This title provides an overview of nine coastal and fisheries co-management case studies in South Africa. The approach used in this title reflects the worldwide trend to implement models which utilise local user groups in the management of coastal and fisheries resources. The title outlines the concepts and theoretical underpinnings of co-management and it examines the policy and legal framework governing coastal and fisheries resource management in southern Africa. This title aims to enhance our understanding of the status of co-management in South Africa and to provide policy makers, resource managers and researchers with information on the concept and practice of implementing co-management. It examines the conditions needed to ensure successful co-management, the positive outcomes of adopting this approach, the principle challenges, comparisons with international experience and the viability of implementing coastal and fisheries co-management for South Africa.

This book is the first to present in a systematic manner the application of game theory to fisheries management at both international and national levels. Strategic interaction among fishers and nations exploiting fishery resources is an inescapable fact of life. This has long been recognized at the international level, and is becoming increasingly recognized at the national/regional level. It follows, therefore, that, in order to be able to analyse effectively the management of these resources, the theory of strategic interaction game theory must be brought to bear. In this book the step-by-step development of the game theory is accompanied by numerous applications to the real world of fisheries management policy. As such, it is designed to appeal to policy makers and stakeholders, as well as to graduate students in Economics.

This report summarizes the four-day symposium organized as part of the 2019 annual meeting of the ICES-FAO Working Group on Fishing Technology and Fish Behaviour (WGFTFB). The symposium focused on: (i) abandoned, lost and otherwise discarded fishing gear, as well as measures to prevent it and mitigate its impact; (ii) interactions of protected species in capture fisheries; (iii) light, fish behaviour and fishing; (iv) technology and management to reduce bycatch and discards; (v) selectivity of fishing gear; means and methods; (vi) new technologies for fisheries research and education; (vii) energy, technology, analysis and simulation; and (viii) Chinese fisheries-status, challenges and future.The symposium provided an opportunity for fishing technologists and other experts from ICES member countries to exchange knowledge and ideas with contemporaries from around the world, especially from non-member countries in Asia and Latin America. Many new research findings and examples from field tests of gear were presented, including ways to systematically collect and recycle used fishing gear, options to reduce bycatch in trawl fisheries through modifications to the gear, fuel efficiency gains in fisheries through lighter gear, technologies to monitor fish behaviour with underwater cameras on fishing gear, and many other innovations. The 2019 meeting, hosted by FAO in close collaboration with the Shanghai Ocean University, was attended by more than 120 fishing technologists, scientists and other stakeholders, representing 23 countries from Europe, North America, Latin America and the Caribbean, and Asia.

En la edicion de 2020 de El estado mundial de la pesca y la acuicultura se hace especialmente hincapie en la sostenibilidad. Esto refleja una serie de consideraciones especificas. Primero, en 2020 se celebra el 25. aniversario del Codigo de Conducta para la Pesca Responsable (en adelante, "el Codigo"). En segundo lugar, varios indicadores de los Objetivos de Desarrollo Sostenible deben alcanzarse en 2020. Tercero, la FAO acogio el Simposio Internacional sobre la Sostenibilidad de la Pesca a finales de 2019; y, en cuarto lugar, en 2020 se finalizaran las directrices especificas de la FAO sobre el crecimiento sostenible de la acuicultura y sobre la sostenibilidad social a lo largo de las cadenas de valor. Si bien la Parte 1 mantiene el formato de las ediciones anteriores, se ha revisado la estructura del resto de la publicacion. La Parte 2 se abre con una seccion especial relativa al 25. aniversario del Codigo. Tambien se centra en las cuestiones que han pasado a primer plano, en particular aquellas relacionadas con el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible 14 y sus indicadores, de los que la FAO es el organismo "responsable". Ademas, la Parte 2 abarca diversos aspectos de la sostenibilidad de la pesca y la acuicultura. Los temas tratados son muy variados, desde sistemas de datos e informacion hasta contaminacion de los oceanos, la legalidad de los productos, los derechos de los usuarios y la adaptacion al cambio climatico. La Parte 3 es ahora la ultima parte de la publicacion, y abarca previsiones y cuestiones emergentes como nuevas tecnologias y la bioseguridad de la acuicultura. Se concluye esbozando los pasos hacia una nueva vision de la pesca de captura. La publicacion El estado mundial de la pesca y la acuicultura tiene como finalidad proporcionar informacion objetiva, fiable y actualizada para una amplia variedad de lectores que incluye responsables de la formulacion de politicas, administradores, cientificos, partes interesadas y todas las personas que tengan interes en el sector de la pesca y la acuicultura.

