The study lays bare the cross-language principles governing semantic innovation. The theoretical approach builds a) on a semantic/semiotic model integrating conceptual knowledge and language knowledge, and b) the associative principles similarity, contrast and contiguity. On this basis it is possible to chart and typologize the development potentials and the linguistic processes determining meaning change over time. In addition, an entirely new systematization of language-user motives for semantic innovation is advanced and polysemy is discussed as a synchronic representation of meaning change.

The Phraseological Dictionary of Middle High German contains phrasemes, i.e., proverbs, idioms, formulaic greeting and farewell expressions, imprecations, standardized pairings (like 'good and bad'), and other firmly established word-combinations, arranged in alphabetical order under different headings. The material is drawn from several hundred texts dating from the period 1050-1350, Minnesang, heroic epics, Arthurian romance, non-fictional literature, etc. The dictionary proper is preceded by a study on the identification, classification, and lexicographic description of established word-combinations in historical texts.

On the basis of a corpus of chronicles from the 13th, 14th and 15th centuries, the study elaborates a discourse-functional model to describe the development of subject-verb order in Old Spanish, proceeding from there to trace subsequent developments up to the present day. Part I revolves around a critical application of this "Thetic-Categorical Model" to modern Spanish and an attempt to elaborate the model further. Part II is a systematic grammatical analysis of subject-verb order in Old Spanish affirmative sentences. In Part III the findings thus obtained are worked into a general linguistic theory of word-order typology and evolution.

Printed in 1991, this volume is the first Mahican and English dictionary. It is based on the Moravian variety or dialect of Mahican, circa 1755, as opposed to the Stockbridge dialect recorded in Wisconsin as late as 1914 by Michelson and 1935 and 1937 by Siebert. Mahican was an important language because its speakers were at one time in a relatively dominant leading position in New eEngland and New York.

American English has many word pairs and trios that are alike enough to be confusing. Word Choice Errors provides a novel way to empower writers of all levels to cut through the confusion to understand which word to use and why that's the word to use. Written in a user-friendly style, grounded in descriptive linguistics methods, and eschewing memorization, this book trains writers to detect, interpret, and act on language clues - with exercises, "wild idea" analytical tricks, and additional resources throughout. It is an excellent resource for instructors and students of grammar or writing/rhetoric, as well as for individuals looking to develop their language and writing skills.

This second volume of the Trukese-English Dictionary supplements the first one, published in 1980. It provides an English-Trukese index, or finderlist, for the Trukese-English of the first volume an a concordance of roots, including what appear to be complex words that cannot be analyzed into constiuent elements.

Das Arbeitsheft bietet eine systematische Zusammenfassung der wichtigsten Ansatze, Methoden und Kategorien der sprachgermanistischen historischen Dialogforschung. Nach einem detaillierten UEberblick uber Gegenstandsbereiche, Erkenntnisinteressen und Forschungsstand und im Anschluss an ein Kapitel zur Quellenkunde und Quellenkritik werden die drei bedeutendsten Ansatze vor dem Hintergrund der Forschung kritisch referiert und an zahlreichen Beispielen- vom "Hildebrandlied" bis hin zu Chat und E-Mail- veranschaulicht: die ethnomethodologisch orientierte, induktiv operierende historische Gesprachsanalyse, die sprechakttheoretisch orientierte, deduktiv operierende historische Dialoggrammatik und die kultur- und sozial-, mentalitats- und ideengeschichtlich orientierte kulturhistorische Diskursanalyse. Im systematischen Zuschnitt des integrativen Ansatzes dieses germanistischen Arbeitsheftes ergibt sich daraus eine dreifach gestufte Rekonstruktion historischer Dialogexemplare und Dialogsorten: die sprachstrukturelle, die sprachpragmatische und die sprachsoziologische Rekonstruktion. Sprachwandeltheoretische Eroerterungen und Analysen vor dem Hintergrund einer zu rekonstruierenden Dialoggeschichte des Deutschen beschliessen das Arbeitsheft. Den meisten Abschnitten sind Aufgaben fur das Selbststudium oder fur Unterrichtszwecke angeschlossen, zu denen im Anhang Loesungshinweise gegeben werden. Ein Glossar leistet erste Hilfe bei der Erklarung dialoglinguistischer Termini und dient zugleich als Sachregister.

"Her style is very particular; one can recognize it by reading a single line. It doesn't resemble anyone else's," insists Cesar Aira when describing Marosa di Giorgio's poetry in the Diccionario de autores latinoamericanos. Di Giorgio has one of the most distinct and recognizable voices in Latin American poetry. Her surreal and fablelike prose fragments invite comparison to Kafka, Cortazar, or even contemporary American poets Russell Edson and Charles Simic, but di Giorgio's voice, imagery, and themes-childhood, the Uruguayan countryside, a perception of the sacred-are her own. Di Giorgio's reputation has grown in recent years. Her collected poems and collected prose were published in 2008, and, in addition to Aira, other South American critics and authors have bestowed attention and praise on her writing. One of her books of erotic prose, Misales (1993), has been translated into French. In addition, her work was featured in two recent anthologies of contemporary Uruguayan poetry translated into English, and her fourth book, The History of Violets, translated by Jeannine Marie Pitas, was published in 2010 by Ugly Ducking Presse. Diadem, a careful selection of poems that span the enormous output of her career, will introduce English-language readers to this vibrant and original voice.

Literature analysis made easy. Build your students' confidence in their language abilities and help them develop the skills needed to critique their chosen work: putting it into context, understanding the themes and narrative technique, as well as specialist terminology. Breaking down each scene, character and theme in Bonjour tristesse (Hello sadness) this accessible guide will enable your students to understand the historical and social context of the novel and give them the critical and language skills needed to write a successful essay. - Strengthen language skills with relevant grammar, vocab and writing exercises throughout - Aim for top marks by building a bank of textual examples and quotes to enhance exam response - Build confidence with knowledge-check questions at the end of every chapter - Revise effectively with pages of essential vocabulary and key mind maps throughout - Feel prepared for exams with advice on how to write an essay, plus sample essay questions, two levels of model answers and examiner commentary