With the fast pace of change in today's business environment, the need to transform organizations into agile enterprises that can respond quickly to change has never been greater. Methods and computer technologies are needed to enable rapid business and system change, and this practical book shows professionals how to achieve this agility. The solution lies in Enterprise Integration (both business and technology integration). For business integration, the book explains how to use enterprise architecture methods to integrate data, processes, locations, people, events and business plans throughout an organization.

The book covers a range of topics dealing with emerging computing technologies which are being developed in response to challenges faced due to scaling CMOS technologies. It provides a sneak peek into the capabilities unleashed by these technologies across the complete system stack, with contributions by experts discussing device technology, circuit, architecture and design automation flows. Presenting a gradual progression of the individual sub-domains and the open research and adoption challenges, this book will be of interest to industry and academic researchers, technocrats and policymakers. Chapters "Innovative Memory Architectures Using Functionality Enhanced Devices" and "Intelligent Edge Biomedical Sensors in the Internet of Things (IoT) Era" are available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

This book discusses the implementation of digital circuits by using MCML gates. Although digital circuit implementation is possible with other elements, such as CMOS gates, MCML implementations can provide superior performance in certain applications. This book provides a complete automation methodology for the implementation of digital circuits in MCML and provides an extensive explanation on the technical details of design of MCML. A systematic methodology is presented to build efficient MCML standard-cell libraries, and a complete top-down design flow is shown to implement complex systems using such building blocks.

This book provides an in-depth overview of artificial intelligence and deep learning approaches with case studies to solve problems associated with biometric security such as authentication, indexing, template protection, spoofing attack detection, ROI detection, gender classification etc. This text highlights a showcase of cutting-edge research on the use of convolution neural networks, autoencoders, recurrent convolutional neural networks in face, hand, iris, gait, fingerprint, vein, and medical biometric traits. It also provides a step-by-step guide to understanding deep learning concepts for biometrics authentication approaches and presents an analysis of biometric images under various environmental conditions. This book is sure to catch the attention of scholars, researchers, practitioners, and technology aspirants who are willing to research in the field of AI and biometric security.

Grounded in the user-centered design movement, this book offers a broad consideration of how our civilization has evolved its technical infrastructure for human purpose to help us make sense of the contemporary world of information infrastructure and online existence. The author incorporates historical, cultural and aesthetic approaches to situating information and its underlying technologies across time in the collective, lived experiences of humanity. In today's digital information world, user experience is vital to the success of any product or service. Yet as the user population expands to include us all, designing for people who vary in skills, abilities, preferences and backgrounds is challenging. This book provides an integrated understanding of users, and the methods that have evolved to identify usability challenges, that can facilitate cohesive and earlier solutions. The book treats information creation and use as a core human behavior based on acts of representation and recording that humans have always practiced. It suggests that the traditional ways of studying information use, with their origins in the distinct layers of social science theories and models is limiting our understanding of what it means to be an information user and hampers our efforts at being truly user-centric in design. Instead, the book offers a way of integrating the knowledge base to support a richer view of use and users in design education and evaluation. Understanding Users is aimed at those studying or practicing user-centered design and anyone interested in learning how people might be better integrated in the design of new technologies to augment human capabilities and experiences.

High Performance Computational Methods for Biological Sequence Analysis presents biological sequence analysis using an interdisciplinary approach that integrates biological, mathematical and computational concepts. These concepts are presented so that computer scientists and biomedical scientists can obtain the necessary background for developing better algorithms and applying parallel computational methods. This book will enable both groups to develop the depth of knowledge needed to work in this interdisciplinary field. This work focuses on high performance computational approaches that are used to perform computationally intensive biological sequence analysis tasks: pairwise sequence comparison, multiple sequence alignment, and sequence similarity searching in large databases. These computational methods are becoming increasingly important to the molecular biology community allowing researchers to explore the increasingly large amounts of sequence data generated by the Human Genome Project and other related biological projects. The approaches presented by the authors are state-of-the-art and show how to reduce analysis times significantly, sometimes from days to minutes. High Performance Computational Methods for Biological Sequence Analysis is tremendously important to biomedical science students and researchers who are interested in applying sequence analyses to their studies, and to computational science students and researchers who are interested in applying new computational approaches to biological sequence analyses.