This Code provides user-friendly background information and guidance for the development of fish and shellfish process management systems that incorporate good manufacturing practice (GMP) as well as Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Point (HACCP) practices in countries where such measures have not yet been developed. In addition, it could be used in the training of fishers and employees in the fish and shellfish processing industries.As demands for production increase, the fisheries sector will continue to face environmental challenges and will be required to adopt policy and management practices that are able to harness technical developments and innovation to ensure business development and trade while limiting food waste or loss. This Code can ensure that products sold on national or international markets meet the requirements of international standards, protecting health and facilitating trade.The Code will assist all those engaged in the handling and production of fish and fishery products, or concerned with their storage, distribution, export, import and sale, in attaining safe and wholesome products that can be sold on national or international markets and meet the requirements of Codex standards.

La FAO ha promovido el Enfoque Ecosistemico Pesquero (EEP) como una aproximacion holistica deseable para mejorar la situacion critica de la pesca a nivel mundial. A pesar de su amplia aceptacion, se desconoce el grado en que la adopcion del EEP se ha traducido en cambios reales en los sistemas de gestion. Esta publicacion analiza siete pesquerias en America del Sur que intentaron desarrollar sistemas de manejo de acuerdo con los principios basicos del EEP. En ella, por un lado, se identifican los principales factores desencadenantes que llevaron a cambios en las politicas de ordenacion, asi como las condiciones contextuales preexistentes propicias para el logro de pesquerias exitosas. Y ademas, se extraen lecciones aprendidas que potenciarian la implementacion de un EEP, y se analiza el rol de factores condicionantes externos, en especial el clima, los mercados y la gobernanza, en el desempeno de los sistemas pesqueros. Por ultimo, se analizan potenciales medidas de adaptacion y mitigacion para lidiar con estos factores condicionantes en las diferentes etapas del ciclo de manejo, asi como para aumentar la resiliencia de los sistemas pesqueros a largo plazo.

Off the Pacific coast of South America, nutrients mingle with cool waters rising from the ocean’s depths, creating one of the world’s most productive marine ecosystems: the Humboldt Current. When the region’s teeming populations of fish were converted into a key ingredient in animal feed—fishmeal—it fueled the revolution in chicken, hog, and fish farming that swept the United States and northern Europe after World War II. The Fishmeal Revolution explores industrialization along the Peru-Chile coast as fishmeal producers pulverized and exported unprecedented volumes of marine proteins to satisfy the growing taste for meat among affluent consumers in the Global North. A relentless drive to maximize profits from the sea occurred at the same time that Peru and Chile grappled with the challenge of environmental uncertainty and its potentially devastating impact. In this exciting new book, Kristin A. Wintersteen offers an important history and critique of the science and policy that shaped the global food industry.

Azenha do Mar is a fishing community on the southwest coast of Portugal. It came into existence around forty years ago, as an outcome of the abandonment of work in the fields and of propitious ecological conditions. This book looks at the migration processes since the founding of the community and how they relate to the social inequalities for property and labour which prevail today. The book also reflects upon the personal experience of the ethnographer in the field balancing the importance of methodology on the one hand and fieldwork as a research process on the other.

