Written primarily for students who have completed the standard first courses in calculus and linear algebra, ELEMENTARY DIFFERENTIAL GEOMETRY, REVISED SECOND EDITION, provides an introduction to the geometry of curves and surfaces.
The Second Edition maintained the accessibility of the first, while providing an introduction to the use of computers and expanding discussion on certain topics. Further emphasis was placed on topological properties, properties of geodesics, singularities of vector fields, and the theorems of Bonnet and Hadamard.
This revision of the Second Edition provides a thorough update of commands for the symbolic computation programs Mathematica or Maple, as well as additional computer exercises. As with the Second Edition, this material supplements the content but no computer skill is necessary to take full advantage of this comprehensive text.
*Fortieth anniversary of publication! Over 36,000 copies sold worldwide
*Accessible, practical yet rigorous approach to a complex topic--also suitable for self-study
*Extensive update of appendices on Mathematica and Maple software packages
*Thorough streamlining of second edition's numbering system
*Fuller information on solutions to odd-numbered problems
*Additional exercises and hints guide students in using the latest computer modeling tools

Ganz in Hermann Weyls bekannt klarer Darstellung geschrieben, gibt dieser Beitrag einen Bericht uber die Entstehung der grundlegenden Ideen, die der modernen Geometrie zugrunde liegen. Diese Schrift spiegelt in einzigartiger Weise Weyls mathematische Personlichkeit wider. Sie richtet sich an alle, die sich mit Fragen der Topologiegruppentheorie, Differentialgeometrie und mathematischer Physik beschaftigen. From the foreword of the editor K. Chandrasekharan: "Written in Weyl's finest style, while he was rising forty, the article is an authentic report on the genesis and evolution of those fundamental ideas that underlie the modern conception of geometry. Part I is on the continuum, and deals with analysis situs, imbeddings, and coverings. Part II is on structure, and deals with infinitesimal geometry in its many aspects, metric, conformal, affine, and projective; with the question of homogeneity, homogeneous spaces from the group-theoretical standpoint, the role of the metric field theories in physics, and the related problems of group theory. It is hoped that this article will be of interest to all those concerned with the growth and development of topology, group theory, differential geometry, geometric function theory, and mathematical physics. It bears the unmistakable imprint of Weyl's mathematical personality, and of his remarkable capacity to capture and delineate the transmutation of some of the nascent into the dominant ideas of the mathematics of our time".

A fractal drum is a bounded open subset of R. m with a fractal boundary. A difficult problem is to describe the relationship between the shape (geo- metry) of the drum and its sound (its spectrum). In this book, we restrict ourselves to the one-dimensional case of fractal strings, and their higher dimensional analogues, fractal sprays. We develop a theory of complex di- mensions of a fractal string, and we study how these complex dimensions relate the geometry with the spectrum of the fractal string. We refer the reader to [Berrl-2, Lapl-4, LapPol-3, LapMal-2, HeLapl-2] and the ref- erences therein for further physical and mathematical motivations of this work. (Also see, in particular, Sections 7. 1, 10. 3 and 10. 4, along with Ap- pendix B. ) In Chapter 1, we introduce the basic object of our research, fractal strings (see [Lapl-3, LapPol-3, LapMal-2, HeLapl-2]). A 'standard fractal string' is a bounded open subset of the real line. Such a set is a disjoint union of open intervals, the lengths of which form a sequence which we assume to be infinite. Important information about the geometry of . c is contained in its geometric zeta function (c(8) = L lj. j=l 2 Introduction We assume throughout that this function has a suitable meromorphic ex- tension. The central notion of this book, the complex dimensions of a fractal string . c, is defined as the poles of the meromorphic extension of (c.

