This book is divided into fourteen chapters, with 18 appendices as introduction to prerequisite topological and algebraic knowledge, etc. The first seven chapters focus on local analysis. This part can be used as a fundamental textbook for graduate students of theoretical physics. Chapters 8-10 discuss geometry on fibre bundles, which facilitates further reference for researchers. The last four chapters deal with the Atiyah-Singer index theorem, its generalization and its application, quantum anomaly, cohomology field theory and noncommutative geometry, giving the reader a glimpse of the frontier of current research in theoretical physics.

This book is an introduction to the remarkable work of Vaughan Jones and Victor Vassiliev on knot and link invariants and its recent modifications and generalizations, including a mathematical treatment of Jones-Witten invariants. It emphasizes the geometric aspects of the theory and treats topics such as braids, homeomorphisms of surfaces, surgery of 3-manifolds (Kirby calculus), and branched coverings. This attractive geometric material, interesting in itself yet not previously gathered in book form, constitutes the basis of the last two chapters, where the Jones-Witten invariants are constructed via the rigorous skein algebra approach (mainly due to the Saint Petersburg school). Unlike several recent monographs, where all of these invariants are introduced by using the sophisticated abstract algebra of quantum groups and representation theory, the mathematical prerequisites are minimal in this book. Numerous figures and problems make it suitable as a course text and for self-study.

This book is an exposition of what is currently known about the fundamental groups of compact Kahler manifolds. This class of groups contains all finite groups and is strictly smaller than the class of all finitely presentable groups. For the first time ever, this book collects together all the results obtained in the last few years which aim to characterise those infinite groups which can arise as fundamental groups of compact Kahler manifolds. Most of these results are negative ones, saying which groups do not arise. They are proved using Hodge theory and its combinations with rational homotopy theory, with $L^2$-cohomology, with the theory of harmonic maps, and with gauge theory.There are a number of positive results as well, exhibiting interesting groups as fundamental groups of Kahler manifolds, in fact, of smooth complex projective varieties. The methods and techniques used form an attractive mix of topology, differential and algebraic geometry, and complex analysis. The book would be useful to researchers and graduate students interested in any of these areas, and it could be used as a textbook for an advanced graduate course. One of its outstanding features is a large number of concrete examples. The book contains a number of new results and examples which have not appeared elsewhere, as well as discussions of some important open questions in the field.

This book describes recent progress in the topological study of plane curves. The theory of plane curves is much richer than knot theory, which may be considered the commutative version of the theory of plane curves. This study is based on singularity theory: the infinite-dimensional space of curves is subdivided by the discriminant hypersurfaces into parts consisting of generic curves of the same type. The invariants distinguishing the types are defined by their jumps at the crossings of these hypersurfaces. Arnold describes applications to the geometry of caustics and of wavefronts in symplectic and contact geometry. These applications extend the classical four-vertex theorem of elementary plane geometry to estimates on the minimal number of cusps necessary for the reversion of a wavefront and to generalizations of the last geometrical theorem of Jacobi on conjugated points on convex surfaces. These estimates open a new chapter in symplectic and contact topology: the theory of Lagrangian and Legendrian collapses, providing an unusual and far-reaching higher-dimensional extension of Sturm theory of the oscillations of linear combinations of eigenfunctions.

This volume contains the papers presented at a symposium on differential geometry at Shinshu University in July of 1988. Carefully reviewed by a panel of experts, the papers pertain to the following areas of research: dynamical systems, geometry of submanifolds and tensor geometry, lie sphere geometry, Riemannian geometry, Yang-Mills Connections, and geometry of the Laplace operator.

This book belongs in both graduate and undergraduate libraries as a useful reference for students and researchers in topology. It is directed toward mathematicians interested in geometry who have had at least a beginning course in topology. It should provide the reader with a better understanding of the physical properties of Euclidean 3-space - the space in which we presume we live. The reader should learn of some unsolved problems that continue to baffle researchers. The most profound result in the volume is the side approximation theorem. However, some of the preliminary results and some of the applications may be used more frequently for reference.

