-scaling. Coverage then turns to authentications protocols, with a special focus on resource-constrained devices, first giving an overview of the limitation of existing solutions and then presenting a number of new protocols, which provide better physical security and lower energy dissipation. The third part of the book focuses on emerging security applications for authentication schemes, including securing hardware supply chains, hardware-based device attestation and GPS spoofing attack detection and survival. Provides deep insight into the security threats undermining existing integrated circuit authentication techniques; Includes an in-depth discussion of the emerging technologies used to embed unforgeable identifies into electronics systems; Offers a comprehensive summary of existing authentication protocols and their limitations; Describes state-of-the-art authentication protocols that provide better physical security and more efficient energy consumption; Includes detailed case studies on the emerging applications of IC authentication schemes.

This book brings together a selection of the best papers from the twenty-first edition of the Forum on specification and Design Languages Conference (FDL), which took place on September 10-12, 2018, in Munich, Germany. FDL is a well-established international forum devoted to dissemination of research results, practical experiences and new ideas in the application of specification, design and verification languages to the design, modeling and verification of integrated circuits, complex hardware/software embedded systems, and mixed-technology systems. Covers Assertion Based Design, Verification & Debug; Includes language-based modeling and design techniques for embedded systems; Covers design, modeling and verification of mixed physical domain and mixed signal systems that include significant analog parts in electrical and non-electrical domains; Includes formal and semi-formal system level design methods for complex embedded systems based on the Unified Modelling Language (UML) and Model Driven Engineering (MDE).

Dependable Network Computing provides insights into various problems facing millions of global users resulting from the internet revolution'. It covers real-time problems involving software, servers, and large-scale storage systems with adaptive fault-tolerant routing and dynamic reconfiguration techniques. Also included is material on routing protocols, QoS, and dead- and live-lock free related issues. All chapters are written by leading specialists in their respective fields. Dependable Network Computing provides useful information for scientists, researchers, and application developers building networks based on commercially off-the-shelf components.

This book presents MOSFET-based current mode logic (CML) topologies, which increase the speed, and lower the transistor count, supply voltage and power consumption. The improved topologies modify the conventional PDN, load, and the current source sections of the basic CML gates. Electronic system implementation involves embedding digital and analog circuits on a single die shifting towards mixed-mode circuit design. The high-resolution, low-power and low-voltage analog circuits are combined with high-frequency complex digital circuits, and the conventional static CMOS logic generates large current spikes during the switching (also referred to as digital switching noise), which degrade the resolution of the sensitive analog circuits via supply line and substrate coupling. This problem is exacerbated further with scaling down of CMOS technology due to higher integration levels and operating frequencies. In the literature, several methods are described to reduce the propagation of the digital switching noise. However, in high-resolution applications, these methods are not sufficient. The conventional CMOS static logic is no longer an effective solution, and therefore an alternative with reduced current spikes or that draws a constant supply current must be selected. The current mode logic (CML) topology, with its unique property of requiring constant supply current, is a promising alternative to the conventional CMOS static logic.

This book provides an introduction to decision making in a distributed computational framework. Classical detection theory assumes a centralized configuration. All observations are processed by a central processor to produce the decision. In the decentralized detection system, distributed detectors generate decisions based on locally available observations; these decisions are then conveyed to the fusion center that makes the global decision. Using numerous examples throughout the book, the author discusses such distributed detection processes under several different formulations and in a wide variety of network topologies.

Topics covered include: elements of detection theory; distributed Bayesian detection in parallel fusion networks and in other network topologies; distributed detection with false-alarm rate constraints; distributed sequential detection; and information theory and distributed hypotheses testing.

By providing a unified treatment of the recent advances, this book should prove valuable not only to researchers active in the field, but also to graduate students and others embarking on research in detection, signal processing, and statistical decision theory.

A decade ago, the corporate world viewed grid computing as a curiosity. Today, it views it as an opportunity--a chance to reduce costs, improve performance, fund new projects, and take advantage of under-utilized capacity. The engineering behind this transformation has been amply documented. Until now, however, little has been written to prepare managers, executives, and other decision-makers to implement grid computing in a sensible and effective way.
Grid Computing: The Savvy Manager's Guide examines the technology from a rigorous business perspective, equipping you with the practical knowledge you need to assess your options and determine what grid computing approach is right for your enterprise. This book is heavy on real-world experience, distilling from a rich assortment of case studies the best practices currently at work in a variety of industries. Always attentive to grid computing s many competitive advantages, it is also realistic about the challenges of selling the idea to staff and making it a part of your company s culture.
Grid Computing has an Online Companion at www.savvygrid.com with contents, details, community forum, and latest updates for the material.
* Sketches the history of grid computing, showing how it made the leap from academia to business.
* Examines the criteria you'll need to meet to make your network "grid-enabled."
* Explains how a grid-based solution can be made to meet key organizational requirements, including security, scheduling, data storage, and fault-tolerance.
* Surveys the approaches currently available and helps you choose the one that will best meet your needs, both now and in the future.
* Focuses heavily on the competitive advantages you can reap from grid computing, and provides advice on convincing your organization to adopt grid computing and making a successful transition."

This book addresses dynamic modelling methodology and analyses of tree-type robotic systems. Such analyses are required to visualize the motion of a system without really building it. The book contains novel treatment of the tree-type systems using concept of kinematic modules and the corresponding Decoupled Natural Orthogonal Complements (DeNOC), unified representation of the multiple-degrees-of freedom-joints, efficient recursive dynamics algorithms, and detailed dynamic analyses of several legged robots. The book will help graduate students, researchers and practicing engineers in applying their knowledge of dynamics for analysis of complex robotic systems. The knowledge contained in the book will help one in virtual testing of robot operation, trajectory planning and control.