This monograph is concerned with the interplay between the theory of operator semigroups and spectral theory. The basics on operator semigroups are concisely covered in this self-contained text. Part I deals with the Hille--Yosida and Lumer--Phillips characterizations of semigroup generators, the Trotter--Kato approximation theorem, Kato 's unified treatment of the exponential formula and the Trotter product formula, the Hille--Phillips perturbation theorem, and Stone 's representation of unitary semigroups. Part II explores generalizations of spectral theory 's connection to operator semigroups.

The literature on the spectral analysis of second order elliptic differential operators contains a great deal of information on the spectral functions for explicitly known spectra. The same is not true, however, for situations where the spectra are not explicitly known. Over the last several years, the author and his colleagues have developed new, innovative methods for the exact analysis of a variety of spectral functions occurring in spectral geometry and under external conditions in statistical mechanics and quantum field theory.

Spectral Functions in Mathematics and Physics presents a detailed overview of these advances. The author develops and applies methods for analyzing determinants arising when the external conditions originate from the Casimir effect, dielectric media, scalar backgrounds, and magnetic backgrounds. The zeta function underlies all of these techniques, and the book begins by deriving its basic properties and relations to the spectral functions. The author then uses those relations to develop and apply methods for calculating heat kernel coefficients, functional determinants, and Casimir energies. He also explores applications in the non-relativistic context, in particular applying the techniques to the Bose-Einstein condensation of an ideal Bose gas.

Self-contained and clearly written, Spectral Functions in Mathematics and Physics offers a unique opportunity to acquire valuable new techniques, use them in a variety of applications, and be inspired to make further advances.

This book provides an introduction to the theory and applications of point processes, both in time and in space. Presenting the two components of point process calculus, the martingale calculus and the Palm calculus, it aims to develop the computational skills needed for the study of stochastic models involving point processes, providing enough of the general theory for the reader to reach a technical level sufficient for most applications. Classical and not-so-classical models are examined in detail, including Poisson-Cox, renewal, cluster and branching (Kerstan-Hawkes) point processes.The applications covered in this text (queueing, information theory, stochastic geometry and signal analysis) have been chosen not only for their intrinsic interest but also because they illustrate the theory. Written in a rigorous but not overly abstract style, the book will be accessible to earnest beginners with a basic training in probability but will also interest upper graduate students and experienced researchers.

This volume collects together lectures presented at the Sixth International Conference held at the University of Ioannina, Greece, on p-adic functional analysis with applications in the fields of physics, differential equations, number theory, probability theory, dynamical systems, and algebraic number fields. It discusses the commutation relation AB-BA=I and its central role in quantum mechanics.

This book provides theories on non-parametric shape optimization problems, systematically keeping in mind readers with an engineering background. Non-parametric shape optimization problems are defined as problems of finding the shapes of domains in which boundary value problems of partial differential equations are defined. In these problems, optimum shapes are obtained from an arbitrary form without any geometrical parameters previously assigned. In particular, problems in which the optimum shape is sought by making a hole in domain are called topology optimization problems. Moreover, a problem in which the optimum shape is obtained based on domain variation is referred to as a shape optimization problem of domain variation type, or a shape optimization problem in a limited sense. Software has been developed to solve these problems, and it is being used to seek practical optimum shapes. However, there are no books explaining such theories beginning with their foundations. The structure of the book is shown in the Preface. The theorems are built up using mathematical results. Therefore, a mathematical style is introduced, consisting of definitions and theorems to summarize the key points. This method of expression is advanced as provable facts are clearly shown. If something to be investigated is contained in the framework of mathematics, setting up a theory using theorems prepared by great mathematicians is thought to be an extremely effective approach. However, mathematics attempts to heighten the level of abstraction in order to understand many things in a unified fashion. This characteristic may baffle readers with an engineering background. Hence in this book, an attempt has been made to provide explanations in engineering terms, with examples from mechanics, after accurately denoting the provable facts using definitions and theorems.