The 2020 edition of The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture has a particular focus on sustainability. This reflects a number of specific considerations. First, 2020 marks the twenty-fifth anniversary of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (the Code). Second, several Sustainable Development Goal indicators mature in 2020. Third, FAO hosted the International Symposium on Fisheries Sustainability in late 2019, and fourth, 2020 sees the finalization of specific FAO guidelines on sustainable aquaculture growth, and on social sustainability along value chains. While Part 1 retains the format of previous editions, the structure of the rest of the publication has been revised. Part 2 opens with a special section marking the twenty fifth anniversary of the Code. It also focuses on issues coming to the fore, in particular, those related to Sustainable Development Goal 14 and its indicators for which FAO is the "custodian" agency. In addition, Part 2 covers various aspects of fisheries and aquaculture sustainability. The topics discussed range widely, from data and information systems to ocean pollution, product legality, user rights and climate change adaptation. Part 3 now forms the final part of the publication, covering projections and emerging issues such as new technologies and aquaculture biosecurity. It concludes by outlining steps towards a new vision for capture fisheries. The State of World Fisheries and Aquaculture aims to provide objective, reliable and up-to-date information to a wide audience - policymakers, managers, scientists, stakeholders and indeed everyone interested in the fisheries and aquaculture sector.

This atlas aims to present sound approaches to maturity sampling for a wide range of Mediterranean species - including bony fish, cartilaginous fish, both oviparous and viviparous, crustaceans and cephalopods - based on an accurate determination of the different maturity stages. It includes macroscopic photos of gonads belonging to the main species and, for some, a validation-based histological analysis.

The 2018 edition of this biennial report emphasizes the fisheries and aquaculture sector's role in achieving the 2030 Agenda and measuring progress towards these goals.

British traditional working boats are famous - Morecambe Bay prawners, Manx luggers, Scots fifies and zulus, Lowestoft and Yarmouth drifters, Yorkshire cobles, Colchester smacks, Hastings beach boats, Brixham trawlers, and many others. Over a century ago, progressive fishermen began to install engines in their boats. Motor fishing boats have been part of our coastal scene since then. Local boatbuilders built local kinds of boat to suit each home port and its fisheries; examples include Cornish pilchard boats and long liners, Devon crabbers and beach boats, motor bawleys and cocklers, motor drifters and seiners, and the famous ring netters of the Clyde ports. These boats have gone or are fast disappearing. This book tells their story.

"Shifting Baselines" explores the real-world implications of a groundbreaking idea: we must understand the oceans of the past to protect the oceans of the future. In 1995, acclaimed marine biologist Daniel Pauly coined the term "shifting baselines" to describe a phenomenon of lowered expectations, in which each generation regards a progressively poorer natural world as normal. This seminal volume expands on Pauly's work, showing how skewed visions of the past have led to disastrous marine policies and why historical perspective is critical to revitalize fisheries and ecosystems.
Edited by marine ecologists Jeremy Jackson and Enric Sala, and historian Karen Alexander, the book brings together knowledge from disparate disciplines to paint a more realistic picture of past fisheries. The authors use case studies on the cod fishery and the connection between sardine and anchovy populations, among others, to explain various methods for studying historic trends and the intricate relationships between species. Subsequent chapters offer recommendations about both specific research methods and effective management. This practical information is framed by inspiring essays by Carl Safina and Randy Olson on a personal experience of shifting baselines and the importance of human stories in describing this phenomenon to a broad public.
While each contributor brings a different expertise to bear, all agree on the importance of historical perspective for effective fisheries management. Readers, from students to professionals, will benefit enormously from this informed hindsight.

An analysis of how responsive governance has shaped the evolution of global fisheries in cyclical patterns of depletion and rebuilding dubbed the "management treadmill." The oceans are heavily overfished, and the greatest challenges to effective fisheries management are not technical but political and economic. In this book, D. G. Webster describes how the political economy of fisheries has evolved and highlights patterns that are linked to sustainable transitions in specific fisheries. Grounded in the concept of responsive governance, Webster's interdisciplinary analysis goes beyond the conventional view of the "tragedy of the commons." Using her Action Cycle/Structural Context framework, she maps long-running patterns that cycle between depletion and rebuilding in a process that she terms the management treadmill. Webster documents the management treadmill in settings that range from small coastal fishing communities to international fisheries that span entire oceans. She identifies the profit disconnect, in which economic incentives are out of sync with sustainable use, and the power disconnect, in which those who experience the costs of overexploitation are politically marginalized. She examines how these disconnects shaped the economics of expansion and documents how political systems failed to prevent related cycles of serial resource depletion. Webster also traces the increasing use of restrictive management in response to worsening fisheries crises and the emergence of new, noncommercial interests that demand greater management but also generate substantial conflict. She finds that the management treadmill is speeding up with population growth and economic development, and so concludes that sustainable fisheries can only exist within a sustainable global economic system.