The advent of very large scale integrated circuit technology has enabled the construction of very complex and large interconnection networks. By most accounts, the next generation of supercomputers will achieve its gains by increasing the number of processing elements, rather than by using faster processors. The most difficult technical problem in constructing a supercom puter will be the design of the interconnection network through which the processors communicate. Selecting an appropriate and adequate topological structure of interconnection networks will become a critical issue, on which many research efforts have been made over the past decade. The book is aimed to attract the readers' attention to such an important research area. Graph theory is a fundamental and powerful mathematical tool for de signing and analyzing interconnection networks, since the topological struc ture of an interconnection network is a graph. This fact has been univer sally accepted by computer scientists and engineers. This book provides the most basic problems, concepts and well-established results on the topological structure and analysis of interconnection networks in the language of graph theory. The material originates from a vast amount of literature, but the theory presented is developed carefully and skillfully. The treatment is gen erally self-contained, and most stated results are proved. No exercises are explicitly exhibited, but there are some stated results whose proofs are left to the reader to consolidate his understanding of the material."

Efficient parallel solutions have been found to many problems. Some of them can be obtained automatically from sequential programs, using compilers. However, there is a large class of problems - irregular problems - that lack efficient solutions. IRREGULAR 94 - a workshop and summer school organized in Geneva - addressed the problems associated with the derivation of efficient solutions to irregular problems. This book, which is based on the workshop, draws on the contributions of outstanding scientists to present the state of the art in irregular problems, covering aspects ranging from scientific computing, discrete optimization, and automatic extraction of parallelism. Audience: This first book on parallel algorithms for irregular problems is of interest to advanced graduate students and researchers in parallel computer science.

In Symbolic Analysis for Parallelizing Compilers the author presents an excellent demonstration of the effectiveness of symbolic analysis in tackling important optimization problems, some of which inhibit loop parallelization. The framework that Haghighat presents has proved extremely successful in induction and wraparound variable analysis, strength reduction, dead code elimination and symbolic constant propagation. The approach can be applied to any program transformation or optimization problem that uses properties and value ranges of program names. Symbolic analysis can be used on any transformational system or optimization problem that relies on compile-time information about program variables. This covers the majority of, if not all optimization and parallelization techniques. The book makes a compelling case for the potential of symbolic analysis, applying it for the first time - and with remarkable results - to a number of classical optimization problems: loop scheduling, static timing or size analysis, and dependence analysis. It demonstrates how symbolic analysis can solve these problems faster and more accurately than existing hybrid techniques.

This book provides an introduction to digital storage for consumer electronics. It discusses the various types of digital storage, including emerging non-volatile solid-state storage technologies and their advantages and disadvantages. It discusses the best practices for selecting, integrating, and using storage devices for various applications. It explores the networking of devices into an overall organization that results in always-available home storage combined with digital storage in the cloud to create an infrastructure to support emerging consumer applications and the Internet of Things. It also looks at the role of digital storage devices in creating security and privacy in consumer products.

Fault-Tolerant Parallel Computation presents recent advances in algorithmic ways of introducing fault-tolerance in multiprocessors under the constraint of preserving efficiency. The difficulty associated with combining fault-tolerance and efficiency is that the two have conflicting means: fault-tolerance is achieved by introducing redundancy, while efficiency is achieved by removing redundancy. This monograph demonstrates how in certain models of parallel computation it is possible to combine efficiency and fault-tolerance and shows how it is possible to develop efficient algorithms without concern for fault-tolerance, and then correctly and efficiently execute these algorithms on parallel machines whose processors are subject to arbitrary dynamic fail-stop errors. The efficient algorithmic approaches to multiprocessor fault-tolerance presented in this monograph make a contribution towards bridging the gap between the abstract models of parallel computation and realizable parallel architectures. Fault-Tolerant Parallel Computation presents the state of the art in algorithmic approaches to fault-tolerance in efficient parallel algorithms. The monograph synthesizes work that was presented in recent symposia and published in refereed journals by the authors and other leading researchers. This is the first text that takes the reader on the grand tour of this new field summarizing major results and identifying hard open problems. This monograph will be of interest to academic and industrial researchers and graduate students working in the areas of fault-tolerance, algorithms and parallel computation and may also be used as a text in a graduate course on parallel algorithmic techniques and fault-tolerance.

This second edition focuses on the thought process of digital design and implementation in the context of VLSI and system design. It covers the Verilog 2001 and Verilog 2005 RTL design styles, constructs and the optimization at the RTL and synthesis level. The book also covers the logic synthesis, low power, multiple clock domain design concepts and design performance improvement techniques. The book includes 250 design examples/illustrations and 100 exercise questions. This volume can be used as a core or supplementary text in undergraduate courses on logic design and as a text for professional and vocational coursework. In addition, it will be a hands-on professional reference and a self-study aid for hobbyists.