This book originates from the session "Harmonic Analysis and Partial Differential Equations" held at the 12th ISAAC Congress in Aveiro, and provides a quick overview over recent advances in partial differential equations with a particular focus on the interplay between tools from harmonic analysis, functional inequalities and variational characterisations of solutions to particular non-linear PDEs. It can serve as a useful source of information to mathematicians, scientists and engineers. The volume contains contributions of authors from a variety of countries on a wide range of active research areas covering different aspects of partial differential equations interacting with harmonic analysis and provides a state-of-the-art overview over ongoing research in the field. It shows original research in full detail allowing researchers as well as students to grasp new aspects and broaden their understanding of the area.

This volume is part of collection of contributions devoted to analytical and experimental techniques of dynamical systems, presented at the 15th International Conference "Dynamical Systems: Theory and Applications", held in Lodz, Poland on December 2-5, 2019. The wide selection of material has been divided into three volumes, each focusing on a different field of applications of dynamical systems. The broadly outlined focus of both the conference and these books includes bifurcations and chaos in dynamical systems, asymptotic methods in nonlinear dynamics, dynamics in life sciences and bioengineering, original numerical methods of vibration analysis, control in dynamical systems, optimization problems in applied sciences, stability of dynamical systems, experimental and industrial studies, vibrations of lumped and continuous systems, non-smooth systems, engineering systems and differential equations, mathematical approaches to dynamical systems, and mechatronics.

Three classes of Fourier transforms are presented: Fourier (Laplace) transforms on the halfline, Fourier transforms of measures with compact support and Fourier transforms of rapidly decreasing functions (on whole line). The focus is on the behaviour of Fourier transforms in the region of analyticity and the distribution of their zeros. Applications of results are presented: approximation by exponentials on the finite interval; behavior of the nonharmonic Fourier series; MA1/4ntz-Szasz's problem of approximation by powers on unit interval; approximation by weighted exponentials on whole line.

Considering that the motion of strings with finitely many masses on them is described by difference equations, this book presents the spectral theory of such problems on finite graphs of strings. The direct problem of finding the eigenvalues as well as the inverse problem of finding strings with a prescribed spectrum are considered. This monograph gives a comprehensive and self-contained account on the subject, thereby also generalizing known results. The interplay between the representation of rational functions and their zeros and poles is at the center of the methods used. The book also unravels connections between finite dimensional and infinite dimensional spectral problems on graphs, and between self-adjoint and non-self-adjoint finite-dimensional problems. This book is addressed to researchers in spectral theory of differential and difference equations as well as physicists and engineers who may apply the presented results and methods to their research.

This proceedings volume features selected contributions from the conference Positivity X. The field of positivity deals with ordered mathematical structures and their applications. At the biannual series of Positivity conferences, the latest developments in this diverse field are presented. The 2019 edition was no different, with lectures covering a broad spectrum of topics, including vector and Banach lattices and operators on such spaces, abstract stochastic processes in an ordered setting, the theory and applications of positive semi-groups to partial differential equations, Hilbert geometries, positivity in Banach algebras and, in particular, operator algebras, as well as applications to mathematical economics and financial mathematics. The contributions in this book reflect the variety of topics discussed at the conference. They will be of interest to researchers in functional analysis, operator theory, measure and integration theory, operator algebras, and economics. Positivity X was dedicated to the memory of our late colleague and friend, Coenraad Labuschagne. His untimely death in 2018 came as an enormous shock to the Positivity community. He was a prominent figure in the Positivity community and was at the forefront of the recent development of abstract stochastic processes in a vector lattice context.

This multidisciplinary volume is the second in the STEAM-H series to feature invited contributions on mathematical applications in naval engineering. Seeking a more holistic approach that transcends current scientific boundaries, leading experts present interdisciplinary instruments and models on a broad range of topics. Each chapter places special emphasis on important methods, research directions, and applications of analysis within the field. Fundamental scientific and mathematical concepts are applied to topics such as microlattice materials in structural dynamics, acoustic transmission in low Mach number liquid flow, differential cavity ventilation on a symmetric airfoil, Kalman smoother, metallic foam metamaterials for vibration damping and isolation, seal whiskers as a bio-inspired model for the reduction of vortex-induced vibrations, multidimensional integral for multivariate weighted generalized Gaussian distributions, minimum uniform search track placement for rectangular regions, antennas in the maritime environment, the destabilizing impact of non-performers in multi-agent groups, inertial navigation accuracy with bias modeling. Carefully peer-reviewed and pedagogically presented for a broad readership, this volume is perfect to graduate and postdoctoral students interested in interdisciplinary research. Researchers in applied mathematics and sciences will find this book an important resource on the latest developments in naval engineering. In keeping with the ideals of the STEAM-H series, this volume will certainly inspire interdisciplinary understanding and collaboration.