Es gibt in der Differentialgeometrie von Kurven und FJachen zwei Betrachtungsweisen. Die eine, die man klassische Differentialgeometrie nennen konnte, entstand zusammen mit den Anfangen der Differential-und Integralrechnung. Grob gesagt studiert die klassische Differentialgeometrie lokale Eigenschaften von Kurven und FHichen. Dabei verstehen wir unter lokalen Eigenschaften solche, die nur vom Verhalten der Kurve oder Flache in der Umgebung eines Punktes abhiingen. Die Methoden, die sich als fUr das Studium solcher Eigenschaften geeignet erwiesen haben, sind die Methoden der Differentialrechnung. Aus diesem Grund sind die in der Differentialgeometrie untersuchten Kurven und Flachen durch Funktionen definiert, die von einer gewissen Differenzierbarkeitsklasse sind. Die andere Betrachtungsweise ist die sogenannte globale Differentialgeometrie. Hierbei untersucht man den EinfluB lokaler Eigenschaften auf das Verhalten der gesamten Kurve oder Flache. Der interessanteste und reprasentativste Teil der klassischen Differentialgeometrie ist wohl die Untersuchung von Flachen. Beim Studium von Flachen treten jedoch in nattirlicher Weise einige 10k ale Eigenschaften von Kurven auf. Deshalb benutzen wir dieses erste Kapi tel, urn kurz auf Kurven einzugehen."

This book is intended to meet the need for a text introducing advanced students in mathematics, physics, and engineering to the field of differential geometry. It is self-contained, requiring only a knowledge of the calculus. The material is presented in a simple and understandable but rigorous manner, accompanied by many examples which illustrate the ideas, methods, and results. The use of tensors is explained in detail, not omitting little formal tricks which are useful in their applications. Though never formalistic, it provides an introduction to Riemannian geometry. The theory of curves and surfaces in three-dimensional Euclidean space is presented in a modern way, and applied to various classes of curves and surfaces which are of practical interest in mathematics and its applications to physical, cartographical, and engineering problems. Considerable space is given to explaining and illustrating basic concepts such as curve, arc length, surface, fundamental forms; covariant and contravariant vectors; covariant, contravariant and mixed tensors, etc. Interesting problems are included and complete solutions are given at the end of the book, together with a list of the more important formulae. No pains have been spared in constructing suitable figures.

The book presents a comprehensive guide to the study of Lie systems from the fundamentals of differential geometry to the development of contemporary research topics. It embraces several basic topics on differential geometry and the study of geometric structures while developing known applications in the theory of Lie systems. The book also includes a brief exploration of the applications of Lie systems to superequations, discrete systems, and partial differential equations.Offering a complete overview from the topic's foundations to the present, this book is an ideal resource for Physics and Mathematics students, doctoral students and researchers.

Black holes present one of the most fascinating predictions of Einstein's general theory of relativity. There is strong evidence of their existence through observation of active galactic nuclei, including the centre of our galaxy, observations of gravitational waves, and others. There exists a large scientific literature on black holes, including many excellent textbooks at various levels. However, most of these steer clear from the mathematical niceties needed to make the theory of black holes a mathematical theory. Those which maintain a high mathematical standard are either focused on specific topics, or skip many details. The objective of this book is to fill this gap and present a detailed, mathematically oriented, extended introduction to the subject. The book provides a wide background to the current research on all mathematical aspects of the geometry of black hole spacetimes.

This text provides a comprehensive introduction to Berezin-Toeplitz operators on compact Kahler manifolds. The heart of the book is devoted to a proof of the main properties of these operators which have been playing a significant role in various areas of mathematics such as complex geometry, topological quantum field theory, integrable systems, and the study of links between symplectic topology and quantum mechanics. The book is carefully designed to supply graduate students with a unique accessibility to the subject. The first part contains a review of relevant material from complex geometry. Examples are presented with explicit detail and computation; prerequisites have been kept to a minimum. Readers are encouraged to enhance their understanding of the material by working through the many straightforward exercises.