Based on the Lectures given during the Eurocourse on 'Computing with Parallel Architectures' held at the Joint Research Centre Ispra, Italy, September 10-14, 1990

It has been widely recognized that artificial intelligence computations offer large potential for distributed and parallel processing. Unfortunately, not much is known about designing parallel AI algorithms and efficient, easy-to-use parallel computer architectures for AI applications. The field of parallel computation and computers for AI is in its infancy, but some significant ideas have appeared and initial practical experience has become available. The purpose of this book has been to collect in one volume contributions from several leading researchers and pioneers of AI that represent a sample of these ideas and experiences. This sample does not include all schools of thought nor contributions from all leading researchers, but it covers a relatively wide variety of views and topics and in this sense can be helpful in assessing the state ofthe art. We hope that the book will serve, at least, as a pointer to more specialized literature and that it will stimulate interest in the area of parallel AI processing. It has been a great pleasure and a privilege to cooperate with all contributors to this volume. They have my warmest thanks and gratitude. Mrs. Birgitta Knapp has assisted me in the editorial task and demonstrated a great deal of skill and patience. Janusz S. Kowalik vii INTRODUCTION Artificial intelligence (AI) computer programs can be very time-consuming.

Securing Cloud Services - A pragmatic guide gives an overview of security architecture processes and explains how they may be used to derive an appropriate set of security controls to manage the risks associated with working in the Cloud. Manage the risks associated with Cloud computing - buy this book today!

It has become clear in recent years from such major forums as the various international conferences on flexible manufacruring systems (FMSs) that the computer-controlled and -integrated "factory of the furure" is now being considered as a commercially viable and technically achievable goal. To date, most attention has been given to the design, development, and evalu ation of flexible machining systems. Now, with the essential support of increasing numbers of industrial examples, the general concepts, technical requirements, and cost-effectiveness of responsive, computer-integrated, flexible machining systems are fast becoming established knowledge. There is, of course, much still to be done in the development of modular com puter hardware and software, and the scope for cost-effective developments in pro gramming systems, workpiece handling, and quality control will ensure that contin uing development will occur over the next decade. However, international attention is now increasingly rurning toward the flexible computer control of the assembly process as the next logical step in progressive factory automation. It is here at this very early stage that Tony Owen has bravely set out to encompass the future field of flexible assembly systems (FASs) in his own distinctive, wide-ranging style."

This book comprehensively covers the state-of-the-art security applications of machine learning techniques. The first part explains the emerging solutions for anti-tamper design, IC Counterfeits detection and hardware Trojan identification. It also explains the latest development of deep-learning-based modeling attacks on physically unclonable functions and outlines the design principles of more resilient PUF architectures. The second discusses the use of machine learning to mitigate the risks of security attacks on cyber-physical systems, with a particular focus on power plants. The third part provides an in-depth insight into the principles of malware analysis in embedded systems and describes how the usage of supervised learning techniques provides an effective approach to tackle software vulnerabilities.

This book puts in focus various techniques for checking modeling fidelity of Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), with respect to the physical world they represent. The authors' present modeling and analysis techniques representing different communities, from very different angles, discuss their possible interactions, and discuss the commonalities and differences between their practices. Coverage includes model driven development, resource-driven development, statistical analysis, proofs of simulator implementation, compiler construction, power/temperature modeling of digital devices, high-level performance analysis, and code/device certification. Several industrial contexts are covered, including modeling of computing and communication, proof architectures models and statistical based validation techniques.

There is nO' dDubt that the mioroprooessor (~p) revDlutiDn will cDntinue intO' the future and many will be required to' specify and integrate mi- crDprDceSSDrs intO' prDducts Dr systems in their Dwn disciplines. There- fDre, well-designed flexible interfaoes will be required to' ensure CDm- patibility with Dther equipments and to' extend design DptiDns. AlthDugh there are several bDDks Dn micrDcDmputers and micrDprDcessDrs, Dnly few Df thDse devDte but a small part Dn the impDrtant aspects Df interfaces. It was with this in mind that the present bDDk was written as a selfcDn- tained vDlume to' be part Df the mDre general series : Mioroprooessors- Based Systems Engineering. It fills an existing gap in technDIDgy, as in- terfaces are the last items to' be seriDusly cDnsidered in the race Df new technDIDgy, and it deals with the systematic study Df micrDprDcessDr interfaces and their applicatiDns in many diversified fields. This bDDk is aimed at engineers in industry and engineering stu- dents whO' need to' learn hDW to' interface micrDprDcessDrs, and hence mi- crDcDmputers and Dther related equipments, to' external digital Dr analDg devices. It is suitable fDr use as a textbDDk Dr fDr supplementary read- ing, either in an applied undergraduate CDurse in electrical engineering Dr in the last year Df three-year-curriculum technical cDlleges.