Das Buch fuhrt in die Bereiche der Kontinuumstheorie ein, die fur Ingenieure relevant sind: die Deformation des elastischen und des plastifizierenden Festkorpers, die Stromung reibungsfreier und reibungsbehafteter Fluide sowie die Elektrodynamik. Der Autor baut die Theorie im Sinne der rationalen Mechanik auf, d.h., er erstellt ein Feldgleichungssystem und gibt sozusagen nebenbei eine Einfuhrung in die Tensoranalysis. Dabei werden sowohl der Indexkalkul als auch die absolute Schreibweise verwendet und gegenubergestellt.

lOsung von Singularitiiten, Liesche Gruppen, Newton-Diagramme) einerseits und den naturwissenschaftlichen Anwendungen andererseits. Die Theorie der partiellen Differentialgleichungen erster Ordnung wird mit Hilfe der natiirlichen Kontaktstruktur in der Mannigfaltigkeit der l-Jets von Funktionen untersucht. Nebenbei werden dabei die notwendigen Elemente der Geometrie der Kontaktstruktur dargelegt, die die ganze Theorie unabhiingig von anderen Quellen machen. Einen entscheidenden Teil des Buches nehmen die gewohnlich qualitativ genann- ten Methoden ein. Die jiingste Entwicklung der von H. POINCARE begriindeten quali- tativen Theorie der Differentialgleichungen flihrte zum Verstiindnis dessen, daB genauso, wie einzelne Differentialgleichungen im allgemeinen nicht vollstiindig inte- grierbar sind, auch die qualitative Untersuchung gewisser allgemeiner Differential- gleichungen mit mehrdimensionalem Phasenraum unmoglich ist. In diesem Zusam- menhang wird die Analyse einer Differentialgleichung vom Standpunkt der Struktur- stabilitiit; d. h. der Stabilitiit des qualitativen Bildes in Hinsicht auf kleine . Anderun- gen der Differentialgleichung, im Kapitel 3 behandelt. Es werden die Hauptresul- tate, die nach den ersten Arbeiten von A. A. ANDRONOV und L. S. PONTRJAGIN er- zielt wurden, dargestellt: die Grundlagen der Theorie der strukturstabilen Anosov- Systeme, deren Trajektorien alle exponentiell instabil sind, und der Satz von SMALE iiber die Nichtdichtheit der Menge der strukturstabilen Systeme. Es wird dann weiter die Bedeutung dieser mathematischen Entdeckungen flir die Anwendungen diskutiert (die Rede ist dabei von der Beschreibung stabiler chaotischer Bewe- glmgsregimes, beispielweise Turbulenzen). Zu den stiirksten und am meisten verwendeten Methoden der Untersuchung von Differentialgleichungen gehoren verschiedene asymptotische Methoden.

I. Bucur: L'anneau de Chow d'une variete algebrique.- E. Eckmann: Cohomologie et classes caracteristiques.- C. Teleman: Sur le caractere de Chern d'un fibre vectoriel complexe differentiable.- E. Thomas: Characteristic classes and differentiable manifolds.- A. Van de Ven: Chern classes and complex manifolds."

Exact solutions to Einstein 's equations have been useful for the understanding of general relativity in many respects. They have led to such physical concepts as black holes and event horizons, and helped to visualize interesting features of the theory. This volume studies the solutions to the Ernst equation associated to Riemann surfaces in detail. In addition, the book discusses the physical and mathematical aspects of this class analytically as well as numerically.

Anhand der Anwendungsszenarien Koronarscreening und Blutflussmessung untersucht Jorg Mielebacher die Eigenschaften der wichtigsten auftretenden Bildinhalte, also der Blutgefasse, Herzinnenraume und Herzmuskel."

Anschauliche Geometrie - wohl selten ist ein Mathematikbuch seinem Titel so gerecht geworden wie dieses aussergewohnliche Werk von Hilbert und Cohn-Vossen. Zuerst 1932 erschienen, hat das Buch nichts von seiner Frische und Kraft verloren. Hilbert hat sein erklartes Ziel, die Faszination der Geometrie zu vermitteln, bei Generationen von Mathematikern erreicht.

Aus Hilberts Vorwort: "Das Buch soll dazu dienen, die Freude an der Mathematik zu mehren, indem es dem Leser erleichtert, in das Wesen der Mathematik einzudringen, ohne sich einem beschwerlichen Studium zu unterziehen.""