With the growth of the fishing industry, a number of changes should be taken to ensure that the activity will grow and prosper for many generations. The main current discussion with regard to the development and production of fisheries is the concern with the environment coupled with the search for new technologies. So grows the need to discuss the situation and seek improvements aimed at the sustainable development of the activity and prosperity for future generations. This way starts a different approach regarding the ecosystem with respect to fisheries production. The term "Ecosystem Approach to Fisheries" (EAF) was adopted by the FAO Technical Consultation on Ecosystem-based Fisheries Management held in 2002 (FAO, 2003). This term (EAF) is presented by Ward et al. (2002) as "an extension of conventional fisheries management recognizing more explicitly the interdependence between human well-being and ecosystem health and the need to maintain ecosystems productivity for present and future generations, e.g. conserving critical habitats, reducing pollution and degradation, minimizing waste, protecting endangered species". Currently, many terms are used to name and describe the same concept as: ecosystem-based fisheries management (EBFM), ecosystem approach to aquaculture (EAA), environmental management, biodiversity management and ecosystem approach. The ecosystem approach to fisheries seeks to understand the existing relations and their characteristics within the environment, with the objective of improving the management and use of resources by activity. In addition it is extremely important to consider the impact that fisheries production has been producing in each ecosystem and globally, so that decisions involving changes in management can be evaluated. In this context, the main objectives of this book is to present the current situation of the risks and challenges of fisheries production and its impact on the environment, as well as different management techniques already in use and the search for alternatives and improvements.

Following the removal of the gray whale from the Endangered Species list in 1994, the Makah tribe of northwest Washington State announced that they would revive their whale hunts; their relatives, the Nuu-chah-nulth Nation of British Columbia, shortly followed suit. Neither tribe had exercised their right to whale--in the case of the Makah, a right affirmed in their 1855 treaty with the federal government--since the gray whale had been hunted nearly to extinction by commercial whalers in the 1920s. The Makah whale hunt of 1999 was an event of international significance, connected to the worldwide struggle for aboriginal sovereignty and to the broader discourses of environmental sustainability, treaty rights, human rights, and animal rights. It was met with enthusiastic support and vehement opposition.

As a member of the Nuu-chah-nulth Nation, Charlotte Cote offers a valuable perspective on the issues surrounding indigenous whaling, past and present. Whaling served important social, economic, and ritual functions that have been at the core of Makah and Nuu-chah-nulth societies throughout their histories. Even as Native societies faced disease epidemics and federal policies that undermined their cultures, they remained connected to their traditions. The revival of whaling has implications for the physical, mental, and spiritual health of these Native communities today, Cote asserts. Whaling, she says, "defines who we are as a people."

Her analysis includes major Native studies and contemporary Native rights issues, and addresses environmentalism, animal rights activism, anti-treaty conservatism, and the public's expectations about what it means to be "Indian." These thoughtful critiques are intertwined with the author's personal reflections, family stories, and information from indigenous, anthropological, and historical sources to provide a bridge between cultures.

Charlotte Cote is associate professor of American Indian studies at the University of Washington.

"This work, by an Indigenous scholar who also has hereditary rights to particular kinds of information and who shares the traditions of her own family and community, makes a powerful contribution to Northwest Coast Indigenous and environmental history." -Coll Thrush, author of "Native Seattle: Stories from the Crossing-Over Place"

"An excellent and timely book that chronicles the revitalization of the honored whaling tradition among the Makah and Nuu-chah-nulth but also raises broader issues of eco-colonialism, identity, and self-determination within the cultural nexus and political ecology of modern environmentalism and indigenous hunting economies." -Thomas Thornton, author of "Being and Place among the Tlingit"

This edition of the State of World Fisheries and Acquaculture uses the latest official statistics to present a global analysis of trends in fish stocks, production, processing, utilization, trade and consumption. It also reports on the status of the world's fishing fleets and analyses the make-up of human engagement in the sector. It comes out in the wake of major international agreements: the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and the Paris Agreement on climate change. The publication therefore examines the likely impacts of these agreements on the fisheries and aquaculture sector, and the vital contribution that the sector must make in order to achieve their stated societal, economic and environmental aims.