This book presents the probabilistic methods around Hardy martingales for an audience interested in their applications to complex, harmonic, and functional analysis. Building on work of Bourgain, Garling, Jones, Maurey, Pisier, and Varopoulos, it discusses in detail those martingale spaces that reflect characteristic qualities of complex analytic functions. Its particular themes are holomorphic random variables on Wiener space, and Hardy martingales on the infinite torus product, and numerous deep applications to the geometry and classification of complex Banach spaces, e.g., the SL estimates for Doob's projection operator, the embedding of L1 into L1/H1, the isomorphic classification theorem for the polydisk algebras, or the real variables characterization of Banach spaces with the analytic Radon Nikodym property. Due to the inclusion of key background material on stochastic analysis and Banach space theory, it's suitable for a wide spectrum of researchers and graduate students working in classical and functional analysis.

This self-contained monograph unifies theorems, applications and problem solving techniques of matrix inequalities. In addition to the frequent use of methods from Functional Analysis, Operator Theory, Global Analysis, Linear Algebra, Approximations Theory, Difference and Functional Equations and more, the reader will also appreciate techniques of classical analysis and algebraic arguments, as well as combinatorial methods. Subjects such as operator Young inequalities, operator inequalities for positive linear maps, operator inequalities involving operator monotone functions, norm inequalities, inequalities for sector matrices are investigated thoroughly throughout this book which provides an account of a broad collection of classic and recent developments. Detailed proofs for all the main theorems and relevant technical lemmas are presented, therefore interested graduate and advanced undergraduate students will find the book particularly accessible. In addition to several areas of theoretical mathematics, Matrix Analysis is applicable to a broad spectrum of disciplines including operations research, mathematical physics, statistics, economics, and engineering disciplines. It is hoped that graduate students as well as researchers in mathematics, engineering, physics, economics and other interdisciplinary areas will find the combination of current and classical results and operator inequalities presented within this monograph particularly useful.

Boris Pavlov (1936-2016), to whom this volume is dedicated, was a prominent specialist in analysis, operator theory, and mathematical physics. As one of the most influential members of the St. Petersburg Mathematical School, he was one of the founders of the Leningrad School of Non-self-adjoint Operators. This volume collects research papers originating from two conferences that were organized in memory of Boris Pavlov: "Spectral Theory and Applications", held in Stockholm, Sweden, in March 2016, and "Operator Theory, Analysis and Mathematical Physics - OTAMP2016" held at the Euler Institute in St. Petersburg, Russia, in August 2016. The volume also includes water-color paintings by Boris Pavlov, some personal photographs, as well as tributes from friends and colleagues.

This book offers a user friendly, hands-on, and systematic introduction to applied and computational harmonic analysis: to Fourier analysis, signal processing and wavelets; and to their interplay and applications. The approach is novel, and the book can be used in undergraduate courses, for example, following a first course in linear algebra, but is also suitable for use in graduate level courses. The book will benefit anyone with a basic background in linear algebra. It defines fundamental concepts in signal processing and wavelet theory, assuming only a familiarity with elementary linear algebra. No background in signal processing is needed. Additionally, the book demonstrates in detail why linear algebra is often the best way to go. Those with only a signal processing background are also introduced to the world of linear algebra, although a full course is recommended. The book comes in two versions: one based on MATLAB, and one on Python, demonstrating the feasibility and applications of both approaches. Most of the MATLAB code is available interactively. The applications mainly involve sound and images. The book also includes a rich set of exercises, many of which are of a computational nature.