The link between the physical world and its visualization is geometry. This easy-to-read, generously illustrated textbook presents an elementary introduction to differential geometry with emphasis on geometric results. Avoiding formalism as much as possible, the author harnesses basic mathematical skills in analysis and linear algebra to solve interesting geometric problems, which prepare students for more advanced study in mathematics and other scientific fields such as physics and computer science. The wide range of topics includes curve theory, a detailed study of surfaces, curvature, variation of area and minimal surfaces, geodesics, spherical and hyperbolic geometry, the divergence theorem, triangulations, and the Gauss-Bonnet theorem. The section on cartography demonstrates the concrete importance of elementary differential geometry in applications. Clearly developed arguments and proofs, colour illustrations, and over 100 exercises and solutions make this book ideal for courses and self-study. The only prerequisites are one year of undergraduate calculus and linear algebra.

A sequel to Lectures on Riemann Surfaces (Mathematical Notes, 1966), this volume continues the discussion of the dimensions of spaces of holomorphic cross-sections of complex line bundles over compact Riemann surfaces. Whereas the earlier treatment was limited to results obtainable chiefly by one-dimensional methods, the more detailed analysis presented here requires the use of various properties of Jacobi varieties and of symmetric products of Riemann surfaces, and so serves as a further introduction to these topics as well. The first chapter consists of a rather explicit description of a canonical basis for the Abelian differentials on a marked Riemann surface, and of the description of the canonical meromorphic differentials and the prime function of a marked Riemann surface. Chapter 2 treats Jacobi varieties of compact Riemann surfaces and various subvarieties that arise in determining the dimensions of spaces of holomorphic cross-sections of complex line bundles. In Chapter 3, the author discusses the relations between Jacobi varieties and symmetric products of Riemann surfaces relevant to the determination of dimensions of spaces of holomorphic cross-sections of complex line bundles. The final chapter derives Torelli's theorem following A. Weil, but in an analytical context. Originally published in 1973. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Holomorphic vector bundles have become objects of interest not only to algebraic and differential geometers and complex analysts but also to low dimensional topologists and mathematical physicists working on gauge theory. This book, which grew out of the author's lectures and seminars in Berkeley and Japan, is written for researchers and graduate students in these various fields of mathematics. Originally published in 1987. The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback and hardcover editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.

Based on lectures given at Zhejiang University in Hangzhou, China, and Johns Hopkins University, this book introduces eigenfunctions on Riemannian manifolds. Christopher Sogge gives a proof of the sharp Weyl formula for the distribution of eigenvalues of Laplace-Beltrami operators, as well as an improved version of the Weyl formula, the Duistermaat-Guillemin theorem under natural assumptions on the geodesic flow. Sogge shows that there is quantum ergodicity of eigenfunctions if the geodesic flow is ergodic.

Sogge begins with a treatment of the Hadamard parametrix before proving the first main result, the sharp Weyl formula. He avoids the use of Tauberian estimates and instead relies on sup-norm estimates for eigenfunctions. The author also gives a rapid introduction to the stationary phase and the basics of the theory of pseudodifferential operators and microlocal analysis. These are used to prove the Duistermaat-Guillemin theorem. Turning to the related topic of quantum ergodicity, Sogge demonstrates that if the long-term geodesic flow is uniformly distributed, most eigenfunctions exhibit a similar behavior, in the sense that their mass becomes equidistributed as their frequencies go to infinity.

This self-contained 2007 textbook presents an exposition of the well-known classical two-dimensional geometries, such as Euclidean, spherical, hyperbolic, and the locally Euclidean torus, and introduces the basic concepts of Euler numbers for topological triangulations, and Riemannian metrics. The careful discussion of these classical examples provides students with an introduction to the more general theory of curved spaces developed later in the book, as represented by embedded surfaces in Euclidean 3-space, and their generalization to abstract surfaces equipped with Riemannian metrics. Themes running throughout include those of geodesic curves, polygonal approximations to triangulations, Gaussian curvature, and the link to topology provided by the Gauss-Bonnet theorem. Numerous diagrams help bring the key points to life and helpful examples and exercises are included to aid understanding. Throughout the emphasis is placed on explicit proofs, making this text ideal for any student with a basic background in analysis and algebra.