This book discusses the harvesting, prevalence and benefits of tilapia and trout. Chapter One begins with a review of the risks and benefits of tilapia. Chapter Two provides a human health risk assessment of heavy metals in the consumption of the fish. Chapter Three studies the utilisation of by-products and waste generated from the tilapia processing industry. Chapter Four reviews thermal ecology of brown trout and the climate change challenge. Chapter Five examines reparative neurogenesis in the adult trout brain and peculiarity of development in the trout's brain cells in primary culture. Chapter Six focuses on the effects of plant-based feeds on the immune responses of rainbow trout.

Aquaculture - also known as fish or shellfish farming - refers to the breeding, rearing, and harvesting of plants and animals in all types of water environments including ponds, rivers, lakes, and the ocean. Researchers and aquaculture producers are “farming” all kinds of freshwater and marine species of fish, shellfish, and plants. Aquaculture produces food fish, sport fish, bait fish, ornamental fish, crustaceans, mollusks, algae, sea vegetables, and fish eggs. Aquaculture includes the production of seafood from hatchery fish and shellfish which are grown to market size in ponds, tanks, cages, or raceways. Stock restoration or “enhancement” is a form of aquaculture in which hatchery fish and shellfish are released into the wild to rebuild wild populations or coastal habitats such as oyster reefs. Aquaculture also includes the production of ornamental fish for the aquarium trade, and growing plant species used in a range of food, pharmaceutical, nutritional, and biotechnology products. Aquaculture is a relatively new industry in the western world as it’s only been in the last 30-40 years that it has become a major industry. Since the 1970’s, global aquaculture production has been growing rapidly at a rate of about 9% per year. Today, aquaculture produces at least 50% of the world’s seafood and will likely continue to grow its production into the foreseeable future as the demand for fish protein increases and the ability of wild fish stocks to meet the demand continues to dwindle due to overfishing and insufficient regulation. In fact, aquaculture is now the fastest-growing form of food production on the planet. Aquaculture is often called the “Blue Revolution” and carries the mantra that if you farm fish instead of catching them then you will relieve the pressure on wild stocks. This is the natural progression in food production and follows the terrestrial model where humans stopped hunting animals and started farming them in order to create a reliable food supply. However, there are limitations to the ideals of the “Blue Revolution” because pressure on wild fish stocks is only relieved if the same people that are catching the fish start farming them instead and if the fish that you are producing don’t require more wild fish to produce. This introductory covers issues associated with sustainable aquaculture development, culture systems, hatchery methods, and nutrition management.

The first large-scale study of the important, but as yet largely invisible, group of Icelandic women who live on the sea -- their lives, contributions, and knowledge. It is based on extensive historical research and fieldwork, including formal and informal discussions with hundreds of seawomen who fished from the 1950s to the present day. These women have held positions at all levels of the on-sea fishing industry, from skipper and engineer to deckhand and cook, in all sectors and tonnages of ships, and in all areas of the country. A rich historical record in Iceland has preserved accounts of helmswomen taking the tiller in the roughest weather, women consistently bringing in the best catches, female captains hiring all-female crews, and seawomen giving birth at sea or just upon reaching shore. The books narrative structure focuses on the womens voices, letting the realities and complexities of their lives come through lived experience. It will appeal to general readers interested in Iceland as a unique country with a booming tourist trade, in fishing, in stories of the sea and the people who live on it, in adventure, and in what happens when women work in a realm generally considered male-dominated. The author has collaborated with the Reykjavik Maritime Museum for the current exhibition on the seawomen of Iceland.