Differential geometry is a mathematical discipline that uses the methods of differential and integral calculus to study problems in geometry. Graph theory is also a growing area in mathematical research. In mathematics and computer science, graph theory is the study of mathematical structures used to model pairwise relations between objects from a certain collection. This book presents various theories and applications in both of these mathematical fields. Included are the concepts of dominating sets, one of the most widely studied concepts in graph theory, some current developments of graph theory in the fields of planar linkage mechanisms and geared linkage mechanisms, lie algebras and the application of CR Hamiltonian flows to the deformation theory of CR structures.

This volume presents recent developments in geometric structures on Riemannian manifolds and their discretizations. With chapters written by recognized experts, these discussions focus on contact structures, Kahler structures, fiber bundle structures and Einstein metrics. It also contains works on the geometric approach on coding theory.For researchers and students, this volume forms an invaluable source to learn about these subjects that are not only in the field of differential geometry but also in other wide related areas. It promotes and deepens the study of geometric structures.

This book provides a unique and highly accessible approach to singularity theory from the perspective of differential geometry of curves and surfaces. It is written by three leading experts on the interplay between two important fields — singularity theory and differential geometry. The book introduces singularities and their recognition theorems, and describes their applications to geometry and topology, restricting the objects of attention to singularities of plane curves and surfaces in the Euclidean 3-space. In particular, by presenting the singular curvature, which originated through research by the authors, the Gauss–Bonnet theorem for surfaces is generalized to those with singularities. The Gauss–Bonnet theorem is intrinsic in nature, that is, it is a theorem not only for surfaces but also for 2-dimensional Riemannian manifolds. The book also elucidates the notion of Riemannian manifolds with singularities. These topics, as well as elementary descriptions of proofs of the recognition theorems, cannot be found in other books. Explicit examples and models are provided in abundance, along with insightful explanations of the underlying theory as well. Numerous figures and exercise problems are given, becoming strong aids in developing an understanding of the material. Readers will gain from this text a unique introduction to the singularities of curves and surfaces from the viewpoint of differential geometry, and it will be a useful guide for students and researchers interested in this subject.

This volume is the proceedings of the workshop 'Singularities in Generic Geometry and Applications - Kobe-Kyoto 2015 (Valencia IV)' - which was held at Kobe University June 3-6 and RIMS, Kyoto University June 8-10, 2015.The workshop was the fourth in a sequence of biennial workshops, which had been started in Valencia (Spain, 2009).The volume consists fifteen original research articles and three survey articles by specialists in Singularity theory and its applications to Differential Topology and Differential Geometry. It is highly recommended to researchers and graduate students who are interested in these areas.Published by Mathematical Society of Japan and distributed by World Scientific Publishing Co. for all markets except North America

This book explains and helps readers to develop geometric intuition as it relates to differential forms. It includes over 250 figures to aid understanding and enable readers to visualize the concepts being discussed. The author gradually builds up to the basic ideas and concepts so that definitions, when made, do not appear out of nowhere, and both the importance and role that theorems play is evident as or before they are presented. With a clear writing style and easy-to- understand motivations for each topic, this book is primarily aimed at second- or third-year undergraduate math and physics students with a basic knowledge of vector calculus and linear algebra.