This book provides an introduction to Riemannian geometry, the geometry of curved spaces, for use in a graduate course. Requiring only an understanding of differentiable manifolds, the author covers the introductory ideas of Riemannian geometry followed by a selection of more specialized topics. Also featured are Notes and Exercises for each chapter, to develop and enrich the reader's appreciation of the subject. This second edition, first published in 2006, has a clearer treatment of many topics than the first edition, with new proofs of some theorems and a new chapter on the Riemannian geometry of surfaces. The main themes here are the effect of the curvature on the usual notions of classical Euclidean geometry, and the new notions and ideas motivated by curvature itself. Completely new themes created by curvature include the classical Rauch comparison theorem and its consequences in geometry and topology, and the interaction of microscopic behavior of the geometry with the macroscopic structure of the space.

This book provides an introduction to the use of geometric partial differential equations in image processing and computer vision. This research area brings a number of new concepts into the field, providing a very fundamental and formal approach to image processing. State-of-the-art practical results in a large number of real problems are achieved with the techniques described in this book. Applications covered include image segmentation, shape analysis, image enhancement, and tracking. This book will be a useful resource for researchers and practitioners. It is intended to provide information for people investigating new solutions to image processing problems as well as for people searching for existent advanced solutions.

Ce livre est une initiation aux approches modernes de l'optimisation mathematique de formes. Il s'appuie sur les seules connaissances de premiere annee de Master de mathematiques, mais permet deja d'aborder les questions ouvertes dans ce domaine en pleine effervescence. On y developpe la methodologie ainsi que les outils d'analyse mathematique et de geometrie necessaires a l'etude des variations de domaines. On y trouve une etude systematique des questions geometriques associees a l'operateur de Laplace, de la capacite classique, de la derivation par rapport a une forme, ainsi qu'un FAQ sur les topologies usuelles sur les domaines et sur les proprietes geometriques des formes optimales avec ce qui se passe quand elles n'existent pas, le tout avec une importante bibliographie.

This collection of papers constitutes a wide-ranging survey of recent developments in differential geometry and its interactions with other fields, especially partial differential equations and mathematical physics. This area of mathematics was the subject of a special program at the Institute for Advanced Study in Princeton during the academic year 1979-1980; the papers in this volume were contributed by the speakers in the sequence of seminars organized by Shing-Tung Yau for this program. Both survey articles and articles presenting new results are included. The articles on differential geometry and partial differential equations include a general survey article by the editor on the relationship of the two fields and more specialized articles on topics including harmonic mappings, isoperimetric and Poincare inequalities, metrics with specified curvature properties, the Monge-Arnpere equation, L2 harmonic forms and cohomology, manifolds of positive curvature, isometric embedding, and Kraumlhler manifolds and metrics. The articles on differential geometry and mathematical physics cover such topics as renormalization, instantons, gauge fields and the Yang-Mills equation, nonlinear evolution equations, incompleteness of space-times, black holes, and quantum gravity. A feature of special interest is the inclusion of a list of more than one hundred unsolved research problems compiled by the editor with comments and bibliographical information.

This book presents an expository account of six important topics in Riemann-Finsler geometry suitable for in a special topics course in graduate level differential geometry. These topics have recently undergone significant development, but have not had a detailed pedagogical treatment elsewhere. Each article will open the door to an active area of geometrical research. Rademacher gives a detailed account of his Sphere Theorem for non-reversible Finsler metrics. Alvarez and Thompson present an accessible discussion of the picture which emerges from their search for a satisfactory notion of volume on Finsler manifolds. Wong studies the geometry of holomorphic jet bundles, and finds that Finsler metrics play an essential role. Sabau studies protein production in cells from the Finslerian perspective of path spaces, employing both a local stability analysis of the first order system, and a KCC analysis of the related second order system. Shen's article discusses Finsler metrics whose flag curvature depends on the location and the direction of the flag poles, but not on the remaining features of the flags. Bao and Robles focus on Randers spaces of constant flag curvature or constant Ric