Globalization is a multidimensional issue, and its impacts on world resources cross and integrate environmental, economic, political and cultural boundaries. Over the last few decades, the push towards globalization has brought a new dimension in which managers of fisheries and water resources will need to operate, both at the local and global level of governance. In order to effectively address the future sustainability of these resources, it is critical to understand the driving factors of globalization and their effect on fisheries ecosystems and the people who depend on these resources for their cultural and societal well-being. This 2007 book discusses the social and political changes affecting fisheries, the changes to ecological processes due to direct and indirect impacts of globalization, the changing nature of the goods and services that fisheries ecosystems are able to provide, and the resultant changes in markets and economic assessment of our fishery resources.

Aquaculture is a fast growing sector with complex environmental, economic and social impacts. Assessment and monitoring of such impacts is essential for stakeholders in both the public and private sectors to conduct evidence-based policy-making and/or sector management. However, the lack of information and knowledge (especially quantitative indicators) about aquaculture sector performance has been a global and perennial issue. The issue is especially critical for regions with a less developed aquaculture sector (e.g., Africa). Nearly 30 experts from different countries attended the FAO Expert Workshop on Assessment and Monitoring of Aquaculture Sector Performance with the aim of discussing the methodologies and techniques of, and share global, regional and national experiences in, assessing and monitoring the performance of aquaculture. The workshop includes 28 presentations under 6 thematic topics by experts from various disciplines. A user-friendly tool called World Aquaculture Performance Indicators (WAPI) was presented in the workshop. Three working groups were established to discuss issues related to assessment and monitoring of aquaculture's social, economic and environmental performance. This report documents the information, knowledge and insights generated by the workshop

Este document ha sido elaborado con el objetivo de proporcionar informacion y orientaciones sobre la utilizacion de las areas marinas protegidas (AMP) en al ambito de las pesca. A medida que progresa la aplicacion de las AMP en el campo de las conservacion de las biodiversidad marina, muchas personas han sostenido que los aspectos pesqueros de las conservacion no han sido entendidos cabalmente o que dichos aspectos no siempres han sido tenidos en cuenta apropiadamente, y que se hacia necesario disponer de una guia especifica para este sector. En las presents orinetaciones se examinan concretamente los aspectos pesqueros de las AMP, pero se aborde tambien la interfaz entre ordenacion pesquera y conservacion de la biodiversidad, y se apoya la realizacion de AMP con objetivos multiples. Las oreintaciones se dividen en dos partes: en la primera, se estudian las definiciones y el context que es propio de las AMP y se proporciona informacion basica sobre la ordenacion pesquera, el enfoque ecosistemico de las pesca (EEP) y las AMP entendidas como herriamienta para la ordenacion pesquera, incluidas sus repercusiones socioeconomicas y biologicas. En la segunda, se analiza la planificacion y aplicacion de las AMP, compredido su entorno institucional, juridico y normative, el proceso de planificacion y los factores vinculados con la aplicacion efectiva de las areas protegidas. Las conclusions y orientaciones futuras se presentan en el ultimo capitulo de esa parte, mientras que en una seleccion de anexos se ofrece una informacion en profundidad acerca de algunos asuntos clave."

This book displays various topics related to current issues that seek to improve our understanding and strategies on the present and future of the tilapia culture. This book has gathered internationally known experts who have prepared original communications in different themes on the use and development of tilapia resources. Experiences related to culture, broodstock management, identifying plans, and technological reconversion strategies are presented; as well as evidence of acclimatisation in lake systems; additionally, there is a study on the expectations and use of tilapia skin among the chapters that will be of great interest to improve the opportunities for use of this singular resource. Also included is this book is an interesting and deep analysis on the possible competitive relations of tilapia resources, versus other fish species that emerge with extensive aquacultural expectations. This book will be of great use to the researcher, students who seek to have a deeper understanding about the various alternatives to implement plans for sustainable management of this unique resource and environment, and to farmers looking for alternative techniques and value to enable them to improve their production yields.

This publication contains the report of the session adopted by the Sub-Committee. They approved the draft terms of reference for an advisory working group on aquatic genetic resources and technologies and the draft evaluation framework assessing conformity of public and private certification schemes with the FAO technical guidelines on aquaculture certification.