This book describes automated debugging approaches for the bugs and the faults which appear in different abstraction levels of a hardware system. The authors employ a transaction-based debug approach to systems at the transaction-level, asserting the correct relation of transactions. The automated debug approach for design bugs finds the potential fault candidates at RTL and gate-level of a circuit. Debug techniques for logic bugs and synchronization bugs are demonstrated, enabling readers to localize the most difficult bugs. Debug automation for electrical faults (delay faults)finds the potentially failing speedpaths in a circuit at gate-level. The various debug approaches described achieve high diagnosis accuracy and reduce the debugging time, shortening the IC development cycle and increasing the productivity of designers. Describes a unified framework for debug automation used at both pre-silicon and post-silicon stages; Provides approaches for debug automation of a hardware system at different levels of abstraction, i.e., chip, gate-level, RTL and transaction level; Includes techniques for debug automation of design bugs and electrical faults, as well as an infrastructure to debug NoC-based multiprocessor SoCs.

Neural network and artificial intelligence algorithrns and computing have increased not only in complexity but also in the number of applications. This in turn has posed a tremendous need for a larger computational power that conventional scalar processors may not be able to deliver efficiently. These processors are oriented towards numeric and data manipulations. Due to the neurocomputing requirements (such as non-programming and learning) and the artificial intelligence requirements (such as symbolic manipulation and knowledge representation) a different set of constraints and demands are imposed on the computer architectures/organizations for these applications. Research and development of new computer architectures and VLSI circuits for neural networks and artificial intelligence have been increased in order to meet the new performance requirements. This book presents novel approaches and trends on VLSI implementations of machines for these applications. Papers have been drawn from a number of research communities; the subjects span analog and digital VLSI design, computer design, computer architectures, neurocomputing and artificial intelligence techniques. This book has been organized into four subject areas that cover the two major categories of this book; the areas are: analog circuits for neural networks, digital implementations of neural networks, neural networks on multiprocessor systems and applications, and VLSI machines for artificial intelligence. The topics that are covered in each area are briefly introduced below.

Now in a thoroughly revised second edition, this practical practitioner guide provides a comprehensive overview of the SoC design process. It explains end-to-end system on chip (SoC) design processes and includes updated coverage of design methodology, the design environment, EDA tool flow, design decisions, choice of design intellectual property (IP) cores, sign-off procedures, and design infrastructure requirements. The second edition provides new information on SOC trends and updated design cases. Coverage also includes critical advanced guidance on the latest UPF-based low power design flow, challenges of deep submicron technologies, and 3D design fundamentals, which will prepare the readers for the challenges of working at the nanotechnology scale. A Practical Approach to VLSI System on Chip (SoC) Design: A Comprehensive Guide, Second Edition provides engineers who aspire to become VLSI designers with all the necessary information and details of EDA tools. It will be a valuable professional reference for those working on VLSI design and verification portfolios in complex SoC designs

This book describes the most recent techniques for turbo decoder implementation, especially for 4G and beyond 4G applications. The authors reveal techniques for the design of high-throughput decoders for future telecommunication systems, enabling designers to reduce hardware cost and shorten processing time. Coverage includes an explanation of VLSI implementation of the turbo decoder, from basic functional units to advanced parallel architecture. The authors discuss both hardware architecture techniques and experimental results, showing the variations in area/throughput/performance with respect to several techniques. This book also illustrates turbo decoders for 3GPP-LTE/LTE-A and IEEE 802.16e/m standards, which provide a low-complexity but high-flexibility circuit structure to support these standards in multiple parallel modes. Moreover, some solutions that can overcome the limitation upon the speedup of parallel architecture by modification to turbo codec are presented here. Compared to the traditional designs, these methods can lead to at most 33% gain in throughput with similar performance and similar cost.

Dynamic Reconfigurable Architectures and Transparent Optimization Techniques presents a detailed study on new techniques to cope with the aforementioned limitations. First, characteristics of reconfigurable systems are discussed in details, and a large number of case studies is shown. Then, a detailed analysis of several benchmarks demonstrates that such architectures need to attack a diverse range of applications with very different behaviours, besides supporting code compatibility. This requires the use of dynamic optimization techniques, such as Binary Translation and Trace reuse. Finally, works that combine both reconfigurable systems and dynamic techniques are discussed and a quantitative analysis of one them, the DIM architecture, is presented.