This is a textbook on differential geometry well-suited to a variety of courses on this topic. For readers seeking an elementary text, the prerequisites are minimal and include plenty of examples and intermediate steps within proofs, while providing an invitation to more excursive applications and advanced topics. For readers bound for graduate school in math or physics, this is a clear, concise, rigorous development of the topic including the deep global theorems. For the benefit of all readers, the author employs various techniques to render the difficult abstract ideas herein more understandable and engaging. Over 300 color illustrations bring the mathematics to life, instantly clarifying concepts in ways that grayscale could not. Green-boxed definitions and purple-boxed theorems help to visually organize the mathematical content. Color is even used within the text to highlight logical relationships. Applications abound! The study of conformal and equiareal functions is grounded in its application to cartography. Evolutes, involutes and cycloids are introduced through Christiaan Huygens' fascinating story: in attempting to solve the famous longitude problem with a mathematically-improved pendulum clock, he invented mathematics that would later be applied to optics and gears. Clairaut's Theorem is presented as a conservation law for angular momentum. Green's Theorem makes possible a drafting tool called a planimeter. Foucault's Pendulum helps one visualize a parallel vector field along a latitude of the earth. Even better, a south-pointing chariot helps one visualize a parallel vector field along any curve in any surface. In truth, the most profound application of differential geometry is to modern physics, which is beyond the scope of this book. The GPS in any car wouldn't work without general relativity, formalized through the language of differential geometry. Throughout this book, applications, metaphors and visualizations are tools that motivate and clarify the rigorous mathematical content, but never replace it.

This textbook offers a concise introduction to spectral theory, designed for newcomers to functional analysis. Curating the content carefully, the author builds to a proof of the spectral theorem in the early part of the book. Subsequent chapters illustrate a variety of application areas, exploring key examples in detail. Readers looking to delve further into specialized topics will find ample references to classic and recent literature. Beginning with a brief introduction to functional analysis, the text focuses on unbounded operators and separable Hilbert spaces as the essential tools needed for the subsequent theory. A thorough discussion of the concepts of spectrum and resolvent follows, leading to a complete proof of the spectral theorem for unbounded self-adjoint operators. Applications of spectral theory to differential operators comprise the remaining four chapters. These chapters introduce the Dirichlet Laplacian operator, Schroedinger operators, operators on graphs, and the spectral theory of Riemannian manifolds. Spectral Theory offers a uniquely accessible introduction to ideas that invite further study in any number of different directions. A background in real and complex analysis is assumed; the author presents the requisite tools from functional analysis within the text. This introductory treatment would suit a functional analysis course intended as a pathway to linear PDE theory. Independent later chapters allow for flexibility in selecting applications to suit specific interests within a one-semester course.

This is a book that the author wishes had been available to him when he was student. It reflects his interest in knowing (like expert mathematicians) the most relevant mathematics for theoretical physics, but in the style of physicists. This means that one is not facing the study of a collection of definitions, remarks, theorems, corollaries, lemmas, etc. but a narrative - almost like a story being told - that does not impede sophistication and deep results.It covers differential geometry far beyond what general relativists perceive they need to know. And it introduces readers to other areas of mathematics that are of interest to physicists and mathematicians, but are largely overlooked. Among these is Clifford Algebra and its uses in conjunction with differential forms and moving frames. It opens new research vistas that expand the subject matter.In an appendix on the classical theory of curves and surfaces, the author slashes not only the main proofs of the traditional approach, which uses vector calculus, but even existing treatments that also use differential forms for the same purpose.

This book provides a comprehensive introduction to Finsler geometry in the language of present-day mathematics. Through Finsler geometry, it also introduces the reader to other structures and techniques of differential geometry. Prerequisites for reading the book are minimal: undergraduate linear algebra (over the reals) and analysis. The necessary concepts and tools of advanced linear algebra (over modules), point set topology, multivariable calculus and the rudiments of the theory of differential equations are integrated in the text. Basic manifold and bundle theories are treated concisely, carefully and (apart from proofs) in a self-contained manner. The backbone of the book is the detailed and original exposition of tangent bundle geometry, Ehresmann connections and sprays. It turns out that these structures are important not only in their own right and in the foundation of Finsler geometry, but they can be also regarded as the cornerstones of the huge edifice of Differential Geometry. The authors emphasize the conceptual aspects, but carefully elaborate calculative aspects as well (tensor derivations, graded derivations and covariant derivatives). Although they give preference to index-free methods, they also apply the techniques of traditional tensor calculus. Most proofs are elaborated in detail, which makes the book suitable for self-study. Nevertheless, the authors provide for more advanced readers as well by supplying them with adequate material, and the book may also serve as a reference.