Political economists have viewed large public expenditures as a product of leftist government and the expression of a stronger representation of labor interest. The formation of governments' funding bases is a topic that has not been thoroughly explored, and this book sheds important new light on the issue of taxes and welfare. Beginning with a clarification of the development of postwar tax policies in industrial democracies, Junko Kato finds that the differentiation of tax revenue structure is path dependent upon the shift to regressive taxation. Kato challenges the conventional belief that progressive taxation leads to large public expenditures in mature welfare states.

This comprehensive overview of the political role of the Russian military (from Peter the Great's time in 1689 to the present) reveals why Russia has not experienced a successful military coup in over two centuries. Including materials from archives and interviews, the book covers the Imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet periods through detailed analysis of some of the most important events in Russian political history.

This comprehensive overview of the political role of the Russian military (from Peter the Great's time in 1689 to the present) reveals why Russia has not experienced a successful military coup in over two centuries. Including materials from archives and interviews, the book covers the Imperial, Soviet, and post-Soviet periods through detailed analysis of some of the most important events in Russian political history.

On January 2, 1678, a fleet of French ships sank off the Venezuelan coast. This proved disastrous for French naval power in the region, and sparked the rise of a golden age of piracy.

Tracing the lives of fabled pirates like the Chevalier de Grammont, Nikolaas Van Hoorn, Thomas Paine, and Jean Comte d'Estrées, The Lost Fleet portrays a dark age, when the outcasts of European society formed a democracy of buccaneers, settling on a string of islands off the African coast. From there, the pirates haunted the world's oceans, wreaking havoc on the settlements along the Spanish mainland and -- often enlisted by French and English governments -- sacking ships, ports, and coastal towns.

More than three hundred years later, writer, explorer, and deep-sea diver Barry Clifford follows the pirates' destructive wake back to Venezuela. With the help of a lost map, drawn by the captain of the lost French fleet, Clifford locates the site of the disaster and wreckage of the once-mighty armada.

A is for Activism, B is for Ballots, C is for Country. An ABC of Democracy introduces complicated concepts surrounding politics and government to the youngest of children. Everyone has the right to be treated fairly, no matter who they are, what they look like, or where they come from. From A to Z, simple explanations accompanied by engaging artwork teach children about the world we live in and how to navigate our way through it. Each right-hand page includes a brightly decorated letter with the word it stands for and an encouraging slogan. On the left, a colourful illustration and bite-size text sum up the concept. Cheerful people from a range of backgrounds, ethnicities and abilities lead the way through the alphabet. F is for Freedom. We all deserve to be free to choose. N is for Need. Democracy needs everyone's participation to run at its best. Q is for Questions. Go ahead and ask! V is for Voting. Everyone should be able to have their say. A follow-up to the bestselling An ABC of Equality, this beautiful book will teach the youngest of readers about liberty and justice for all.

As conscientious consumers, we have become overwhelmed with alarms about food contamination, over-fishing, clear-felled forests, loss of biodiversity, climate change, chemical pollution, and other environmental and health-related risks. This book is an analysis of a primary set of tools aimed at dealing with these risks: green labels and other eco-standards. The authors address political, regulatory, discursive, and organizational circumstances and raise the questions: how can ecological complexities be translated into a trustworthy and categorical label? Is there a mismatch between the production and consumption of green labels? Is it possible to achieve broad public participation in environmental issues through labelling? This is a timely book that provides a social and policy-oriented analysis of the challenges for green consumerism through green labelling.

Breakfast varies from country to country, but it's how all children begin their day. Explore the meals of twelve countries in this playful approach to the world!

From Australia to India to the USA, come travel around the world at dawn. Children everywhere are waking up to breakfast. In Japan, students eat soured soybeans called natto. In Brazil, even kids drink coffee--with lots of milk! With rhythm and rhymes and bold, graphic art, Pancakes to Parathas invites young readers to explore the world through the most important meal of the day.

Nelson Mandela comes to life in this portrait of a diplomatic man whose commitment to freedom gained him both the Nobel Peace Prize and Time's Man of the Year honor. The son of a Thembu chief in South Africa, Mandela began his life-long campaign against white colonial rule while a college student. Kramer's eloquent, yet approachable text describes the leader's dedication to nonviolence, his role in the African National Congress and his arrest in 1962 for sabotage and conspiracy. During his 27 years in prison, Mandela continued his fight for a democratic and free society, and ultimately was released and elected president of South Africa. National Geographic supports K-12 educators with ELA Common Core Resources. Visit www.natgeoed.org/commoncore for more information.