The scattering theory for transport phenomena was initiated by P. Lax and R. Phillips in 1967. Since then, great progress has been made in the field and the work has been ongoing for more than half a century. This book shows part of that progress. The book is divided into 7 chapters, the first of which deals with preliminaries of the theory of semigroups and C*-algebra, different types of semigroups, Schatten-von Neuman classes of operators, and facts about ultraweak operator topology, with examples using wavelet theory. Chapter 2 goes into abstract scattering theory in a general Banach space. The wave and scattering operators and their basic properties are defined. Some abstract methods such as smooth perturbation and the limiting absorption principle are also presented. Chapter 3 is devoted to the transport or linearized Boltzmann equation, and in Chapter 4 the Lax and Phillips formalism is introduced in scattering theory for the transport equation. In their seminal book, Lax and Phillips introduced the incoming and outgoing subspaces, which verify their representation theorem for a dissipative hyperbolic system initially and also matches for the transport problem. By means of these subspaces, the Lax and Phillips semigroup is defined and it is proved that this semigroup is eventually compact, hence hyperbolic. Balanced equations give rise to two transport equations, one of which can satisfy an advection equation and one of which will be nonautonomous. For generating, the Howland semigroup and Howland's formalism must be used, as shown in Chapter 5. Chapter 6 is the highlight of the book, in which it is explained how the scattering operator for the transport problem by using the albedo operator can lead to recovery of the functionality of computerized tomography in medical science. The final chapter introduces the Wigner function, which connects the Schroedinger equation to statistical physics and the Husimi distribution function. Here, the relationship between the Wigner function and the quantum dynamical semigroup (QDS) can be seen.

In this extensive work, the authors give a complete self-contained exposition on the subject of classic function theory and the most recent developments in transcendental iteration. They clearly present the theory of iteration of transcendental functions and their analytic and geometric aspects. Attention is concentrated for the first time on the dynamics of transcendental functions to compliment the growing body of work on rational functions. The subjects covered in detail include the fixed point theory, basic properties of Fatou and Julia sets, components of Fatou sets, the geometry of Julia sets, and the Hausdorff dimension of the Julia set.

This textbook provides an introduction to representations of general -algebras by unbounded operators on Hilbert space, a topic that naturally arises in quantum mechanics but has so far only been properly treated in advanced monographs aimed at researchers. The book covers both the general theory of unbounded representation theory on Hilbert space as well as representations of important special classes of -algebra, such as the Weyl algebra and enveloping algebras associated to unitary representations of Lie groups. A broad scope of topics are treated in book form for the first time, including group graded -algebras, the transition probability of states, Archimedean quadratic modules, noncommutative Positivstellensatze, induced representations, well-behaved representations and representations on rigged modules. Making advanced material accessible to graduate students, this book will appeal to students and researchers interested in advanced functional analysis and mathematical physics, and with many exercises it can be used for courses on the representation theory of Lie groups and its application to quantum physics. A rich selection of material and bibliographic notes also make it a valuable reference.

This book presents a systematic treatment of the Rademacher system, one of the most important unifying concepts in mathematics, and includes a number of recent important and beautiful results related to the Rademacher functions. The book discusses the relationship between the properties of the Rademacher system and geometry of some function spaces. It consists of three parts, in which this system is considered respectively in Lp-spaces, in general symmetric spaces and in certain classes of non-symmetric spaces (BMO, Paley, Cesaro, Morrey). The presentation is clear and transparent, providing all main results with detailed proofs. Moreover, literary and historical comments are given at the end of each chapter. This book will be suitable for graduate students and researchers interested in functional analysis, theory of functions and geometry of Banach spaces.

This book discusses basic topics in the spectral theory of dynamical systems. It also includes two advanced theorems, one by H. Helson and W. Parry, and another by B. Host. Moreover, Ornstein's family of mixing rank-one automorphisms is given with construction and proof. Systems of imprimitivity and their relevance to ergodic theory are also examined. Baire category theorems of ergodic theory, scattered in literature, are discussed in a unified way in the book. Riesz products are introduced and applied to describe the spectral types and eigenvalues of rank-one automorphisms. Lastly, the second edition includes a new chapter "Calculus of Generalized Riesz Products", which discusses the recent work connecting generalized Riesz products, Hardy classes, Banach's problem of simple Lebesgue spectrum in ergodic theory and flat polynomials.