Das Lehrbuch soll Studierende mit Interesse an den theoretischen Naturwissenschaften, deren Kenntnisse im wesentlichen aus einem Grundkurs der Differential- und Integralrechnung wie etwa fur Ingenieurfacher bestehen, in die klassische Feldtheorie mit modernen mathematischen Methoden einfuhren. Dementsprechend sind die Tensoranalysis und die Differentialgeometrie die mathematischen Themen, die Geometrie der Raum-Zeit und das Prinzip der Relativitat im Zusammenhang mit den Grundgesetzen der Elektrodynamik und der Gravitation die physikalischen. Mit Rucksicht auf die Mathematik der Relativitatstheorie, aber auch aus didaktischen Erwagungen, gliedert sich der Text in zwei Teile. Um den Leser unter einfacheren Anforderungen an das Vorstellungsvermogen mit der Methodik vertraut zu machen, wird zunachst der affine und euklidische Raum den mathematischen Objekten zugrundegelegt, um verallgemeinernd zur komplexeren Geometrie auf Mannigfaltigkeiten und Riemannschen Raumen hinuberfuhren zu konnen. Die Tensoranalysis in ebenen und gekrummten Raumen wird durch eine Einfuhrung in die spezielle und allgemeine Relativitatstheorie erganzt und abgeschlossen, wobei die Geometrie der Raum-Zeit und die Formulierung der Grundgesetze sowie mathematische Folgerungen zur Sprache kommen.

The present volume contains all but two of the papers read at the conference, as well as a few papers and short notes submitted afterwards. We hope that it reflects faithfully the present state of research in the fields covered, and that it may provide an access to these fields for future investigations.

This book brings together a selection of the best lectures from many graduate workshops held at the Australian National Institute for Theoretical Physics in Adelaide. The lectures presented here describe subjects currently of great interest, generally at the interface between mathematics and physics, and also where suitable expositions did not previously exist at a level suitable for graduate students. Topics covered include quantum groups, the operator algebra approach to the integer quantum Hall effect, solvable lattice models and Hecke algebras, Yangevins, equivariant cohomology and symplectic geometry, and von Neumann invariants of covering spaces.

De Rham cohomology is the cohomology of differential forms. This book offers a self-contained exposition to this subject and to the theory of characteristic classes from the curvature point of view. It requires no prior knowledge of the concepts of algebraic topology or cohomology. The first ten chapters study cohomology of open sets in Euclidean space, treat smooth manifolds and their cohomology and end with integration on manifolds. The last eleven chapters cover Morse theory, index of vector fields, Poincaré duality, vector bundles, connections and curvature, Chern and Euler classes, Thom isomorphism, and the general Gauss-Bonnet theorem. The text includes over 150 exercises, and gives the background necessary for the modern developments in gauge theory and geometry in four dimensions, but it also serves as an introductory course in algebraic topology. It will be invaluable to anyone who wishes to know about cohomology, curvature, and their applications.

In Hypo-Analytic Structures Franois Treves provides a systematic approach to the study of the differential structures on manifolds defined by systems of complex vector fields. Serving as his main examples are the elliptic complexes, among which the De Rham and Dolbeault are the best known, and the tangential Cauchy-Riemann operators. Basic geometric entities attached to those structures are isolated, such as maximally real submanifolds and orbits of the system. Treves discusses the existence, uniqueness, and approximation of local solutions to homogeneous and inhomogeneous equations and delimits their supports. The contents of this book consist of many results accumulated in the last decade by the author and his collaborators, but also include classical results, such as the Newlander-Nirenberg theorem. The reader will find an elementary description of the FBI transform, as well as examples of its use. Treves extends the main approximation and uniqueness results to first-order nonlinear equations by means of the Hamiltonian lift.

Originally published in 1993.

The Princeton Legacy Library uses the latest print-on-demand technology to again make available previously out-of-print books from the distinguished backlist of Princeton University Press. These paperback editions preserve the original texts of these important books while presenting them in durable paperback editions. The goal of the Princeton Legacy Library is to vastly increase access to the rich scholarly heritage found in the thousands of books published by Princeton University Press since its founding in 1905.