Globalisation and global human rights are the two major forces in the twenty-first century which are likely to shape the sort of learner citizen created by the educational system. Schools will be expected to prepare young men and women for national as well as global citizenship. Male and female citizens will need to adapt to new social conditions, only some of which will encourage gender equality. This book offers a unique introduction to the contribution that sociological research on the education of the citizen can make to these national and global debates. It brings together for the first time a selection of influential new and previously published papers by Madeleine Arnot on the theme of gender, education and citizenship. It describes feminist challenges to liberal democracy, the gendered construction of the 'good citizen' and citizenship education; it explores the implications of social change for the learner citizen and offers alternative gender-sensitive models of global citizenship education. Reaching right to the heart of current debates, the chapters focus on: feminist democratic values in education teachers' constructions of the gendered citizen European languages of citizenship the inclusion of women's rights into English citizenship textbooks gender struggles for equality in school pedagogy and curriculum the implications of personalised learning for the individualised learner citizen globalisation and the construction of a global ethic for citizenship education . It will be an invaluable text for all those interested in citizenship education, gender studies, sociology of education, educational policy studies, critical pedagogy and curriculum studies and international or comparative education.

This well-written narrative, concise but packed with history, chronicles the struggle for African American civil rights. Beginning in 1619 when the first ship carrying Africans arrived in North America and continuing to the present, historian Michael L. Levine gives readers a balanced overview of how U.S. laws have prevented blacks from having the same civil rights as others. The text is accompanied by 65 detailed biographical sketches that describe the roles played by key individuals who worked to advance--or block--the civil rights of African Americans.

This title examines all issues concerned with legal ethics. Part one looks at lawyers' ethics including professionalism and the English legal profession and professional regulation. Part two addresses specific topics in legal ethics including confidentiality, criminal defence and prosecution, counselling, negotiation and conflict of interest.

This Handbook outlines the current state of research in social studies education - a complex, dynamic, challenging field with competing perspectives about appropriate goals, and on-going conflict over the content of the curriculum. Equally important, it encourages new research in order to advance the field and foster civic competence; long maintained by advocates for the social studies as a fundamental goal. In considering how to organize the Handbook, the editors searched out definitions of social studies, statements of purpose, and themes that linked (or divided) theory, research, and practices and established criteria for topics to include. Each chapter meets one or more of these criteria: research activity since the last Handbook that warrants a new analysis, topics representing a major emphasis in the NCSS standards, and topics reflecting an emerging or reemerging field within the social studies. The volume is organized around seven themes: Change and Continuity in Social Studies Civic Competence in Pluralist Democracies Social Justice and the Social Studies Assessment and Accountability Teaching and Learning in the Disciplines Information Ecologies: Technology in the Social Studies Teacher Preparation and Development The Handbook of Research in Social Studies is a must-have resource for all beginning and experienced researchers in the field.

What makes the Social sciences Today course unique? A wide range of visual and textual sources to illustrate and support the content are included in the learner's book; develops visual literacy - activities are based on the text as well as artwork; activities are scaffolded and progressively extend learners through the phase; the teacher's guide provides sufficient guidance on how to complete activities and practical guidelines on how to teach content and assist learners. Trust Today to be up-to-date and fresh for the classroom: Opportunities for revision, exam practice and assessment throughout; develops language skills alongside subject knowledge; all content is fully CAPS-compliant. Your easy-to-use complete classroom solution! Today, for successful teaching tomorrow.

Blood, Bullets, and Bones provides young readers with a fresh and fascinating look at the ever-evolving science of forensics.

Since the introduction of DNA testing, forensic science has been in the forefront of the public’s imagination, thanks especially to popular television shows like CSI: Crime Scene Investigation. But forensic analysis has been practiced for thousands of years. Ancient Chinese detectives studied dead bodies for signs of foul play, and in Victorian England, officials used crime scene photography and criminal profiling to investigate the Jack the Ripper murders. In the intervening decades, forensic science has evolved to use the most cutting-edge, innovative techniques and technologies.

In this book, acclaimed author Bridget Heos uses real-life cases to tell the history of modern forensic science, from the first test for arsenic poisoning to fingerprinting, firearm and blood spatter analysis, DNA evidence, and all the important milestones in between. By turns captivating and shocking, Blood, Bullets, and Bones demonstrates the essential role forensic science has played in our criminal justice system.

These colourful and vibrant titles take A Look at Life Around the World. Young readers can explore how other people work play learn and live in this diverse and informative series.|These colourful and vibrant titles take A Look at Life Around the World. Young readers can explore how other people work play learn and live in this diverse and informative series.

For hundreds of years, psychologists, researchers, and philosophers have studied what compels people to lie. From the little white lies that are told to spare someone's feelings, to the whoppers that are told to gain attention, telling lies is part of human behavior. The question remains--what drives people to lie? Packed with fun facts and fascinating sidebars, this full-color informational text examines contemporary issues and the topic of deception through high-interest content. Featuring TIME content and images, this nonfiction book has text features such as a glossary, an index, and a table of contents to engage students in reading as they build their comprehension, vocabulary, and reading skills. The Reader's Guide and extended Try It! activity increase understanding of the material, and develop higher-order thinking. Check It Out! offers print and online resources for additional reading. Keep students reading from cover to cover with this captivating text!