This book introduces readers to the fundamentals of transportation problems under the fuzzy environment and its extensions. It also discusses the limitations and drawbacks of (1) recently proposed aggregation operators under the fuzzy environment and its various extensions; (2) recently proposed methods for solving transportation problems under the fuzzy environment; and (3) recently proposed methods for solving transportation problems under the intuitionistic fuzzy environment. In turn, the book proposes simplified methods to overcome these limitations.

The research of Jonathan Borwein has had a profound impact on optimization, functional analysis, operations research, mathematical programming, number theory, and experimental mathematics. Having authored more than a dozen books and more than 300 publications, Jonathan Borwein is one of the most productive Canadian mathematicians ever. His research spans pure, applied, and computational mathematics as well as high performance computing, and continues to have an enormous impact: MathSciNet lists more than 2500 citations by more than 1250 authors, and Borwein is one of the 250 most cited mathematicians of the period 1980-1999. He has served the Canadian Mathematics Community through his presidency (2000-02) as well as his 15 years of editing the CMS book series. Jonathan Borwein's vision and initiative have been crucial in initiating and developing several institutions that provide support for researchers with a wide range of scientific interests. A few notable examples include the Centre for Experimental and Constructive Mathematics and the IRMACS Centre at Simon Fraser University, the Dalhousie Distributed Research Institute at Dalhousie University, the Western Canada Research Grid, and the Centre for Computer Assisted Research Mathematics and its Applications, University of Newcastle. The workshops that were held over the years in Dr. Borwein's honor attracted high-caliber scientists from a wide range of mathematical fields. This present volume is an outgrowth of the workshop on 'Computational and Analytical Mathematics' held in May 2011 in celebration of Dr. Borwein's 60th Birthday. The collection contains various state-of-the-art research manuscripts and surveys presenting contributions that have risen from the conference, and is an excellent opportunity to survey state-of-the-art research and discuss promising research directions and approaches.

John J. Benedetto has had a profound influence not only on the direction of harmonic analysis and its applications, but also on the entire community of people involved in the field. The chapters in this volume - compiled on the occasion of his 80th birthday - are written by leading researchers in the field and pay tribute to John's many significant and lasting achievements. Covering a wide range of topics in harmonic analysis and related areas, these chapters are organized into four main parts: harmonic analysis, wavelets and frames, sampling and signal processing, and compressed sensing and optimization. An introductory chapter also provides a brief overview of John's life and mathematical career. This volume will be an excellent reference for graduate students, researchers, and professionals in pure and applied mathematics, engineering, and physics.

An important class of integral expansions generated by Sturm-Liouville theory involving spherical harmonics is commonly known as Mehler-Fock integral transforms. In this book, a number of integral expansions of such type have been established rigorously. As applications, integral expansions of some simple function are also obtained.

This book summarizes the basic theory of wavelets and some related algorithms in an easy-to-understand language from the perspective of an engineer rather than a mathematician. In this book, the wavelet solution schemes are systematically established and introduced for solving general linear and nonlinear initial boundary value problems in engineering, including the technique of boundary extension in approximating interval-bounded functions, the calculation method for various connection coefficients, the single-point Gaussian integration method in calculating the coefficients of wavelet expansions and unique treatments on nonlinear terms in differential equations. At the same time, this book is supplemented by a large number of numerical examples to specifically explain procedures and characteristics of the method, as well as detailed treatments for specific problems. Different from most of the current monographs focusing on the basic theory of wavelets, it focuses on the use of wavelet-based numerical methods developed by the author over the years. Even for the necessary basic theory of wavelet in engineering applications, this book is based on the author's own understanding in plain language, instead of a relatively difficult professional mathematical description. This book is very suitable for students, researchers and technical personnel who only want to need the minimal knowledge of wavelet method to solve specific problems in engineering.